## Ocean Protocol (OCEAN) คืออะไร?

Ocean Protocol เป็นระบบนิเวศบนบล็อคเชนที่ช่วยให้บุคคลและธุรกิจสามารถปลดล็อคคุณค่าของข้อมูลได้อย่างง่ายดายและสร้างรายได้ผ่านการใช้ [ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20) ที่เป็น datatoken

ด้วย Ocean Protocol ช่วยให้ผู้เผยแพร่โฆษณาสามารถสร้างรายได้จากข้อมูลของตนในขณะที่ยังมีการรักษาความเป็นส่วนตัวและการควบคุม ในขณะที่ผู้บริโภคก็สามารถเข้าถึงชุดข้อมูลที่ก่อนหน้านี้ไม่พร้อมใช้งานหรือหายากได้ด้วย ชุดข้อมูลเหล่านี้สามารถค้นพบได้ใน Ocean Market ซึ่งพวกเขาสามารถซื้อและบริโภคหรือขายได้ในภายหลัง

ใน Ocean Protocol บริการข้อมูลแต่ละบริการจะแสดงด้วย datatoken ที่ไม่ซ้ำกัน ซึ่งใช้ในการแรปชุดของข้อมูลหรือ compute-to-data — ซึ่งจะทำให้บุคคลที่สามสามารถดำเนินการกับข้อมูลได้โดยยังอยู่ในพื้นที่ที่ปลอดภัยของผู้เผยแพร่

OCEAN เป็นโทเค็นยูทิลิตี้ที่ใช้สำหรับการกำกับดูแลชุมชนและ [staking](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/staking) ข้อมูล และยังรวมไปถึงการซื้อและขายข้อมูลที่เป็นหน่วยพื้นฐานของตัวกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนใน Ocean Market ราคาของ datatoken เหล่านี้ถูกกำหนดโดยกลุ่ม [AMM](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/automated-market-maker-amm) ของ OCEAN-datatoken ซึ่งจะปรับราคาของ datatoken ในการซื้อและขายตามอุปสงค์และอุปทาน

### ใครคือผู้ก่อตั้ง Origin Protocol?

Ocean Protocol ก่อตั้งขึ้นในปี 2017 โดยกลุ่มที่ปรึกษาและผู้ประกอบการที่มีประสบการณ์ ซึ่งพวกเขามีประสบการณ์มากมายในการพัฒนาและขยายธุรกิจไฮเทค

ทีมงานหลักของ Ocean Protocol ประกอบด้วย: Bruce Pon ผู้จัดการโครงการในระดับนานาชาติที่มีประสบการณ์และยังเป็น CEO คนปัจจุบันของ BigchainDB; Trent McConaghy วิศวกรผู้มากประสบการณ์และผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้าน AI; Cristina Pon ผู้อำนวยการฝ่ายการตลาดของ Ocean Protocol และ BigchainDB; Razvan Olteanu ในตำแหน่งผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิซึ่งมีประสบการณ์ด้านเทคนิคและการจัดการมากกว่า 20 ปี

ทีมงานหลักของ Ocean Protocol ปัจจุบันมีอยู่ด้วยกัน 15 คน และแพลตฟอร์มนี้ได้รับการสนับสนุนจากที่ปรึกษาจำนวนมาก ซึ่งหลายคนเป็นผู้เชี่ยวชาญในด้าน AI, [บล็อคเชน](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain), บิ๊กดาต้า และธุรกิจต่าง ๆ ซึ่งได้พัฒนาและจัดการบริษัทที่ล้วนแต่ประสบความสำเร็จของตนเอง

### อะไรที่ทำให้ Ocean Protocol ไม่เหมือนใคร?

Ocean Protocol ปลดล็อคการเข้าถึงข้อมูลที่ก่อนหน้านี้ไม่พร้อมใช้งานหรือเข้าถึงได้ยาก โดยอนุญาตให้ใครก็ตามที่มีชุดข้อมูลที่ต้องการสร้างโทเค็นจากข้อมูลของตนและทำให้พร้อมใช้งานได้ใน Ocean Market

สิ่งนี้สร้างรายได้เพิ่มเติมสำหรับผู้เผยแพร่ข้อมูล ในขณะที่ยังให้นักวิทยาศาสตร์, นักวิจัย, นักวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล หรือใครก็ตามสามารถเข้าถึงข้อมูลที่เชื่อถือได้ได้มากขึ้น

Ocean Protocol มอบเครื่องมือที่จำเป็นสำหรับบริษัทในการสร้างและเปิดตัวตลาดข้อมูลของตนเอง โดยอาศัยการฟอร์กจาก Ocean Protocol โดยตรง หรือใช้ React hooks ที่ Ocean Protocol React ให้มา นอกจากนี้ยังมีเอกสารประกอบอีกมากมายเพื่อช่วยในกระบวนการนี้

ผู้ถือโทเค็น OCEAN สามารถเข้าร่วมในระบบเศรษฐกิจของ datatoken ได้โดยตรง ด้วยการ stake โทเค็นบนชุดข้อมูลใน Ocean Market ผู้เดิมพันจะกลายเป็น [ผู้ให้บริการสภาพคล่อง](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/liquidity-provider) ในกลุ่มเฉพาะของ OCEAN-datatoken และได้รับค่าธรรมเนียมส่วนหนึ่งจากการทำธุรกรรมที่สร้างโดยกลุ่ม

#### หน้าที่เกี่ยวข้อง:

อ่านเกี่ยวกับ [Uniswap (UNI)](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/uniswap/) — โทเค็นการกำกับดูแลของตัวกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนแบบกระจายอำนาจอย่าง Uniswap

ตรวจสอบ district0x (DNT) — เครือข่ายของตลาดแบบกระจายอำนาจ

เพิ่มความเร็วด้วยศัพท์แสงล่าสุดของคริปโตด้วย [CoinMarketCap Crypto Glossary](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary)

รับทราบภาพรวมของข้อมูลเชิงลึกของตลาดในปัจจุบันด้วย [CoinMarketCap blog](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/)

### มีเหรียญ Ocean Protocol (OCEAN) หมุนเวียนอยู่กี่เหรียญ?

ณ เดือนพฤศจิกายน 2020 มีโทเค็น OCEAN ทั้งหมด 414 ล้านโทเค็นที่หมุนเวียนอยู่ จำนวนสูงสุดคงที่ที่ 1.41 พันล้านโทเค็น ซึ่งกำหนดไว้ในสัญญาฉบับใหม่ของ Ocean ที่ปรับใช้เมื่อวันที่ 21 สิงหาคม 2020

จะใช้เวลาทั้งหมด 50 ปีในการปลดปล่อยอุปทานของ OCEAN ทั้งหมด ในขณะที่คาดว่าโทเค็นทั้งหมดประมาณ 600 ล้านจะหมุนเวียนภายในเดือนพฤษภาคม 2022 และ 1 พันล้านโทเค็นภายในมกราคม 2031

โดย Ocean จำนวน 20% จะถูกจัดสรรให้กับผู้ก่อตั้งโครงการ, 15% ให้กับผู้ซื้อ (ผู้ซื้อ SAFTE), 5% ให้กับมูลนิธิ Ocean Protocol และส่วนที่เหลืออีก 60% จะถูกแจกจ่ายให้กับผู้ดูแล (ผู้ที่เรียกใช้โหนดเครือข่าย Ocean)

### เครือข่าย Ocean Protocol มีความปลอดภัยอย่างไร?

ปัจจุบัน OCEAN เป็นโทเค็น ERC-20 ที่ทำงานบนบล็อคเชนของ [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/ethereum/) เป็นผลให้ได้รับการสนับสนุนด้วยการขุดการแบบ [proof-of-work](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake) (POW) ของ Ethereum และเครือข่ายโหนด ซึ่งครอบคลุมถึงการป้องกัน[การโจมตี](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/51-attack)ที่หลากหลาย

ก่อนหน้านี้ Ocean Protocol มีการดำเนินการบนไซด์เชนแบบ proof-of-authority (PoA) แต่ถูกปรับเปลี่ยนเพื่อให้แน่ใจว่า datatokens ยังคงเข้ากันได้กับระบบนิเวศของ Ethereum ที่กว้างขึ้น

จากข้อมูล [blog entry](https://blog.oceanprotocol.com/making-ocean-protocols-smart-contracts-and-it-s-governance-unstoppable-45cf99dc1b65) ในปี 2019 ระบุว่า Ocean Protocol ใช้หลักการด้านความปลอดภัยระดับกองทัพเมื่อออกแบบ smart contract — ทำให้มั่นใจได้ว่าสามารถอัปเกรดและปรับใช้ได้อย่างปลอดภัยโดยไม่มีการเปิดเวคเตอร์การโจมตีใด ๆ

### คุณสามารถซื้อ Ocean Protocol (OCEAN) ได้จากที่ไหน

ปัจจุบันโทเค็น Ocean Protocol (OCEAN) สามารถซื้อขายได้บนตัวกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนหลายแห่ง รวมถึงแพลตฟอร์มชั้นนำหลายแห่ง เช่น Binance, KuCoin, Bittrex และ Poloniex ณ เดือนพฤศจิกายน 2020 [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/binance/) เป็นตัวกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนแบบรวมศูนย์ที่มีสภาพคล่องมากที่สุดสำหรับการซื้อขาย OCEAN ในขณะที่ [Uniswap](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/uniswap-v2/) เป็นตัวกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนแบบกระจายอำนาจที่มีสภาพคล่องมากที่สุดสำหรับ OCEAN

ปัจจุบัน OCEAN ไม่สามารถซื้อได้โดยตรงด้วยสกุลเงิน fiat ในตัวกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนที่รองรับ แต่คุณสามารถ [ซื้อ Bitcoin ด้วยเงินสกุล fiat](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) แทน แล้วแลกเปลี่ยนเป็น OCEAN ได้

นี่คือบทความอื่น ๆ ที่คุณอาจสนใจ:

* [คริปโตฟอเซ็ต (Crypto Faucet) คืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [บัตรเดบิตคริปโตคืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [Web 3.0 คืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [การฟาร์มผลตอบแทนคืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [การให้ยืมคริปโต (Crypto Lending) คืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

Blockchain and AI: What’s Behind the Hype

Technical Analysis: Ocean Protocol (OCEAN) Price Prediction

Ocean Protocol

Ledger

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Atomic wallet

The privacy-preserving, data sharing protocol for #AI and the #NewDataEconomy

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

Pepe

UNUS SED LEO

Axelar

Tether Gold

Compound

Echelon Prime

Aevo

dYdX (ethDYDX)

Arkham

DeXe

Livepeer

Pastel

Pullix

Rejuve.AI

Redacted

Amino

SingularityNET is a blockchain-powered platform that allows anybody to easily "create, share, and monetize" AI services, thanks to its globally-accessible AI marketplace.

Through the SingularityNET marketplace, users can browse, test and purchase a huge variety of AI services using the platform’s native utility token — AGIX. Moreover, the marketplace represents an outlet AI developers can use to publish and sell their AI tools, and easily track their performance.

With the benefits of LLMs and generative AI are increasingly exciting, their limitations are also becoming increasingly apparent. The convergence of structured knowledge with neural networks is emerging as the key to overcoming their shortcomings.

Uniquely positioned at the heart of this convergence, SingularityNET will prioritize the integration of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) and comprehensive Neural Symbolic tools for LLMs, with the goal of empowering developers to create the next generation of AI systems on the SingularityNET Platform.

SingularityNET is strategically positioned to become the Knowledge Layer of the Internet, leading the evolution of the emerging AI landscape while also laying the foundations for the Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) of tomorrow.

The team behind SingularityNET pioneered the development of an AI known as Sophia, which is described as the "world's most expressive robot". SingularityNET’s goal is to enable Sophia to be able to fully understand human language, and continue developing “OpenCog” — an AI framework that is hoped to eventually achieve a state known as “advanced general intelligence,” i.e. human-level artificial intelligence (or beyond).

The platform was first announced in 2017 and completed an initial coin offering (ICO) in December the same year, raising $36 million in just one minute.

SingularityNET

Founded in 2017 and launched via IEO on Binance in March 2019, Fetch.AI is an artificial intelligence (AI) lab building an open, permissionless, decentralized machine learning network with a crypto economy. Fetch.ai democratizes access to AI technology with a permissionless network upon which anyone can connect and access secure datasets by using autonomous AI to execute tasks that leverage its global network of data. The Fetch.AI model is rooted in  use cases like optimizing DeFi trading services, transportation networks (parking, micromobility), smart energy grids, travel — essentially any complex digital system that relies on large-scale datasets.

Fetch.ai

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

RenderToken (RNDR) is a distributed GPU rendering network built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, aiming to connect artists and studios in need of GPU compute power with mining partners willing to rent their GPU capabilities out. Conceived in 2009 by OTOY, inc. CEO Jules Urbach and launched in 2017, RNDR held its first public token sale in October of that same year, followed by a private sale period lasting from January 2018 – May 2018, wherein a total of 117,843,239 RNDR were sold at a price of 1 RNDR = $0.25 USD equivalent of token.
During the private sale period, early adopters were onboarded onto the RNDR Beta Testnet, where beta node operators and artists worked collaboratively with the RNDR team in building and testing the network, up until its public launch on April 27th 2020.

Render

Injective is a blockchain built for finance. It is an open, interoperable layer-one blockchain powering next-generation DeFi applications, including decentralized spot and derivatives exchanges, prediction markets, lending protocols and more.

Injective uniquely provides powerful core financial infrastructure primitives that applications can leverage, including a fully decentralized MEV-resistant on-chain orderbook. In addition, all forms of financial markets such as spot, perpetual, futures and options are fully on-chain. The decentralized cross-chain bridging infrastructure is compatible with Ethereum, IBC-enabled blockchains, and non EVM chains such as Solana.

Injective also provides a next-generation, highly interoperable smart contract platform based on CosmWasm, with advanced interchain capabilities. Injective is custom built with the Cosmos SDK and utilizes Tendermint-based Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism, providing instant transaction finality with the ability to sustain lightning-fast performance (10,000+ TPS).

The Injective ecosystem includes 100+ projects and over 150,000 community members globally. Injective is backed by a group of prominent investors such as Binance, Pantera Capital, Jump Crypto and Mark Cuban.

Injective’s core exchange module provides state-of-the-art capabilities including an advanced on-chain order book and matching engine for spot, perpetual, futures and options markets, resistance to Miner-Extractable Value (MEV) through frequent batch auction order matching, and zero gas fees for users.

Injective natively uses IBC and is highly-interoperable with multiple layer 1s, including, but not limited to, Polygon and Solana (through an upcoming Wormhole integration). It is also uniquely built to be interoperable with Ethereum, through its own decentralized ERC-20 token bridge, making Injective the first network within the Cosmos ecosystem to natively support Ethereum assets.

Smart contracts are implemented on Injective through CosmWasm, allowing for multi-chain smart contract transactions to occur seamlessly. Injective, however, is the only blockchain that enables automatic smart contract execution. This capability serves as a powerful building block for developers to create novel use cases that would not be possible on any other chain.

The use cases intended for INJ include but are not limited to: protocol governance, dApp value capture, Proof-of-Stake (PoS) security, developer incentives and staking. Further details regarding each of these use cases can be found below:

Protocol Governance: The INJ token governs every single component of Injective, including chain upgrades. Since its mainnet launch, the Injective community has actively contributed to governance, with all proposals passing through a DAO governance vote. The comprehensive governance page is available here.

Protocol Fee Value Capture: 60% of all fees generated from dApps enter an on-chain buy-back-and-burn auction to maintain the deflationary nature of INJ. The burn auction page is available here.

Tendermint-based Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Security: INJ is used to secure the Injective blockchain using a proof-of-stake mechanism. Validators and delegators can both participate in staking.

Developer Incentives: 40% of fees generated by users on dApps built on Injective go directly towards incentivizing new developers building on Injective which brings an ever growing funnel of builders to Injective.

Injective

Bittensor

Theta Network

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

NEAR Protocol is a layer-one blockchain that was designed as a community-run cloud computing platform and that eliminates some of the limitations that have been bogging competing blockchains, such as low transaction speeds, low throughput and poor interoperability. This provides the ideal environment for DApps and creates a developer and user-friendly platform. For instance, NEAR uses human-readable account names, unlike the cryptographic wallet addresses common to Ethereum. NEAR also introduces unique solutions to scaling problems and has its own consensus mechanism called “Doomslug.”

NEAR Protocol is being built by the NEAR Collective, its community that is updating the initial code and releasing updates to the ecosystem. Its declared goal is to build a platform that is “secure enough to manage high value assets like money or identity and performant enough to make them useful for everyday people.”

Flux, a protocol that allows developers to create markets based on assets, commodities, real-world events, and Mintbase, an NFT minting platform are examples of projects being built on NEAR Protocol.

NEAR Protocol

Avalanche is a layer one blockchain that functions as a platform for decentralized applications and custom blockchain networks. It is one of Ethereum’s rivals, aiming to unseat Ethereum as the most popular blockchain for smart contracts. It aims to do so by having a higher transaction output of up to 6,500 transactions per second while not compromising scalability.

This is made possible by Avalanche’s unique architecture. The Avalanche network consists of three individual blockchains: the X-Chain, C-Chain and P-Chain. Each chain has a distinct purpose, which is radically different from the approach Bitcoin and Ethereum use, namely having all nodes validate all transactions. Avalanche blockchains even use different consensus mechanisms based on their use cases.

After its mainnet launch in 2020, Avalanche has worked on developing its own ecosystem of DApps and DeFi. Different Ethereum-based projects such as SushiSwap and TrueUSD have integrated with Avalanche. Furthermore, the platform is constantly working on improving interoperability between its own ecosystem and Ethereum, like through the development of bridges.

Avalanche

Algorand is a self-sustaining, decentralized, blockchain-based network that supports a wide range of applications. These systems are secure, scalable and efficient, all critical properties for effective applications in the real world. Algorand will support computations that require reliable performance guarantees to create new forms of trust.

The Algorand mainnet became live in June 2019, and was able to handle almost 1 million transactions per day as of December 2020. Algorand transaction metrics can be viewed here. Algorand initial coin offering (ICO) was held in June 2019, with the Algorand price of $0.24 per token.

Algorand

The Internet Computer blockchain incorporates a radical rethink of blockchain design, powered by innovations in cryptography. It provides the first “World Computer” blockchain that can be used to build almost any online system or service, including demanding web social media, without need for traditional IT such as cloud computing services. As such it can enable full end-to-end decentralization.

Internet Computer

Hedera is the most used, sustainable, enterprise-grade public network for the decentralized economy that allows individuals and businesses to create powerful decentralized applications (DApps).

It is designed to be a fairer, more efficient system that eliminates some of the limitations that older blockchain-based platforms face — such as slow performance and instability.

It was funded through an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2018 and first launched open access to its mainnet just over a year later in September 2019. As part of the ICO, investors were able to purchase the platform’s native utility token (HBAR) at the lowest possible pricing.

The HBAR token has a dual role within the Hedera public network.

First and foremost, HBAR the fuel that powers Hedera services, such as smart contracts, file storage and regular transactions. Second, it's used to help secure the network, since HBAR users can stake their tokens to assist with maintaining the integrity of the platform.

Hedera (HBAR) is the native cryptocurrency of Hedera Hashgraph, a platform that is positioned as an alternative to traditional blockchain technology and aims to excel in speed, efficiency and security.

Older blockchains tend to use a consensus mechanism like proof-of-work (PoW) to validate transactions, while younger blockchains opted for proof-of-stake (PoS). The Hedera Hashgraph system has a structure that was created from scratch particularly for the project. Hedera is based on a PoS model that is believed to increase the efficiency of transaction verification in the network, provide a high level of security, and protect the network from hacker attacks. Its ecosystem has the underlying hashgraph consensus algorithm and the global enterprise governing body.

Hedera Hashgraph is a distributed ledger technology (DLT). According to the project website, Hedera differs from other blockchains because it uses a new consensus algorithm called hashgraph. It intends to process and execute transactions faster, eliminate delays, and smooth out the TPS (transactions per second) indicator. Hashgraph is claimed to be an upgrade in transaction speed, cost, and scalability.

Core network services by Hedera:

Consensus Service (HCS). With HCS, clients send messages to the network to negotiate consensus timestamping and order. In this case, the state is stored offline, and users can define privacy and access control.

Hedera Token Service (HTS). Thanks to HTS, token creation and management are available to customers. It supports built-in tokenization.

The goal of Hedera’s hashgraph is to increase the speed of transactions. Moreover, the network is also focused on high-volume operations: micropayments, data integrity and tokenization.

Like the EVM, the Hedera network maintains a virtual machine that writes smart contracts in the Solidity programming language. On top of that, Hedera offers a set of built-in KYC and AML checks.

From a technical point of view, Hedera is a form of distributed ledger technology. It is a hashgraph, or consensus algorithm, where users agree on the order in which transactions should be performed. However, Hedera is not exactly a blockchain. It has its own distinctiveness and works differently. With hashgraph, all transaction branches are merged, no block equivalent is thrown away, and each is used to reach consensus.

One of the most noticeable features of the network is the Gossip-about-Gossip protocol. According to Dr. Leemon Baird, Hedera's inventor, within the system nodes randomly transmit data about themselves to other nodes via hashgraph using the Gossip protocol. Soon, all nodes in a cluster become familiar with each other. Then a certain data structure is formed. It consists of a payload of transactions, a timestamp, a digital signature, and hashes to the previous structures.

HBAR is Hedera's native token that powers applications on the Hedera network. HBAR is utilized to pay for network services, transaction fees, in-app payments and micropayments. Developers can pay network fees with HBAR tokens, namely: work with smart contracts, file storage and currency exchange. HBAR is used to incentivize and pay network nodes.

Hedera Hashgraph has a decentralized governance system that is set apart. All critical decisions about pricing policy, software updates, and wealth management are made by the Governing Council.

Hedera

THORChain is a decentralized liquidity protocol that allows users to easily exchange cryptocurrency assets across a range of networks including Bitcoin and Ethereum without losing full custody of their assets in the process.

With THORChain, users can simply swap one asset for another in a permissionless setting, without needing to rely on order books to source liquidity. Instead, market prices are maintained through the ratio of assets in a pool (see automated market maker.

The native utility token of the THORChain platform is RUNE. This is used as the base currency in the THORChain ecosystem and is also used for platform governance and security as part of THORChain's Sybil resistance mechanisms — since THORChain nodes must commit a minimum of 300k RUNE to participate in its rotating consensus process.

THORChain was funded through an initial DEX offering (IDO) which launched through the Binance DEX in July 2019. Its single-chain chaosnet launched in April 2021, the multi-chain upgrade was launched in April 2021 and Mainnet is now live as of Jun 2022..
Learn more here

THORChain

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Polygon (previously Matic Network) is the first well-structured, easy-to-use platform for Ethereum scaling and infrastructure development. Its core component is Polygon SDK, a modular, flexible framework that supports building multiple types of applications.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Polygon Matic.

Using Polygon, one can create optimistic rollup chains, ZK rollup chains, stand alone chains or any other kind of infra required by the developer.

Polygon effectively transforms Ethereum into a full-fledged multi-chain system (aka Internet of Blockchains). This multi-chain system is akin to other ones such as Polkadot, Cosmos, Avalanche etc. with the advantages of Ethereum’s security, vibrant ecosystem and openness.

The $MATIC token will continue to exist and will play an increasingly important role, securing the system and enabling governance.

Polygon (formerly Matic Network) is a Layer 2 scaling solution backed by Binance and Coinbase. The project seeks to stimulate mass adoption of cryptocurrencies by resolving the problems of scalability on many blockchains.

Polygon combines the Plasma Framework and the proof-of-stake blockchain architecture. The Plasma framework used by Polygon as proposed by the co-founder of Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, allows for the easy execution of scalable and autonomous smart contracts.

Nothing will change for the existing ecosystem built on the Plasma-POS chain. With Polygon, new features are being built around the existing proven technology to expand the ability to cater to diverse needs from the developer ecosystem. Polygon will continue to develop the core technology so that it can scale to a larger ecosystem.

Polygon boasts of up to 65,000 transactions per second on a single side chain, along with a respectable block confirmation time of less than two seconds. The framework also allows for the creation of globally available decentralized financial applications on a single foundational blockchain.

The Plasma framework gives Polygon the potential of housing an unlimited number of decentralized applications on their infrastructure without experiencing the normal drawbacks common on proof-of-work blockchains. So far, Polygon has attracted more than 50 DApps to its PoS-secured Ethereum sidechain.

MATIC, the native tokens of Polygon, is an ERC-20 token running on the Ethereum blockchain. The tokens are used for payment services on Polygon and as a settlement currency between users who operate within the Polygon ecosystem. The transaction fees on Polygon sidechains are also paid in MATIC tokens.

Polygon

Optimism (OP) is a layer-two blockchain on top of Ethereum. Optimism benefits from the security of the Ethereum mainnet and helps scale the Ethereum ecosystem by using optimistic rollups. That means transactions are trustlessly recorded on Optimism but ultimately secured on Ethereum.

Optimism is one of the biggest scaling solutions for Ethereum with over $500 million in TVL. It is home to 97 protocols, the biggest being Synthetix (SNX), a derivatives exchange, Uniswap (UNI), a DEX, and Velodrome (VELO), an AMM. Users can begin their journey on Optimism by adding the chain on their Metamask and bridging tokens like ETH to the L2. On May 31, 2022, Optimism conducted a highly anticipated airdrop of its OP token.

Optimism

Polkadot is an open-source sharded multichain protocol that connects and secures a network of specialized blockchains, facilitating cross-chain transfer of any data or asset types, not just tokens, thereby allowing blockchains to be interoperable with each other. Polkadot was designed to provide a foundation for a decentralized internet of blockchains, also known as Web3.

Polkadot is known as a layer-0 metaprotocol because it underlies and describes a format for a network of layer 1 blockchains known as parachains (parallel chains). As a metaprotocol, Polkadot is also capable of autonomously and forklessly updating its own codebase via on-chain governance according to the will of its token holder community.

Polkadot provides a foundation to support a decentralized web, controlled by its users, and to simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.

The Polkadot protocol can connect public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot Relay Chain (explained further down).

Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: staking for operations and security, facilitating network governance, and bonding tokens to  connect parachains .

Polkadot has four core components:

Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;

Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;

Parathreads: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;

Bridges: allow parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.

Polkadot

Arbitrum is an Ethereum layer-two (L2) scaling solution. It uses optimistic rollups to achieve its goal of improving speed, scalability and cost-efficiency on Ethereum. Arbitrum benefits from the security and compatibility of Ethereum. Another benefit is the higher throughput and lower fees compared to Ethereum. That is made possible thanks to moving most of the computation and storage load off-chain.

Arbitrum’s native token is called ARB and is used for governance. Offchain Labs, the developers behind Arbitrum, announced the shift to a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) structure — the Arbitrum DAO. ARB holders can vote on proposals that affect the features, protocol upgrades, funds allocation and election of a Security Council.

Arbitrum has an ambitious roadmap for 2023, which includes: Launching its own layer-three solution called Orbit; Enabling developers to deploy programs written in popular programming languages like Rust, C++, and more using Stylus; Expanding its validator set to include more independent institutional validators; Moving its protocol to layer two with Arbitrum One.

On March 16, 2023,  Arbitrum announced their highly anticipated airdrop of ARB. The token will be airdropped to early users and DAOs building on Arbitrum, with 12.75% of the total supply to be distributed. Recipients were rewarded on a point-based system depending on their interaction with the Arbitrum network until a cutoff date of March 1, 2023. The token generation event is on March 23, 2023.

Arbitrum

Uniswap is a popular decentralized trading protocol, known for its role in facilitating automated trading of decentralized finance (DeFi) tokens.

An example of an automated market maker (AMM), Uniswap launched in November 2018, but has gained considerable popularity this year thanks to the DeFi phenomenon and associated surge in token trading.

Uniswap aims to keep token trading automated and completely open to anyone who holds tokens, while improving the efficiency of trading versus that on traditional exchanges.

Uniswap creates more efficiency by solving liquidity issues with automated solutions, avoiding the problems which plagued the first decentralized exchanges.

In September 2020, Uniswap went a step further by creating and awarding its own governance token, UNI, to past users of the protocol. This added both profitability potential and the ability for users to shape its future — an attractive aspect of decentralized entities.