A Deep Dive Into How the Top 10 DAOs Work

## UMA (UMA) คืออะไร?

UMA หรือ Universal Market Access เป็นโปรโตคอลสำหรับการสร้างสินทรัพย์สังเคราะห์ตามบล็อกเชน Ethereum ( [ETH](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/ethereum/)) UMA เปิดตัวในเดือนธันวาคม 2018

สินทรัพย์สังเคราะห์คือประเภทของสินทรัพย์ที่แสดงถึงสินทรัพย์อ้างอิงที่แตกต่างกัน และมีมูลค่าเท่ากัน UMA ช่วยให้ผู้ใช้ของตนออกแบบและสร้างสัญญาทางการเงินที่ดำเนินการได้ด้วยตนเอง บังคับใช้ด้วยตนเองได้อย่างปลอดภัยด้วยแรงจูงใจทางเศรษฐกิจ และดำเนินการบนบล็อกเชนของ Ethereum

โดยพื้นฐานแล้ว UMA ช่วยให้คู่สัญญาสามารถแปลงเป็นเงินดิจิทัลและอนุพันธ์ทางการเงินในโลกแห่งความเป็นจริงเป็นไปโดยอัตโนมัติ เช่น ฟิวเจอร์ส, สัญญาสำหรับส่วนต่าง (CFD) หรือการแลกเปลี่ยนผลตอบแทนทั้งหมด นอกจากนี้ยังช่วยให้สามารถสร้างสัญญาอนุพันธ์ที่สามารถดำเนินการได้ด้วยตนเองตามสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลต่าง ๆ เช่น คริปโตเคอร์เรนซีทั้งหลาย

### ใครคือผู้ก่อตั้ง UMA?

UMA ก่อตั้งโดย Hart Lambur และ Allison Lu ซึ่งพบกันที่พื้นซื้อขายของ Goldman Sachs

ในปี 2005 Lambur สำเร็จการศึกษาจากมหาวิทยาลัยโคลัมเบียด้วยปริญญาด้านวิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์ นอกเหนือจากการเป็นผู้ร่วมก่อตั้ง UMA แล้ว เขายังเป็น CEO และผู้ร่วมก่อตั้ง Risk Labs ซึ่งเป็นบริษัทที่รับผิดชอบการพัฒนาโปรโตคอล Universal Market Access

ก่อนหน้าที่ที่ UMA และ Risk Labs นั้น Lambur ทำงานเป็นผู้ช่วยวิจัยที่ Columbia และเป็นผู้ค้าพันธบัตรรัฐบาลที่ Goldman Sachs นอกจากนี้ เขายังก่อตั้งและเป็นหัวหน้า Openfolio ซึ่งเป็นแพลตฟอร์มติดตามการเงินส่วนบุคคล ซึ่งต่อมาเขาได้ขายให้กับ Stone Ridge Asset Management ในปี 2017

Allison Lu ได้รับปริญญาด้านเศรษฐศาสตร์และการจัดการจาก Massachusetts Institute of Technology

ระหว่างปี 2009 ถึงปี 2015 เธอทำงานเป็นรองประธานที่ Goldman Sachs ซึ่งเป็นที่ที่ Lu และ Lambur ได้พบกัน หลังจากนั้น Lu ทำงานเป็นรองประธานฝ่ายวิเคราะห์สินเชื่อและความเสี่ยงที่ Tala ที่เป็นแอปมือถือที่ให้บริการทางการเงิน เธอยังเป็นที่ปรึกษาของ One Daijo ซึ่งเป็นแพลตฟอร์มการให้กู้ยืม Ethereum แบบ peer-to-peer

#### อะไรที่ทำให้ UMA ไม่เหมือนใคร?

แนวคิดหลักที่อยู่เบื้องหลัง Universal Market Access สะท้อนให้เห็นในชื่อของมันเอง: โดยการพัฒนาโปรโตคอลสำหรับการสร้างสินทรัพย์สังเคราะห์และสัญญาทางการเงินบนบล็อคเชน มันพยายามที่จะทำให้ใช้ความเป็นประชาธิปไตยและทำให้เกิดกระจายอำนาจตลาดอนุพันธ์ทางการเงิน

ตลาดการเงินแบบดั้งเดิมมีอุปสรรคสูงในการเข้าสู่ตลาด เนื่องจากรูปแบบของกฎระเบียบและข้อกำหนดในการดูแลซึ่งมักจะกีดกันคนจากการเข้าร่วมในตลาดเหล่านี้ มักจะเป็นเรื่องยากโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งสำหรับผู้ซื้อขายและนักลงทุนที่จะเข้าร่วมในตลาดที่อยู่นอกระบบการเงินในท้องถิ่นของตน สิ่งนี้จะช่วยป้องกันภาวะฉุกเฉินของตลาดการเงินทั่วโลกที่ครอบคลุมอย่างแท้จริง และจำกัดการมีส่วนร่วมให้เหลือเพียงสถาบันเพียงไม่กี่แห่งที่สามารถจ่ายค่าตรวจสอบวิเคราะห์สถานะและทำตามขั้นตอนทางกฎหมายที่จำเป็นได้

ในทางกลับกัน สัญญาของ UMA นั้นอิงตาม [บล็อคเชน](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) ของ Ethereum ซึ่งมีลักษณะที่อนุญาตให้ผู้ใช้สามารถสร้าง เรียกใช้ และซื้อขายอนุพันธ์ดิจิทัลจากทุกที่ในโลก การเข้าถึงนี้มีความสำคัญเป็นพิเศษสำหรับประเทศกำลังพัฒนาทั่วโลก ซึ่งสถาบันการเงินยังแบ่งแยกกัน ส่งผลให้ผู้เข้าร่วมในตลาดท้องถิ่นต้องแยกตัวออกจากกัน

#### หน้าที่เกี่ยวข้อง:

กำลังมองหาโครงการเพิ่มเติมที่มุ่งเน้นการปฏิรูปอุตสาหกรรมการเงินอยู่หรือไม่? ดูหน้า [DeFi](https://coinmarketcap.com/defi/) ของเรา

เข้าถึงข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับ [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/ethereum/) ซึ่งเป็นแพลตฟอร์มอ้างอิงของ UMA

#### มีเหรียญ UMA (UMA) หมุนเวียนอยู่กี่เหรียญ?

UMA เป็นโทเค็นที่ได้รับการกำกับดูแลโปรโตคอลจาก Universal Market Access ซึ่งหมายความว่าผู้ถือครองจะมีสิทธิ์ลงคะแนนในการเปลี่ยนแปลงพารามิเตอร์ของโปรโตคอลและการอัปเกรดระบบ

อุปทานทั้งหมดของ UMA มีจำนวนมากกว่า 100 ล้านโทเค็น โดยในจำนวนนี้มีการหมุนเวียนประมาณ 55 ล้านรายการ ณ เดือนตุลาคม 2020

จากอุปทานทั้งหมด มีการขายโทเค็น 2 ล้านโทเค็นในระหว่างการเสนอ initial coin offering ( [ICO](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-coin-offering-ico)), 48.5 ล้านถูกสงวนไว้สำหรับผู้ก่อตั้งโครงการ, 35 ล้านถูกกันไว้เป็นรางวัลสำหรับนักพัฒนาโปรโตคอล และ 14.5 ล้านถูกกำหนดไว้สำหรับการขายในอนาคต

เพื่อจูงใจให้ผู้มีสิทธิเลือกตั้งมีส่วนร่วม ในทุกครั้งที่มีกระบวนการลงคะแนนเสียงในเครือข่ายจะมีรางวัลเงินเฟ้อเท่ากับ 0.05% ของอุปทาน UMA ในปัจจุบัน ที่จะแจกจ่ายให้กับผู้มีสิทธิเลือกตั้งที่ใช้งานอยู่ตามสัดส่วนของการถือหุ้นในปัจจุบัน

### เครือข่าย UMA มีความปลอดภัยอย่างไร?

UMA ทำงานบน blockchain Ethereum และเป็นผลให้ได้รับการคุ้มครองแบบ Ethash โดยการ [proof-of-work](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake) ซึ่งเป็นฟังก์ชันแฮชเช่นเดียวกัน

### คุณสามารถซื้อ UMA (UMA) ได้จากที่ไหน?

UMA สามารถซื้อได้จากตัวกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนสกุลเงินดิจิทัลหลักหลายแห่ง โดยแหล่งที่ใหญ่ที่สุด ได้แก่:

* [Coinbase Pro](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/coinbase-pro/)
* [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/binance/)
* [Bilaxy](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/bilaxy/)
* [OKEx](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/okex/)

Ledger

Coinbase

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Atomic wallet

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Uniswap

Creditcoin

SushiSwap

MAGA

Chromia

Storj

Omni Network

MOG Coin

Wilder World

Alchemy Pay

Octopus Network

zkLend

Lends

Scotty The Ai

dogwifhat

Bancor is an ecosystem of decentralized, open-source protocols that promote on-chain trading and liquidity.

Its main protocol, Carbon, is a decentralized trading protocol allowing users to perform automated trading strategies using custom on-chain limit orders and range orders, with the option of combining orders together to create automated buy low, sell high strategies.

By design, Carbon orders are irreversible on execution, easily adjustable directly on-chain, and resistant to MEV sandwich attacks. These capabilities give users an unprecedented level of control and automation to perform novel trading strategies on-chain.

Fast Lane, a separate open-source arbitrage protocol, allows any user to perform arbitrage between Bancor ecosystem protocols and external on-chain exchanges and redirect arbitrage profits back to the Bancor ecosystem.

All Bancor ecosystem protocols are governed by the BancorDAO via staked BNT.

Bancor

Balancer is an automated market maker (AMM) that was developed on the Ethereum blockchain and launched in March 2020. It was able to raise a $3M seed round by Placeholder and Accomplice. Balancer protocol functions as a self-balancing weighted portfolio, price sensor and liquidity provider. It allows users to earn profits through its recently introduced token ($BAL) by contributing to customizable liquidity pools.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Balancer(https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-balancer.

The protocol operates a few types of pools:

Private pools give the owner governance over the pool, and make the person the sole contributor of liquidity to the pool. Also, all the parameters are mutable by the owner.

Shared pools are for those who want to become liquidity providers (LPs). The LPs are rewarded with the Balancer Pool Tokens (BPTs).

Smart pools are similar to private pools but are controlled by a smart contract. They also reward using BPTs and allow anyone to contribute liquidity to the pool.

Balancer

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Launched in 2017, Livepeer is the first live video streaming network protocol that is fully decentralized. The platform aims to become a viable blockchain-based, economically efficient alternative to centralized broadcasting solutions for all new and existing broadcaster companies.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Livepeer.

As stated in the official Livepeer whitepaper, the live video streaming and broadcasting industry is growing at a rapid pace, and the company is looking to ride this wave and introduce decentralization to the environment. Livepeer aims to streamline the broadcasting process by allowing producers to submit their work on the platform, taking care of reformatting and distributing the content to users and streaming platforms.

Livepeer

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

SKALE, described as a modular blockchain network, is designed to bring scalability to Ethereum. SKALE is the only blockchain network capable of running an unlimited number of fast, on-demand, pooled-security Blockchains with zero gas fees to end users. These individual chains are known as SKALE chains and can be dapp-specific or shared.

The project’s website says it wants to enable people to build and run DApps in a “decentralized modular cloud built for real-world needs and configured for your requirements.” This emphasis on decentralization isn’t at the expense of security.

According to SKALE, those who build on this platform can run Solidity smart contracts “thousands of times faster at a fraction of the mainnet cost” — with games and content streaming services among the projects that already take advantage of its infrastructure.

SKALE

Storj, pronounced as “storage,” is an open-source cloud storage platform. Basically, it uses a decentralized network of nodes to host user data. The platform also secures hosted data using advanced encryption.

In a white paper published in December,2014, Storj was first introduced to the world as a concept. It was to be a decentralized peer-to-peer encrypted cloud storage platform.

Two years later, an updated white paper was published. Here, a decentralized network  — connecting users who need cloud storage space with those who have hard drive space to sell — was described. The platform was launched in late 2018.

People with hard drive space and good internet connectivity can participate in the network. They become a unit in the network, called a node. Space providers are rewarded by Storj tokens.

Ren (REN) is an open protocol built to provide interoperability and liquidity between different blockchain platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Ren.

Formerly known as Republic Protocol, Ren launched RenVM, its virtual machine mainnet, in May 2020, having completed a $34 million initial coin offering (ICO) in 2018.

The protocol’s native token, REN, functions as a bond for those running nodes which power RenVM, known as Darknodes.

Ren aims to expand the interoperability, and hence accessibility, of decentralized finance (DeFi) by removing hurdles involved in liquidity between blockchains.

LRC is the Ethereum-based cryptocurrency token of Loopring, an open protocol designed for the building of decentralized crypto exchanges.

In 2020, the average daily trading volume of the entire cryptocurrency market fluctuated in the approximate range of $50-$200 million. Most of that trading is conducted on centralized cryptocurrency exchanges — online platforms operated by private companies that store users’ funds and facilitate the matching of buy and sell orders.

Such platforms have a number of downsides common to all of them, so a new type of exchange — decentralized— has emerged to try to alleviate these disadvantages. However, fully decentralized exchanges are not without their own flaws.

Loopring’s purported goal is to combine centralized order matching with decentralized on-blockchain order settlement into a hybridized product that will take the best aspects of both centralized and decentralized exchanges.

LRC tokens became available to the public during an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2017, while the Loopring protocol was first deployed on Ethereum mainnet in December 2019.

Loopring

ZEN is the governance and utility token for Horizen, a zero-knowledge-enabled network of blockchains powered by the largest node infrastructure in the industry. Blockchain interoperability is enabled by the Zendoo protocol, which uses SNARK-verification and allows for complete flexibility in sidechain type, consensus, and speed. Cryptographic verification of networked chains offers massive scale, and the network currently supports up to 10,000 sidechains with a throughput limit of 10,000,000 TPS.

Zendoo makes Horizen a permissionless network of blockchains. Developers can deploy their blockchains within the ecosystem using a variety of SDKs. In 2023, the ecosystem team launched Horizen EON, a public proof-of-stake sidechain and an EVM-compatible smart contracting platform that allows developers to efficiently build and deploy dapps on the Horizen ecosystem, while benefiting from the Ethereum ecosystem. Since going live with Horizen EON, DeFi projects including SpookySwap, Ascent Exchange, and Yuzu have successfully integrated into the Horizen ecosystem. Get started on Horizen EON today!

Horizen's native cryptocurrency, ZEN, is a mineable PoW coin currently trading on major exchanges, including Coinbase and Binance. ZEN can be staked to participate in Horizen's nearly 50,000 full node network.

While ZEN was previously a privacy token, following ZenIP 42204 in June of 2023, the network removed its existing privacy features in favor of moving towards a vision of adaptability and responsible, scalable growth.

Horizen

SushiSwap (SUSHI) is an example of an automated market maker (AMM). An increasingly popular tool among cryptocurrency users, AMMs are decentralized exchanges which use smart contracts to create markets for any given pair of tokens.

SushiSwap launched in September 2020 as a fork of Uniswap, the AMM which has become synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) movement and associated trading boom in DeFi tokens.

SushiSwap aims to diversify the AMM market and also add additional features not previously present on Uniswap, such as increased rewards for network participants via its in-house token, SUSHI.

Yearn.finance is an aggregator service for decentralized finance (DeFi) investors, using automation to allow them to maximize profits from yield farming.

Its goal is to simplify the ever-expanding DeFi space for investors who are not technically minded or who wish to interact in a less committal manner than serious traders.

Launched in February 2020, the service, formerly known as iEarn, has seen huge growth in recent months as new products debuted and developers released in-house token YFI.

yearn.finance

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.

Launched in January 2020, Curve is now synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) phenomenon, and has seen significant growth in the second half of 2020.

In August, Curve launched a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), with CRV as its in-house token. The DAO uses Ethereum-based creation tool Aragon to connect multiple smart contracts used for users’ deposited liquidity. Issues such as governance, however, differ from Aragon in their weighting and other respects.

Curve DAO Token

Cartesi is an app-specific rollup protocol with a virtual machine that runs Linux distributions, creating a richer and broader design space for DApp developers.

Cartesi Rollups offer a modular scaling solution, deployable as L2, L3, or sovereign rollups, while maintaining strong base layer security guarantees.

Cartesi

Decred is Money Evolved.

By combining battle tested Proof-of-Work with an innovative take on Proof-of-Stake that places coin holders in charge of shaping the future, Decred is able to adapt to challenges and innovate at a rapid pace. You acquire influence in Decred by putting “skin in the game”.

Decred’s security, privacy, scalability, and decentralized treasury empower stakeholders and provides them with the tools needed to enhance their financial sovereignty.