Deep Dive
1. Quantum-Safe Signing & Dynamic Resharding (20 July 2026)
Overview: This mainnet upgrade introduced two foundational improvements: FIPS-204 post-quantum signatures and automated dynamic resharding. It makes the network secure against future quantum computing attacks and allows it to scale capacity automatically without manual intervention.
The upgrade, labeled nearcore 2.13.0, implements a NIST-approved post-quantum signature scheme (ML-DSA-65), positioning NEAR as one of the first major blockchains with production-ready quantum resistance. Dynamic resharding lets the network split busy shards at epoch boundaries, maintaining 1-second block finality during traffic surges. It also included compact on-chain key storage and optimizations for epoch synchronization.
What this means: This is bullish for NEAR because it significantly boosts long-term security and ensures the network can handle growing demand smoothly and without downtime. Users benefit from a more robust and scalable platform for applications.
(NEAR Legion)
2. Resharding V3 & Parallel Validation (March 2025)
Overview: This protocol upgrade, release 2.5.0, focused on scaling infrastructure and node performance. It introduced a new resharding implementation to increase the number of shards and added parallel transaction validation to boost processing speed.
The update included Resharding V3, which increased the network's shard count from 6 to 8 through two separate resharding events (protocol versions 75 and 76). A new cross-shard bandwidth scheduler improved throughput for transactions across shards. Crucially, it parallelized transaction validation and signature checks on nodes, significantly improving overall transaction processing throughput.
What this means: This is bullish for NEAR because it directly increases the network's capacity and speed, enabling more complex applications and a better user experience with faster confirmations. It demonstrates a commitment to scaling the core protocol to meet future demand.
(Release 2.5.0 · near/nearcore)
Conclusion
NEAR's codebase evolution shows a clear trajectory toward enterprise-grade security and elastic scalability, crucial for its ambitions in AI and chain abstraction. How will these lower-level protocol enhancements accelerate the adoption of user-facing applications like NEAR Intents?