## Ethereum Name Service (ENS) คืออะไร

[Ethereum Name Service (ENS)](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/ethereum-name-service/) เป็นระบบการตั้งชื่อแบบกระจาย มีลักษณะเปิด และขยายได้โดยใช้บล็อคเชนของ Ethereum ENS แปลงที่อยู่ Ethereum ที่มนุษย์อ่านได้เช่น john.eth เป็นรหัสตัวอักษรและตัวเลขที่เครื่องอ่านได้ ซึ่งคุณรู้จักจากวอลเลทเช่น [Metamask](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/metamask) การแปลงแบบย้อนกลับ โดยการเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลเมตาและที่อยู่ที่เครื่องอ่านได้กับที่อยู่ [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/ethereum/) ที่มนุษย์อ่านได้ นี่ก็อาจจะเป็นไปได้

เป้าหมายของ Ethereum Name Service คือการทำให้เว็บบน Ethereum เข้าถึงและเข้าใจได้ง่ายขึ้นสำหรับมนุษย์ คล้ายกับวิธีที่บริการชื่อโดเมนของอินเทอร์เน็ตทำให้อินเทอร์เน็ตเข้าถึงได้ง่ายขึ้น เช่นเดียวกับ DNS ที่ ENS ยังใช้ระบบชื่อลำดับชั้นที่คั่นด้วยจุดซึ่งเรียกว่าโดเมน โดยเจ้าของโดเมนจะสามารถควบคุมโดเมนย่อยของตนอย่างเต็มที่

ENS เปิดตัวด้วย [airdrop](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/airdrop) ย้อนหลังที่ประสบความสำเร็จอย่างสูงในเดือนพฤศจิกายน 2021 ซึ่งให้รางวัลแก่ผู้ใช้ที่ลงทะเบียนที่อยู่ที่ก่อนที่โครงการจะเปิดตัวโทเค็น อย่างไรก็ตาม ในเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ 2022 มีการวิพากษ์วิจารณ์ถึง [ทวีตที่เห็นได้ชัดว่ามีการกล่าวอ้าง](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/ens-in-crisis-as-leader-s-unacceptable-tweet-emerges) โดยผู้อำนวยการฝ่ายปฏิบัติการ

### ใครคือผู้ก่อตั้ง Ethereum Name Service

ENS เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของมูลนิธิ Ethereum ในขั้นต้น แต่แยกออกเป็นองค์กรแยกต่างหากในปี 2018 หัวหน้านักพัฒนาคือ Nick Johnson วิศวกรซอฟต์แวร์จากนิวซีแลนด์ ซึ่งเคยทำงานที่ Google และมูลนิธิ Ethereum มาก่อน ทีมงาน ENS ที่มีความเชี่ยวชาญเป็นพิเศษถึง 9 คน และคลังของมันก็ยังถูกควบคุมโดยระบบพื้นฐานแบบ [หลายลายเซ็น](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/multisignature) โดยสมาชิกมีรายชื่อดังต่อไปนี้

* Nick Johnson - ENS
* Sergey Nazarov - Chainlink
* Dan Finlay - Metamask
* Taylor Monahan - MyCrypto
* Aron Fischer - Colony
* Jason Carver - มูลนิธิ Ethereum
* Martin Swende - มูลนิธิ Ethereum

แม้ว่า ENS ไม่จะมีนักลงทุน แต่ก็ได้รับการสนับสนุนจากมูลนิธิ Ethereum, Binance_X, Chainlink, Ethereum Classic Labs และ Protocol Labs

### อะไรทำให้ Ethereum Name Service ไม่เหมือนใคร

Ethereum Name Service นำเสนอคุณค่าที่ไม่ซ้ำแบบใคร เนื่องจากเป็แห่งแรกที่โอนย้ายบริการชื่อโดเมนไปยัง Web3 แบบ decentralized ได้

ENS ไม่ใช่บริษัท แต่เป็นโครงการแบบโอเพ่นซอร์สที่เรียกตัวเองว่า "ยูทิลิตี้สาธารณะแบบเปิดที่เป็นของบริษัท" โดยพื้นฐานแล้ว มันมีเป้าหมายที่จะกลายเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของโครงสร้างพื้นฐานที่มีความสำคัญต่อ Web3 เช่นเดียวกับที่ DNS มีต่ออินเทอร์เน็ต ยิ่งไปกว่านั้น ENS ยังไม่มีจุดล้มเหลวแม้เพียงจุดเดียว ต้องขอบคุณเทคโนโลยีบล็อคเชน และมันจะทนทานต่อการเซ็นเซอร์และปลอดภัยยิ่งขึ้นด้วยการออกแบบ

อุปสรรคหลักประการหนึ่งในการนำเทคโนโลยีบล็อคเชนมาใช้ในวงกว้างคือการเข้าถึงได้ง่ายและใช้งานง่าย ซึ่ง ENS มีเป้าหมายที่จะแก้ไขในส่วนนี้ แทนที่จะใช้รหัสที่เป็นตัวอักษรและตัวเลขคละกันที่เครื่องอ่านได้ ผู้ใช้สามารถรับการเข้ารหัสลับหรือ [NFT](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/non-fungible-token) ใด ๆ ได้โดยไปยังลิงก์ที่สั้นกว่าและจำง่ายกว่า สิ่งนี้ทำให้ประสบการณ์ของผู้ใช้งานง่ายขึ้นและทำให้เทคโนโลยีบล็อคเชนมีเทคนิคน้อยลง

ภายใต้ฮูด ENS สร้างขึ้นจาก [smart contracts](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) สองตัว โดยอย่างแรกคือโดเมนบันทึกการลงทะเบียน ENS ที่ลงทะเบียนใน ENS และจัดเก็บข้อมูลต่อไปนี้เกี่ยวกับแต่ละโดเมน:

* เจ้าของโดเมน
* ตัวแก้ไขโดเมน
* เวลาในการแคชสำหรับการบันทึกทั้งหมดภายใต้โดเมน

ส่วน smart contract ตัวที่สองนั่นก็คือตัวแก้ไข จุดประสงค์คือการแปลที่อยู่ที่เครื่องอ่านได้เป็นชื่อโดเมน หรือเป็นไปในทางกลับกัน และจับคู่แต่ละโดเมนกับผู้ใช้ เว็บไซต์ หรือที่อยู่ที่เกี่ยวข้อง

#### หน้าที่เกี่ยวข้อง:

ลองดู [Chainlink (LINK)](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/chainlink/) — โซลูชัน oracle ที่ใช้โดยโปรโตคอลจำนวนมาก

ลองดู [Terra (LUNA)](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/terra-luna/) — บล็อคเชนเลเยอร์ 1 ยอดนิยม

เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับ Ethereum Name Service ด้วยข้อมูล [การเจาะลึกใน ENS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-ens) จากเรา

รับข่าวสารล่าสุดเกี่ยวกับคริปโตและข้อมูลเชิงลึกด้านการซื้อขายล่าสุดด้วย [CoinMarketCap blog](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog)

### มีเหรียญ Ethereum Name Service (ENS) หมุนเวียนอยู่กี่เหรียญ

ENS เป็น [โทเค็นการกำกับดูแล](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/governance-token) ของ Ethereum Name Service และใช้เพื่อควบคุมโปรโตคอลและมีอิทธิพลต่อการตัดสินใจในการกำหนดราคาของมันเอง eth ที่อยู่และราคาของ oracle ผู้ถือโทเค็นยังสามารถมอบหมายโทเค็นของตนให้กับ [DAO](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-autonomous-organizations-dao) สำหรับการลงคะแนนได้อีกด้วย [อุปทานทั้งหมด](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/total-supply) ของ ENS อยู่ที่ 100 ล้าน และ [อุปทานหมุนเวียน](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/circulating-supply) อยู่ที่ 20 ล้านในขณะที่เขียน ENS มีการกระจายโทเค็นดังนี้

* DAO Community Treasury (50%) โดย 10% เมื่อเปิดตัว การให้สิทธิ์ในเชิงเส้นตลอดสี่ปี
* Airdrop สำหรับผู้ถือ ETH (25%)
* ผู้มีส่วนร่วม (25%) โดยมีการให้สิทธิ์ในเชิงเส้นตลอดสี่ปี ด้วยรายละเอียดดังต่อไปนี้ 
* ผู้สนับสนุนหลัก 18.96%
* เลือกการรวมระบบ 2.5%
* ผู้ร่วมสมทบในอนาคต 1.25%
* ผู้ร่วมให้ข้อมูลภายนอก 1.29%
* การเปิดตัวที่ปรึกษา 0.58%
* ผู้ถือกุญแจ 0.25%
* ผู้ใช้ Discord ที่แอคทีฟอยู่ในปัจจุบัน 0.125%
* นักแปล 0.05%

### เครือข่าย Ethereum Name Service มีความปลอดภัยอย่างไร

ENS ทำงานบน [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/ethereum/) ซึ่งได้รับการปกป้องโดย [กลไกฉันทามติแบบ proof-of-work](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-work-pow) ที่กำหนดให้นักขุดต้องขุด Ether ใหม่เสมอ ชุดของโหนด decentralized จะใช้ในการตรวจสอบการทำธุรกรรมและรักษาความปลอดภัยของบล็อคเชน Ethereum ขอบคุณด้วยลักษณะ decentralized โดยธรรมชาติของ Ethereum และโหนดรักษาความปลอดภัยเครือข่ายที่มีมากกว่า 10,000 [โหนด](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/node) ENS ไม่มีจุดล้มเหลวแม้เพียงจุดเดียวและไม่สามารถถูกแฮ็กได้

Ethereum Name Service ได้ร่วมมือกับวอลเลทต่าง ๆ เช่น Coinbase Wallet, Trust Wallet, My Crypto และอื่น ๆ

### คุณสามารถซื้อ Ethereum Name Service (ENS) ได้จากที่ไหน

ENS มีให้บริการบน [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/binance/), [OKX](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/okx/), [Bitget](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/bitget/), [Mandala Exchange](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/mandala/) และ [FTX](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/ftx/)

หากคุณต้องการเรียนรู้เพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับวิธีการเริ่มต้นซื้อคริปโตเคอร์เรนซีคุณสามารถอ่านเพิ่มเติมได้ใน [คู่มือของเรา](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/)

ENS is gearing up for ENSv2! To address community concerns about the impact on current ENS names and the platform's future, we've put together an FAQ with some of most of the commonly asked questions.

Welcome to Ethereum Name Service's Community channel aggregated by CoinMarketCap.

ENS is gearing up for ENSv2! To address community concerns about the impact on current ENS names and the platform's future, we've put together an FAQ with some of most of the commonly asked questions.

https://blog.ens.domains/post/ensv2-faq

 joined ENS Radio to discuss ENS subnames, the Namespace platform, and the various development tools they provide for the ENS ecosystem 🛠 

 released a quick walkthrough for developers utilizing the ENS subgraph on how to migrate to avoid rate limits ⬇ 

 attended NamesCon to meetup with the DNS community and spread the word about ENS! 

 recently introduced the Superchain Identity powered by 

 has rolled out their ENS namespace, providing users with the ability to have 

 has a new feature that enables users to receive expiration notifications for their ENS names 🤝 

 has introduced CAIP275, an open standard for domain wallets, allowing users to easily log in with their ENS names 🔥 

 has added a new block to their platform that enables users to easily issue .eth subnames on decentralized websites utilizing 

 introduced the Vision Subname Service (VSS) which provides users with another platform for launching ENS namespaces ✨ 

That wraps up another great week in the ENS ecosystem!

Your support means a lot to us and we're eager to bring you more updates soon 🤝

This week in the ENS ecosystem 🧵 
.@namespace_eth founder @TheCapHimself joined ENS Radio to discuss ENS subnames, the Namespace platform, and the various development tools they provide for the ENS ecosystem 🛠 
ENS Labs team member @domicoeth will be a speaker at this year’s @EthCC in Brussels! 
ENS Labs team member @gregskril released a quick walkthrough for developers utilizing the ENS subgraph on how to migrate to avoid rate limits ⬇ 
ENS Labs team member @aurbelis attended NamesCon to meetup with the DNS community and spread the word about ENS! 
.@Optimism recently introduced the Superchain Identity powered by @3dns_inc, featuring http://super.box and http://chain.box ENS subnames 🦾 
.@WalletConnect has rolled out their ENS namespace, providing users with the ability to have http://wcn.id usernames 💫 
.@rotkiapp has a new feature that enables users to receive expiration notifications for their ENS names 🤝 
.@LitProtocol has introduced CAIP275, an open standard for domain wallets, allowing users to easily log in with their ENS names 🔥 
.@webhash_eth has added a new block to their platform that enables users to easily issue .eth subnames on decentralized websites utilizing @namespace_eth 
.@ensvision introduced the Vision Subname Service (VSS) which provides users with another platform for launching ENS namespaces ✨ 
That wraps up another great week in the ENS ecosystem!

Your support means a lot to us and we're eager to bring you more updates soon 🤝

What Is ENS?

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Binance

Ethereum Name Service

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

SolFlare

Backpack

Phantom

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Uniswap

Bonk

SingularityNET

Gala

Nexo

DeXe

Worldcoin

JasmyCoin

Fetch.ai

Bitget Token

Mog Coin

X2Y2

Pond Coin

Mountain Protocol

Vitalik Smart Gas

Mask Network is a protocol that allows its users to send encrypted messages over Twitter and Facebook. It essentially acts as a bridge between the internet and a decentralized network running on top.

Mask Network was initially launched in July 2019, with its first use case of allowing Facebook and Twitter users to encrypt posts on the social media platforms. It then raised $2 million in a funding round in November 2020, co-led by HashKey and Hash Global, and a further $3 million funding round in February 2021 with participation from Digital Currency Group and Fundamental Labs.

Now, Mask Network offers the ability to fund Gitcoin grant campaigns directly from Twitter, as well as plans to offer peer-to-peer payments and decentralized storage functionality. It is a decentralized portal that also allows users to use DApps like crypto payments, decentralized finance, decentralized storage, e-commerce (digital goods/NFTs) and decentralized organizations (DAO) over the top of existing social networks without migrating, creating what is referred to as a decentralized Applet (DApplet) ecosystem.

Mask Network

Lido DAO is a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) which provides staking infrastructure for multiple blockchain networks.

Most notably, the platform provides a liquid staking solution for Ethereum, allowing users to stake their ETH and receive stETH (Lido staked ETH) tokens in exchange, which represent the user's staked ETH and staking rewards.

Lido DAO is secured by a mix of decentralized governance, audited code and smart contracts. The Lido protocol runs on Ethereum with help from smart contracts that process user deposits and distribute staking rewards, among other functions. Several third-party security firms have audited Lido’s smart contracts in order to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.

The platform’s native token is LDO - which also serves as the governance token for Lido DAO. Holders can participate in governance proposals and vote on key decisions such as board adjustments, new integrations and platform updates. LDO holders have the right to determine the development and operation of the platform.

Lido currently supports staking for Ethereum and Polygon only with the recent sunsetting of Solana.

Lido DAO

Launched in 2017, Livepeer is the first live video streaming network protocol that is fully decentralized. The platform aims to become a viable blockchain-based, economically efficient alternative to centralized broadcasting solutions for all new and existing broadcaster companies.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Livepeer.

As stated in the official Livepeer whitepaper, the live video streaming and broadcasting industry is growing at a rapid pace, and the company is looking to ride this wave and introduce decentralization to the environment. Livepeer aims to streamline the broadcasting process by allowing producers to submit their work on the platform, taking care of reformatting and distributing the content to users and streaming platforms.

Livepeer

Optimism (OP) is a layer-two blockchain on top of Ethereum. Optimism benefits from the security of the Ethereum mainnet and helps scale the Ethereum ecosystem by using optimistic rollups. That means transactions are trustlessly recorded on Optimism but ultimately secured on Ethereum.

Optimism is one of the biggest scaling solutions for Ethereum with over $500 million in TVL. It is home to 97 protocols, the biggest being Synthetix (SNX), a derivatives exchange, Uniswap (UNI), a DEX, and Velodrome (VELO), an AMM. Users can begin their journey on Optimism by adding the chain on their Metamask and bridging tokens like ETH to the L2. On May 31, 2022, Optimism conducted a highly anticipated airdrop of its OP token.

Optimism

Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.

Launched in January 2020, Curve is now synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) phenomenon, and has seen significant growth in the second half of 2020.

In August, Curve launched a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), with CRV as its in-house token. The DAO uses Ethereum-based creation tool Aragon to connect multiple smart contracts used for users’ deposited liquidity. Issues such as governance, however, differ from Aragon in their weighting and other respects.

Curve DAO Token

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Immutable positions itself as the first layer-two scaling solution for NFTs on Ethereum. According to Immutable, its blockchain does away with Ethereum’s limitations like low scalability, a poor user experience, illiquidity, and a slow developer experience. Instead, users benefit from instant trading and massive scalability while enjoying zero gas fees for minting and trading NFTs without compromising user or asset security.

Thanks to this technology, users will be able to create and distribute assets like ERC-20 and ERC-721 tokens on a massive scale. Chris Clay, the game Director of Gods Unchained, a project already building on Immutable, stated that Immutable allows Gods Unchained to implement a new meta-system that was previously impossible. In this fashion, Immutable aims to create a world-class experience for users and developers alike.

Immutable

Ethereum-based DYDX ($ethDYDX) is a governance token that allows the dYdX community to truly govern the dYdX Layer 2 Protocol built on Ethereum ("dYdX v3"). ethDYDX is currently undergoing a migration from Ethereum to the dYdX Chain. More information is available here. If you want to migrate ethDYDX to dYdX Chain DYDX, to enable staking, security and governance of the dYdX Chain you can follow the how-to-bridge guide here.

If you want to read about the new token utility for dYdX Chain DYDX you can read the blog here

ethDYDX (dYdX) is the governance token for the layer 2 protocol built on Ethereum. By enabling shared control of dYdX v3, ethDYDX allows traders, liquidity providers, and partners of dYdX to work collectively towards an enhanced dYdX v3.

Built on StarkWare’s StarkEx scalability engine, layer 2 is used for trading of cross-margined perpetuals on the platform. The scaling solution allows dYdX to increase transaction speed, eliminate gas costs, reduce trading fees and lower​​ minimum trade sizes on the protocol.

A total of 1,000,000,000 ethDYDX have been minted, and started to become accessible over five (5) years, on August 3rd, 2021, at 15:00:00 UTC.

dYdX (ethDYDX)

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.

Filecoin

Arweave is a decentralized storage network that seeks to offer a platform for the indefinite storage of data. Describing itself as "a collectively owned hard drive that never forgets," the network primarily hosts "the permaweb" — a permanent, decentralized web with a number of community-driven applications and platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Arweave.

The Arweave network uses a native cryptocurrency, AR, to pay "miners" to indefinitely store the network's information.

The project was first announced as Archain in August 2017, later rebranding to Arweave in February 2018 and officially launching in June 2018.

Arweave

LRC is the Ethereum-based cryptocurrency token of Loopring, an open protocol designed for the building of decentralized crypto exchanges.

In 2020, the average daily trading volume of the entire cryptocurrency market fluctuated in the approximate range of $50-$200 million. Most of that trading is conducted on centralized cryptocurrency exchanges — online platforms operated by private companies that store users’ funds and facilitate the matching of buy and sell orders.

Such platforms have a number of downsides common to all of them, so a new type of exchange — decentralized— has emerged to try to alleviate these disadvantages. However, fully decentralized exchanges are not without their own flaws.

Loopring’s purported goal is to combine centralized order matching with decentralized on-blockchain order settlement into a hybridized product that will take the best aspects of both centralized and decentralized exchanges.

LRC tokens became available to the public during an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2017, while the Loopring protocol was first deployed on Ethereum mainnet in December 2019.

Loopring

Aptos is a Layer 1 Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain that employs a novel smart contract programming language called Move, a Rust-based programming language that was independently developed by Meta (formerly Facebook)’s Diem blockchain engineers.

Aptos’s vision is a blockchain that brings mainstream adoption to web3 and empowers an ecosystem of DApps to solve real-world user problems.

The PoS blockchain can achieve a theoretical transaction throughput of over 150,000 transactions per second (tps) through parallel execution.

In March 2022, Aptos raised $200 million in a seed round led by the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz (a16z). Other crypto heavyweights like Tiger Global and Multicoin Capital took part in the funding round. Fast forward to July, the startup raised another $200 million in a Series A round with participation from Dragonfly, Apollo Global, Franklin Templeton, Animoca, Jump Crypto and others.

Two months later, Binance Labs made a strategic investment of an undisclosed amount in Aptos.

On Oct. 18, 2022, Aptos announced the mainnet launch, while the Aptos genesis occurred on Oct. 12, 2022.

Aptos

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

ApeCoin is an ERC-20 governance and utility token used within the APE Ecosystem to empower and incentivize a decentralized community building at the forefront of web3.

ApeCoin holders govern themselves via the decentralized governance framework controlling the ApeCoin DAO, and vote on how the ApeCoin DAO Ecosystem Fund should be used. The APE Foundation administers proposals agreed upon by ApeCoin holders.

ApeCoin

Flow

Stacks is a Bitcoin Layer for smart contracts; it enables smart contracts and decentralized applications to use Bitcoin as an asset and settle transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin is the largest, most valuable, and most durable decentralized asset. The Stacks layer unlocks $500B in BTC capital using the Bitcoin L1 as settlement for decentralized applications.

Stacks has knowledge of the full Bitcoin state, thanks to its Proof of Transfer consensus and Clarity language, enabling it to read from Bitcoin at any time.

All transactions on the Stacks layer are automatically hashed and settled on the Bitcoin L1. Stacks blocks are secured by 100% Bitcoin hashpower. In order to re-order Stacks blocks/transactions, an attacker would have to reorg Bitcoin.

Stacks

Mina Protocol is a minimal “succinct blockchain” built to curtail computational requirements in order to run DApps more efficiently. Mina has been described as the world’s lightest blockchain since its size is designed to remain constant despite growth in usage. Furthermore, it remains balanced in terms of security and decentralization. The project was rebranded from Coda Protocol to Mina in October 2020.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Mina Protocol.

The Mina network has a size of only 22 KB, which is miniscule when compared to Bitcoin’s 300 GB blockchain.