Deep Dive
1. Mainnet v2.13.0 Upgrade (July 2026)
Overview: This mandatory protocol upgrade activated quantum-safe signing and automatic shard scaling on the main network. It makes user accounts resilient against future cryptographic attacks and allows the network to grow seamlessly with demand.
The core change is the integration of the NIST-approved FIPS-204 (ML-DSA-65) signature scheme, adding a third, quantum-resistant key type alongside existing ones. Concurrently, dynamic resharding enables the protocol to automatically split busy shards at epoch boundaries based on real-time load, removing a major scalability bottleneck. The upgrade also introduced NEP-611 (Gas Keys), which lets applications prepay or sponsor transaction fees for users, significantly reducing onboarding friction.
What this means: This is bullish for NEAR because it future-proofs the network with top-tier security long before competitors, making it a potential safe haven for high-value assets. For users, it means their holdings are more secure against advanced threats, and apps can offer gas-free transactions, making Web3 much easier to use.
(CoinMarketCap)
2. Testnet v2.13.0 Launch (July 2026)
Overview: This release brought the same post-quantum and scaling features to the public testnet, allowing developers and validators to test the new infrastructure in a live environment before mainnet deployment.
The testnet deployment centered on adopting the FIPS-204 standard, a lattice-based algorithm designed to withstand attacks from quantum computers. A key advantage is NEAR's account structure, which uses human-readable IDs and rotatable access keys, allowing users to switch to quantum-safe signing in a single transaction without changing their address.
What this means: This is neutral for NEAR as it represents a critical, expected step in the software development lifecycle. It demonstrates the team's commitment to rigorous testing and community coordination, reducing the risk of bugs when new features go live for everyone.
(CoinMarketCap)
Overview: The earlier 2.5.0 release laid the groundwork for modern scalability with a new resharding implementation and core performance optimizations.
The update introduced "Resharding V3" with new shard layouts, increasing the network's shard count from 6 to 8. It also launched a cross-shard bandwidth scheduler to manage inter-shard communication more efficiently, enabling higher throughput. A major non-protocol improvement was the parallelization of transaction validation (including signature checks) before processing, which significantly boosted node throughput.
What this means: This was bullish for NEAR as it directly addressed fundamental scalability limits. The changes allow the network to process more transactions faster and more efficiently, which is essential for supporting mass adoption and complex applications without congestion or high fees.
(GitHub)
Conclusion
NEAR's development trajectory is firmly focused on building robust, future-proof infrastructure, with back-to-back upgrades cementing its position as a leader in quantum security and elastic scalability. Will its early investment in post-quantum cryptography become a decisive competitive moat as the threat timeline accelerates?