## THORChain (RUNE) คืออะไร?

THORCHAin เป็นโปรโตคอลสภาพคล่องแบบกระจายศูนย์ที่ช่วยให้ผู้ใช้สามารถแลกเปลี่ยนสินทรัพย์คริปโตเคอร์เรนซีผ่านเครือข่ายต่าง ๆ ได้อย่างง่ายดาย โดยไม่สูญเสียอำนาจใการดูแลสินทรัพย์ของตนในกระบวนการ

ด้วย THORChain ผู้ใช้สามารถสลับสินทรัพย์หนึ่งไปยังอีกสินทรัพย์หนึ่งได้ด้วยการตั้งค่าแบบไม่ต้องการขออนุญาต โดยไม่ต้องพึ่งคำสั่งซื้อจากแหล่งสภาพคล่อง แต่ราคาตลาดจะคงอยู่ตามอัตราส่วนของสินทรัพย์ในกลุ่ม (ดู [ผู้ดูแลสภาพคล่องอัตโนมัติ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/automated-market-maker-amm#:~:text=An%20automated%20market%20maker%20(AMM,operates%20in%20through%20automated%20trading.))

โทเค็นยูทิลิตี้ดั้งเดิมของแพลตฟอร์ม THORChain คือ RUNE ซึ่งใช้เป็นสกุลเงินหลักในระบบนิเวศของ THORChain และยังใช้สำหรับการกำกับดูแลและด้านความปลอดภัยของแพลตฟอร์ม ซึ่งเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของกลไกการต่อต้าน Sybil ของ THORChain เนื่องจากโหนด THORChain จะต้องใช้ RUNE อย่างน้อย 1 ล้านตัวเพื่อเข้าร่วมในกระบวนการ [ฉันทามติ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus) แบบหมุนเวียน

THORChain ได้รับเงินทุนผ่านการเสนอขาย DEX เบื้องต้น (IDO) ซึ่งเปิดตัวผ่าน Binance [DEX](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-exchange-dex) ในเดือนกรกฎาคม 2019 เครือข่ายหลักเปิดตัวครั้งแรกในเดือนมกราคม 2021 แต่การอัปเกรดแบบหลายสายเชนได้มีการกำหนดไว้สำหรับปี 2021

### ใครคือผู้ก่อตั้ง THORChain?

ตามที่ตัวแทนอย่างเป็นทางการของ THORChain ระบุไว้ แพลตฟอร์มนี้ไม่มี CEO, ไม่มีผู้ก่อตั้ง และไม่มีกรรมการ การพัฒนาเพิ่มเติมของแพลตฟอร์มนั้นจัดการผ่าน Gitlab แทน

ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น ผู้ที่กำลังทำงานในโครงการนี้ส่วนใหญ่ก็ไม่มีการเปิดเผยตัวตน และอีกครั้ง ตัวแทนอย่างเป็นทางการของ THORChain กล่าวว่านี่คือ "การปกป้องโครงการและให้แน่ใจว่าจะสามารถกระจายอำนาจได้"

[ทวีต](https://twitter.com/thorchain_org/status/1198720787785453568?lang=en) ของโปรเจ็กต์ให้ความกระจ่างเกี่ยวกับทฤษฎีเบื้องหลังการรักษาโปรเจ็กต์กับทีมนิรนามดังที่ยกมาด้านล่าง:

"-> นักพัฒนาทำงานให้กับโหนด โดยรหัสการจัดส่งที่ทำให้ระบบมีค่ามากขึ้น

-> โหนดทำงานให้กับ Stakers โดยการรักษาความปลอดภัยในทรัพย์สินและระบบออนไลน์

-> Stakers นำเงินทุนมาวางในตลาดสำหรับ Swappers

-> Swappers จ่ายค่าธรรมเนียม ทำให้เกิดกิจกรรมทางเศรษฐกิจ"

### อะไรที่ทำให้ THORChain ไม่เหมือนใคร?

THORChain ใช้ระบบเฉพาะเพื่อช่วยบรรเทาปัญหาใน ["การสูญเสียที่ไม่ถาวร"](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/impermanent-loss) — หรือความสูญเสียชั่วคราวที่มักเกิดขึ้นแก่ผู้ให้บริการสภาพคล่อง ซึ่งสามารถประสบได้เมื่อมีส่วนร่วมในแหล่งรวมสภาพคล่อง มันบรรลุเป้าหมายนี้โดยใช้ค่าธรรมเนียมตามสลิปเพื่อช่วยให้สภาพคล่องอยู่ในตำแหน่งที่ต้องการ

นอกจากนี้ THORChain ยังผสมผสานเทคโนโลยีใหม่ ๆ เข้าไว้ด้วยกัน รวมถึงการตรึงสถานะ on-way, state machine, Bifröst Signer Module และโปรโตคอล TSS เพื่ออำนวยความสะดวกในการแลกเปลี่ยนโทเค็นข้ามเชนอย่างราบรื่น ทั้งหมดนี้ถูกเก็บไว้เบื้องหลัง ซึ่งทำให้ทุกคนสามารถเข้าถึงแพลตฟอร์มได้แม้กระทั่งเทรดเดอร์ที่ไม่มีประสบการณ์

แพลตฟอร์มไม่เน้นผลกำไร ค่าธรรมเนียมทั้งหมดที่สร้างโดยโปรโตคอลจะส่งตรงไปยังผู้ใช้ และไม่มีข้อกำหนดไว้สำหรับทีมงาน แต่ทีมงานจะได้รับแรงจูงใจจากการถือ RUNE เช่นเดียวกับคนอื่น ๆ

ปัจจุบัน โทเค็น RUNE มีอยู่ในบล็อคเชนหลายตัว รวมถึง Binance Chain (เป็นโทเค็น BEP-2) และ Ethereum (เป็นโทเค็น [ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20))

#### หน้าที่เกี่ยวข้อง:

ตรวจสอบ [Uniswap (UNI)](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/uniswap/) — โทเค็นการกำกับดูแลสำหรับ Uniswap AMM ยอดนิยม

ลองดู [1inch (1INCH)](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/1inch/) — โทเค็นดั้งเดิมสำหรับเครื่องมือรวบรวม 1inch DEX

[เครือข่ายการกระจายอำนาจเป็นอย่างไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/how-decentralized-are-decentralized-networks) ค้นหาด้วย CoinMarketCap Alexandria

คุณเคยเห็น [CoinMarketCap blop](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog) หรือไม่?

### มีเหรียญ THORChain (RUNE) หมุนเวียนอยู่กี่เหรียญ?

ณ เดือนกุมภาพันธ์ 2021 มี RUNE จำนวน 158.4 ล้านเหรียญที่หมุนเวียนอยู่จากอุปทานทั้งหมด 500 ล้าน

ดังที่เราได้กล่าวไปแล้วก่อนหน้านี้ THORChain เปิดตัวครั้งแรกหลังจากมีการทำ [IEO](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-exchange-offering) บน Binance DEX ในส่วนหนึ่งของ IEO มีการขาย RUNE 20 ล้านเหรียญ มีการขาย RUNE ทั้งหมด 130 ล้านเหรียญ ในรอบการระดมทุนก่อนหน้านี้

[ตามข้อเสนอของ Binance DEX](https://community.binance.org/topic/357/proposal-to-list-thorchain-rune-on-binance-dex) อย่างเป็นทางการ 10% ของอุปทานทั้งหมด (50 ล้านโทเค็น) จะถูกจัดสรรให้กับทีมงาน และถูกล็อคจนกว่าจะมีการเปิดตัวเมนเน็ต — และจะมีการปลดล็อคที่ 20% ต่อเดือนหลังจากนั้น

ปัจจุบัน THORChain มีเส้นการปลดปล่อยเริ่มต้นที่ 30% โดยประมาณ มีการกำหนดเป้าหมายอยู่ที่ 2% โดยประมาณ หลังจากระยะเวลา 10 ปี

### เครือข่าย THORChain มีความปลอดภัยอย่างไร?

THORChain สร้างขึ้นโดยใช้ Cosmos SDK และขับเคลื่อนโดยกลไกฉันทามติของ Tendermint สิ่งนี้ทำให้เครือข่ายปลอดภัยจาก [การโจมตี](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/51-attack) ผ่านระบบ [BFT](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/byzantine-fault-tolerance-bft) ด้วยการทำงานของ proof-of-stake ([PoS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake)) ที่มีผู้ตรวจสอบจำนวนมากทำงานร่วมกันเพื่อเสนอและสรุปบล็อกของธุรกรรม

นอกเหนือจากนี้ [smart contracts](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) ของ THORChain ยังได้รับการตรวจสอบโดยบริษัทรักษาความปลอดภัยบุคคลที่สามหลายแห่ง รวมถึงบริษัท Certik — ซึ่งไม่พบช่องโหว่ใด ๆ

### คุณสามารถซื้อ THORChain (RUNE) ได้จากที่ไหน?

RUNE เป็นคริปโตเคอร์เรนซียอดนิยมที่มีให้ซื้อและซื้อขายบนแพลตฟอร์มการแลกเปลี่ยนทั้งแบบรวมศูนย์และแบบกระจายอำนาจจำนวนมาก ที่โดดเด่นที่สุดคือ [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/binance/) (แบบรวมศูนย์) และ [SushiSwap](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/2020/09/16/bullish-activity-for-bitcoin-under-the-hood-of-the-sushiswap-saga-a-data-perspective-by-intotheblock/) (แบบกระจายอำนาจ)

ณ เดือนกุมภาพันธ์ 2021 คู่การซื้อขาย RUNE ส่วนใหญ่เป็นคริปโต/คู่เงินคริปโต อย่างไรก็ตาม RUNE สามารถซื้อได้ด้วยเงินวอนเกาหลี (KRW) บน ProBit Exchange และดอลลาร์สหรัฐ (USD) บน FTX สำหรับข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับการซื้อคริปโตเคอร์เรนซีด้วยเงินสกุล fiat โปรดดู [คู่มือยอดนิยมของเรา](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/)

นี่คือบทความอื่น ๆ ที่คุณอาจสนใจ:

* [คริปโตฟอเซ็ต (Crypto Faucet) คืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [บัตรเดบิตคริปโตคืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [Web 3.0 คืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [การฟาร์มผลตอบแทนคืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [การให้ยืมคริปโต (Crypto Lending) คืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

⚡️ New integrations: Li.Fi, Cake Wallet, Fireblocks, + more

Open Source Native Asset Infrastructure ⚡️Non-custodial Bitcoin to ETH swaps & more ⚡️Earn yield on your coins ⚡️Powering crypto's largest wallets & exchanges

THORChain's Q2 Report has been published  Highlights: ⚡️ $13.9b in total swap volume ⚡️ $5.28m in fees collected ⚡️ $3.92m earned by interfaces ⚡️ New integrations: Li.Fi, Cake Wallet, Fireblocks, + more ⚡️ Trade Assets launch ⚡️ RUNEPool & Solana Soon™️  Full announcement: https://medium.com/thorchain/thorchain-q2-2024-ecosystem-report-13911bd5c7a5

How THORChain Trading Impacts the Price of $RUNE: Flipside Crypto

Bridges of Ethereum County: Flipside Crypto

Binance

THORChain

Ledger

Binance Chain Wallet

Atomic wallet

Thorchain

Fantom is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) smart contract platform providing decentralized finance (DeFi) services to developers using its own bespoke consensus algorithm.

Together with its in-house token FTM, Fantom aims to solve problems associated with smart-contract platforms, specifically transaction speed, which developers say they have reduced to under two seconds.

The Fantom Foundation, which oversees the Fantom product offering, was originally created in 2018, with the launch of OPERA, Fantom’s mainnet, coming in December 2019.

Fantom is an open-source decentralized smart contract platform for DApps and digital assets that was created as an alternative to Ethereum. Fantom has the goal of overcoming the limitations of previous generation blockchains and balancing three components: scalability, security and decentralization. The project offers a set of tools to simplify the process of integrating existing DApps, as well as a detailed staking reward system and built-in DeFi instruments.

Fantom is a Layer-1 blockchain that uses a scratch-built consensus mechanism and independent consensus layer, Lachesis, to facilitate DeFi and related services on the basis of smart contracts. Lachesis provides security for other layers as well, including Opera, Fantom's EVM-compatible smart contract chain. The long-playing mission of the project is to “grant compatibility between all transaction bodies around the world.”

One of Fantom's key strengths is its performance and efficient transaction processing, namely thousands of transactions per second, where transactions are settled in 1-2 seconds, and the cost is fractions of a cent per transaction. As a result, Fantom provides higher scalability but at a lower cost.

The ecosystem is based on two main technologies: Lachesis protocol and Opera.

The Lachesis protocol is the core consensus layer that secures the Fantom network by providing both transaction speed and security.

Lachesis is an aBFT consensus engine that uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG) algorithm. How it works: network data can be processed at different times, and the network filters the participants, allowing only one third, which are allocated due to erroneous or malicious behavior, without compromising network processes.

Fantom's Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (aBFT) Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism maintains the efficiency of the entire network, its design provides security at maximum speed. Fantom developers emphasize that the PoS mechanism is a leaderless phenomenon — there are no leaders of blocks and participants, and anyone can join (or leave) the network of nodes at a convenient moment.

The key qualities of Lachesis are: asynchronous, leaderless, Byzantine fault-tolerant, and near-instant finality.

As for Opera, it's an application development layer or Fantom's mainnet deployment platform, permissionless and open-source hosting DApps. Thanks to EVM integration and support for the Solidity programming language, Fantom has a full set of smart contract capabilities, which allows users to seamlessly interact with Ethereum platforms while maintaining the advantage of Fantom's transaction efficiency.

The Fantom Foundation concluded that removing block leaders improves network security, so Opera uses a PoS model and leaderless validators (validators do not determine which blocks are valid).

In addition to being a fast, secure and cheap payment platform that enables to make fast and secure payments at minimal cost, Fantom also features on-chain governance where users vote with FTM tokens (one token equals one vote). Of the features: users have the right to express the degree of agreement / disagreement on a scale from 0 to 4.

FTM is the native utility in-house PoS token of Fantom that powers the ecosystem and is applied for payments, network fees, staking, and governance. FTM forms the backbone of transactions, and allows fee collection and staking activities, along with the user rewards the latter represents.

Fantom

Arweave is a decentralized storage network that seeks to offer a platform for the indefinite storage of data. Describing itself as "a collectively owned hard drive that never forgets," the network primarily hosts "the permaweb" — a permanent, decentralized web with a number of community-driven applications and platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Arweave.

The Arweave network uses a native cryptocurrency, AR, to pay "miners" to indefinitely store the network's information.

The project was first announced as Archain in August 2017, later rebranding to Arweave in February 2018 and officially launching in June 2018.

Arweave

Theta Network

Injective (INJ) is a blockchain built for finance. It is an open, interoperable layer-one blockchain powering next-generation DeFi applications, including decentralized spot and derivatives exchanges, prediction markets, lending protocols, and more.

Injective uniquely provides powerful core financial infrastructure primitives that applications can leverage, including a fully decentralized MEV-resistant on-chain orderbook. In addition, all forms of financial markets such as spot, perpetual, futures and options are fully on-chain. The decentralized cross-chain bridging infrastructure is compatible with Ethereum, IBC-enabled blockchains, and non EVM chains such as Solana.

Injective also provides a next-generation, highly interoperable smart contract platform based on CosmWasm, with advanced interchain capabilities. Injective is custom built with the Cosmos SDK and utilizes Tendermint-based Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism, providing instant transaction finality with the ability to sustain lightning-fast performance (25,000+ TPS).

The Injective ecosystem includes 100+ projects and over 150,000 community members globally. Injective is backed by a group of prominent investors such as Binance, Pantera Capital, Jump Crypto and Mark Cuban.

Injective

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

Chainlink

NEAR Protocol is a layer-one blockchain that was designed as a community-run cloud computing platform and that eliminates some of the limitations that have been bogging competing blockchains, such as low transaction speeds, low throughput and poor interoperability. This provides the ideal environment for DApps and creates a developer and user-friendly platform. For instance, NEAR uses human-readable account names, unlike the cryptographic wallet addresses common to Ethereum. NEAR also introduces unique solutions to scaling problems and has its own consensus mechanism called “Doomslug.”

NEAR Protocol is being built by the NEAR Collective, its community that is updating the initial code and releasing updates to the ecosystem. Its declared goal is to build a platform that is “secure enough to manage high value assets like money or identity and performant enough to make them useful for everyday people.”

Flux, a protocol that allows developers to create markets based on assets, commodities, real-world events, and Mintbase, an NFT minting platform are examples of projects being built on NEAR Protocol.

NEAR Protocol

Avalanche is a layer one blockchain that functions as a platform for decentralized applications and custom blockchain networks. It is one of Ethereum’s rivals, aiming to unseat Ethereum as the most popular blockchain for smart contracts. It aims to do so by having a higher transaction output of up to 6,500 transactions per second while not compromising scalability.

This is made possible by Avalanche’s unique architecture. The Avalanche network consists of three individual blockchains: the X-Chain, C-Chain and P-Chain. Each chain has a distinct purpose, which is radically different from the approach Bitcoin and Ethereum use, namely having all nodes validate all transactions. Avalanche blockchains even use different consensus mechanisms based on their use cases.

After its mainnet launch in 2020, Avalanche has worked on developing its own ecosystem of DApps and DeFi. Different Ethereum-based projects such as SushiSwap and TrueUSD have integrated with Avalanche. Furthermore, the platform is constantly working on improving interoperability between its own ecosystem and Ethereum, like through the development of bridges.

Avalanche

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Aave

Immutable positions itself as the first layer-two scaling solution for NFTs on Ethereum. According to Immutable, its blockchain does away with Ethereum’s limitations like low scalability, a poor user experience, illiquidity, and a slow developer experience. Instead, users benefit from instant trading and massive scalability while enjoying zero gas fees for minting and trading NFTs without compromising user or asset security.

Thanks to this technology, users will be able to create and distribute assets like ERC-20 and ERC-721 tokens on a massive scale. Chris Clay, the game Director of Gods Unchained, a project already building on Immutable, stated that Immutable allows Gods Unchained to implement a new meta-system that was previously impossible. In this fashion, Immutable aims to create a world-class experience for users and developers alike.

Immutable

Polygon (previously Matic Network) is the first well-structured, easy-to-use platform for Ethereum scaling and infrastructure development. Its core component is Polygon SDK, a modular, flexible framework that supports building multiple types of applications.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Polygon Matic.

Using Polygon, one can create optimistic rollup chains, ZK rollup chains, stand alone chains or any other kind of infra required by the developer.

Polygon effectively transforms Ethereum into a full-fledged multi-chain system (aka Internet of Blockchains). This multi-chain system is akin to other ones such as Polkadot, Cosmos, Avalanche etc. with the advantages of Ethereum’s security, vibrant ecosystem and openness.

The $MATIC token will continue to exist and will play an increasingly important role, securing the system and enabling governance.

Polygon (formerly Matic Network) is a Layer 2 scaling solution backed by Binance and Coinbase. The project seeks to stimulate mass adoption of cryptocurrencies by resolving the problems of scalability on many blockchains.

Polygon combines the Plasma Framework and the proof-of-stake blockchain architecture. The Plasma framework used by Polygon as proposed by the co-founder of Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, allows for the easy execution of scalable and autonomous smart contracts.

Nothing will change for the existing ecosystem built on the Plasma-POS chain. With Polygon, new features are being built around the existing proven technology to expand the ability to cater to diverse needs from the developer ecosystem. Polygon will continue to develop the core technology so that it can scale to a larger ecosystem.

Polygon boasts of up to 65,000 transactions per second on a single side chain, along with a respectable block confirmation time of less than two seconds. The framework also allows for the creation of globally available decentralized financial applications on a single foundational blockchain.

The Plasma framework gives Polygon the potential of housing an unlimited number of decentralized applications on their infrastructure without experiencing the normal drawbacks common on proof-of-work blockchains. So far, Polygon has attracted more than 50 DApps to its PoS-secured Ethereum sidechain.

MATIC, the native tokens of Polygon, is an ERC-20 token running on the Ethereum blockchain. The tokens are used for payment services on Polygon and as a settlement currency between users who operate within the Polygon ecosystem. The transaction fees on Polygon sidechains are also paid in MATIC tokens.

Polygon

RenderToken (RNDR) is a distributed GPU rendering network built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, aiming to connect artists and studios in need of GPU compute power with mining partners willing to rent their GPU capabilities out. Conceived in 2009 by OTOY, inc. CEO Jules Urbach and launched in 2017, RNDR held its first public token sale in October of that same year, followed by a private sale period lasting from January 2018 – May 2018, wherein a total of 117,843,239 RNDR were sold at a price of 1 RNDR = $0.25 USD equivalent of token.
During the private sale period, early adopters were onboarded onto the RNDR Beta Testnet, where beta node operators and artists worked collaboratively with the RNDR team in building and testing the network, up until its public launch on April 27th 2020.

Render

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Stacks is a Bitcoin Layer for smart contracts; it enables smart contracts and decentralized applications to use Bitcoin as an asset and settle transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin is the largest, most valuable, and most durable decentralized asset. The Stacks layer unlocks $500B in BTC capital using the Bitcoin L1 as settlement for decentralized applications.

Stacks has knowledge of the full Bitcoin state, thanks to its Proof of Transfer consensus and Clarity language, enabling it to read from Bitcoin at any time.

All transactions on the Stacks layer are automatically hashed and settled on the Bitcoin L1. Stacks blocks are secured by 100% Bitcoin hashpower. In order to re-order Stacks blocks/transactions, an attacker would have to reorg Bitcoin.

Stacks

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Polkadot is an open-source sharded multichain protocol that connects and secures a network of specialized blockchains, facilitating cross-chain transfer of any data or asset types, not just tokens, thereby allowing blockchains to be interoperable with each other. Polkadot was designed to provide a foundation for a decentralized internet of blockchains, also known as Web3.

Polkadot is known as a layer-0 metaprotocol because it underlies and describes a format for a network of layer 1 blockchains known as parachains (parallel chains). As a metaprotocol, Polkadot is also capable of autonomously and forklessly updating its own codebase via on-chain governance according to the will of its token holder community.

Polkadot provides a foundation to support a decentralized web, controlled by its users, and to simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.

The Polkadot protocol can connect public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot Relay Chain (explained further down).

Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: staking for operations and security, facilitating network governance, and bonding tokens to  connect parachains .

Polkadot has four core components:

Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;

Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;

Parathreads: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;

Bridges: allow parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.

Polkadot

Algorand is a self-sustaining, decentralized, blockchain-based network that supports a wide range of applications. These systems are secure, scalable and efficient, all critical properties for effective applications in the real world. Algorand will support computations that require reliable performance guarantees to create new forms of trust.

The Algorand mainnet became live in June 2019, and was able to handle almost 1 million transactions per day as of December 2020. Algorand transaction metrics can be viewed here. Algorand initial coin offering (ICO) was held in June 2019, with the Algorand price of $0.24 per token.

Algorand

Uniswap is a popular decentralized trading protocol, known for its role in facilitating automated trading of decentralized finance (DeFi) tokens.

An example of an automated market maker (AMM), Uniswap launched in November 2018, but has gained considerable popularity this year thanks to the DeFi phenomenon and associated surge in token trading.

Uniswap aims to keep token trading automated and completely open to anyone who holds tokens, while improving the efficiency of trading versus that on traditional exchanges.

Uniswap creates more efficiency by solving liquidity issues with automated solutions, avoiding the problems which plagued the first decentralized exchanges.

In September 2020, Uniswap went a step further by creating and awarding its own governance token, UNI, to past users of the protocol. This added both profitability potential and the ability for users to shape its future — an attractive aspect of decentralized entities.

Uniswap

MultiversX is a blockchain protocol that offers true horizontal scalability by using all aspects of sharding (Network, Transaction & State). The project describes itself as a technology ecosystem for the new internet, which includes decentralized finance, real world assets and the Metaverse. Its smart contracts execution platform is reportedly capable of up to 100,000 transactions per second, 6-second latency and a $0.002 transaction cost.

MultiversX is governed and secured through the EGLD token. EGLD, or Electronic Gold, is MultiversX's native token. It acts as a store of value currency to pay for network usage. The coin also serves as a medium of exchange between platform users and validators. Users pay transaction fees in EGLD and validators participate in the consensus process.

EGLD allows developers to deploy smart contracts, protocols, and dApps on the platform. It empowers participants to perform any network action. Through staking and validation rewards, as well as transaction fees, EGLD manages the MultiversX network. Plus, EGLD is endowed with the functionality of a governance token, so its holders can vote on network decisions.

MultiversX

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.