## Arweave (AR) คืออะไร?
 
 Arweave เป็นเครือข่าย [การจัดเก็บข้อมูล](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/storage-decentralized) แบบกระจายอำนาจที่พยายามเสนอแพลตฟอร์มสำหรับการจัดเก็บข้อมูลแบบไม่จำกัด [โดยได้อธิบายว่า](https://www.arweave.org/#arweave-intro) ตัวเองเป็น "ฮาร์ดไดรฟ์ที่สามารถเป็นเจ้าของร่วมกันที่ดีที่สุด" เครือข่ายส่วนใหญ่โฮสต์ "permaweb" — ซึ่งเป็นเว็บถาวรแบบกระจายอำนาจพร้อมแอปพลิเคชันและแพลตฟอร์มที่ขับเคลื่อนโดยชุมชนจำนวนมาก
 
 เครือข่าย Arweave ใช้ [คริปโตเคอร์เรนซี](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-cryptocurrencies) พื้นฐาน ที่เรียกว่า AR เพื่อจ่าย "miners" ในการเก็บข้อมูลของเครือข่ายอย่างไม่ไม่จำกัด
 
 โครงการนี้ได้รับการ [ประกาศ](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=2066098) ครั้งแรกในชื่อ Archain เมื่อเดือนสิงหาคม 2017 ภายหลังการ [รีแบรนด์](https://arweave.medium.com/archain-now-known-as-arweave-432f0708eed0) เป็น Arweave ในเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ 2018 และ [เปิด](https://arweave.medium.com/arweave-network-launch-report-b7e7ffac0f75) ตัวอย่างเป็นทางการในเดือนมิถุนายน 2018
 
 ### ใครคือผู้ก่อตั้ง Arweave?
 
 Arweave ก่อตั้งโดย Sam Williams และ William Jones สองผู้สมัครเรียนปริญญาเอกที่มหาวิทยาลัย Kent Williams เข้ามาที่โครงการด้วยประสบการณ์ในระบบแบบกระจายอำนาจและแจกจ่าย โดยได้พัฒนาระบบปฏิบัติการที่เรียกว่า HydrOS ซึ่งเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการศึกษาของเขา ในขณะที่ Jones มุ่งเน้นไปที่ทฤษฎีกราฟและโครงข่าย neural ในขณะที่ Williams ลาออกจากบัณฑิตวิทยาลัยเพื่อมุ่งความสนใจไปที่บริษัท แต่ Jones กลับออกจากโครงการในช่วงต้นกลางปี 2018 และสำเร็จการศึกษาระดับปริญญาเอกในเวลาต่อมา
 
 ตามคำกล่าวของวิลเลียมส์ เขาคิดไอเดียนี้ [ขึ้นมาขณะเดิน](https://cryptosrus.com/interview-with-ceo-sam-williams-and-cto-will-jones-of-archain/) ขึ้นภูเขาในสกอตแลนด์ ต่อมาจึงนำแนวคิดนี้ไปให้โจนส์ ซึ่งเขาได้พัฒนารายละเอียดทางเทคนิคด้วย หลังจากเปิดตัว Arweave ต่อมา Williams ถูกเสนอชื่อเป็นที่ปรึกษาของ Minespider ซึ่งเป็นบริษัทที่ให้บริการซัพพลายเชนบน [บล็อคเชน](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) ที่ใช้ติดตามห่วงโซ่อุปทานชั่นสำหรับอุตสาหกรรมวัตถุดิบ และเขาได้ทำหน้าที่เป็นผู้ให้คำปรึกษาสำหรับโปรแกรม Techstars accelerator อีกด้วย
 
 แม้ว่า Arweave จะก่อตั้งขึ้นด้วยระบบความเป็นผู้นำแบบรวมศูนย์ แต่มันได้ [เปิดตัว](https://arweave.medium.com/the-arca-dao-is-launched-71d59fd79f7) [องค์กรอิสระแบบกระจายอำนาจ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-autonomous-organizations-dao) ในเดือนมกราคม 2020 ซึ่งประกอบด้วยสมาชิกหลักในชุมชน เพื่อการพัฒนาและขยายเครือข่ายและระบบนิเวศต่อไป
 
 ### อะไรที่ทำให้ Arweave ไม่เหมือนใคร?
 
 ตามรายงานจากเอกสารที่เผยแพร่ Arweave [พยายามที่](https://www.arweave.org/yellow-paper.pdf) จะทำให้มั่นใจว่ามี "ความสามารถในการรวบรวมและแบ่งปันข้อมูลระหว่างบุคคลและส่งต่อไปยังคนรุ่นใหม่" เพื่อให้บรรลุเป้าหมายนี้ permaweb ซึ่งเป็นผลิตภัณฑ์หลักของมันถูกสร้างขึ้นบน "blockweave" ของ Arweave ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบของเทคโนโลยีบล็อคเชนที่แต่ละบล็อกจะเชื่อมโยงกับทั้งบล็อกก่อนหน้าและบล็อกที่สุ่มมาจากก่อนหน้า Arweave กล่าวว่าสิ่งนี้จูงใจนักขุดให้ทำการเก็บข้อมูลมากขึ้น เพราะพวกเขาจำเป็นต้องสามารถเข้าถึงบล็อกก่อนหน้าแบบสุ่มเพื่อเพิ่มบล็อกใหม่และรับรางวัล
 
 Arweave มุ่งเน้นที่การสร้างระบบนิเวศที่ยั่งยืนทั่วทั้งเครือข่าย ในเดือนมิถุนายน 2020 ได้ [เปิดตัว](https://arweave.medium.com/profit-sharing-tokens-a-new-incentivization-mechanism-for-an-open-web-1f2532411d6e) "โทเค็นการแบ่งปันผลกำไร" ซึ่งช่วยให้นักพัฒนาได้รับเงินปันผลเมื่อมีการสร้างค่าธรรมเนียมการทำธุรกรรมเครือข่ายจากแอปพลิเคชันของตน และ [โฮสต์](https://arweave.medium.com/launching-the-first-open-web-incubator-100-000-available-for-investment-in-profit-sharing-tokens-644a5a22ee25) โครงการบ่มเพาะเพื่อรองรับการสร้างแอปบน Permaweb โครงการนี้ยังทำงานร่วมกับสตาร์ทอัพผ่านโปรแกรม "Boost" [ซึ่งให้](https://arweave.medium.com/announcing-arweave-boost-support-to-help-your-startup-thrive-b4750410e885) พื้นที่สำหรับเก็บข้อมูลฟรีและเข้าถึงทีม Arweave และนักลงทุนในอุตสาหกรรมได้
 
 ในเดือนมีนาคม 2020 Arweave [ประกาศ](https://arweave.medium.com/arweave-announces-new-funding-from-andreessen-horowitz-usv-and-coinbase-ventures-30a1fde3d8c5) ว่าได้รับเงินทุน 8.3 ล้านดอลลาร์จาก Andreessen Horowitz, Union Square Ventures และ Coinbase Ventures ตามมาด้วย [การลงทุน](https://arweave.medium.com/welcoming-a16z-crypto-union-square-ventures-and-multicoin-capital-to-the-arweave-community-56ccc9f98ff3) เมื่อต้นเดือนพฤศจิกายน 2019 จาก Andreessen Horowitz และ Union Square Ventures รวมถึง Multicoin Capital
 
 #### หน้าที่เกี่ยวข้อง:
 
 เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับ [Filecoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/filecoin/) ซึ่งเป็นเครือข่ายการจัดเก็บข้อมูลแบบแจกจ่ายจากผู้สร้างระบบไฟล์ InterPlanetary
 
 เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับ [Siacoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/siacoin/) คริปโตเคอร์เรนซีดั้งเดิมของ Sia ซึ่งเป็นเครือข่ายการจัดเก็บบนคลาวด์
 
 ต้องการทราบข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับการจัดเก็บข้อมูลแบบกระจายศูนย์หรือไม่ [อ่านเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/5-things-that-decentralized-storage-aims-to-fix) สิ่งที่ทำให้ Alexandria ประสบความสำเร็จในการเป็นแหล่งข้อมูลการศึกษาออนไลน์ของ CoinMarketCap
 
 ติดตามข่าวสารล่าสุดเกี่ยวกับนวัตกรรมทางเทคโนโลยีที่นำเสนอโดยบล็อคเชนด้วย [CoinMarketCap Blog](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/)
 
 ### มีเหรียญ Arweave (AR) หมุนเวียนอยู่กี่เหรียญ?
 
 ตามที่เอกสารระบุ Arweave มีอุปทานโทเค็นสูงสุด 66 ล้านโทเค็น โดยที่ 55 ล้านโทเค็นถูกสร้างขึ้นเมื่อบล็อกของ blockweave ถูกสร้างขึ้นในเดือนมิถุนายน 2018 และจะมีการเพิ่มอีก 11 ล้านโทเค็นเพื่อเป็นรางวัลของบล็อก
 
 Arweave จัดงาน pre-sale โทเค็นในเดือนสิงหาคม 2017 โดยมีการขาย 10.8% ของอุปทานโทเค็นที่สร้างขึ้นครั้งแรก และการขายต่อสาธารณะสองครั้ง [เสร็จสมบูรณ์](https://arweave.medium.com/announcing-the-arweave-community-token-sale-part-two-28f2b37c73d6) ในเดือนพฤษภาคม 2018 และมิถุนายน 2018 ซึ่งขายได้ 7.1% และ 1.1% ของอุปทานตามลำดับ. บริษัท [จัดสรร](https://icoanalytics.medium.com/%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80-ico-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0-arweave-5f4a1a42d333) โทเค็นเพิ่มเติม 19.5% สำหรับการขายส่วนตัว, 2.9% สำหรับที่ปรึกษาโครงการ, 13% สำหรับทีมงาน (ซึ่งจะถูกล็อค 5 ปี โดยมีการปล่อย 20% ต่อปี), 19.1% สำหรับการพัฒนาระบบนิเวศและ 26.5% สำหรับการใช้งานของโครงการในอนาคต (ซึ่งจะถูกล็อค 5 ปี โดยมีการปล่อย 20% ต่อปี)
 
 ### เครือข่าย Arweave มีความปลอดภัยอย่างไร?
 
 เครือข่าย Arweave สร้างขึ้นจากเทคโนโลยีบล็อคเชนเวอร์ชันที่มีการดัดแปลงที่เรียกว่า "blockweave" ซึ่งใช้อัลกอริธึม [ฉันทามติ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus) แบบ "proof-of-access" ซึ่งเป็นเวอร์ชันที่แก้ไขแล้วของ [proof-of-work](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake) ด้วย PoA บล็อกใหม่แต่ละบล็อกไม่เพียงแต่สามารถเชื่อมโยงกับบล็อกก่อนหน้าได้ทันที แต่ยังเชื่อมโยงกับบล็อกก่อนหน้าแบบสุ่มได้ด้วย และทั้งสองบล็อกจะถูกแฮชเพื่อสร้างบล็อกใหม่ต่อไป นักขุดไม่จำเป็นต้องจัดเก็บบล็อคเชนทั้งหมด แต่พวกเขาได้รับแรงจูงใจให้จัดเก็บข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเพื่อพิสูจน์ว่าพวกเขาสามารถเข้าถึงบล็อคเก่าที่จำเป็นสำหรับการขุดบล็อคใหม่ได้
 
 โปรโตคอลการขุดที่ใช้โดย Arweave, RandomX ได้รับการ [ตรวจสอบ](https://ostif.org/four-audits-of-randomx-for-monero-and-arweave-have-been-completed-results/) เรียบร้อยแล้วโดยบริษัทรักษาความปลอดภัยทางไซเบอร์ 4 แห่ง ได้แก่ Trail of Bits, Kudelski Security, X41 D-Sec และ QuarksLab ในเดือนสิงหาคม 2019 โครงการวางแผนที่จะใช้อัลกอริธึมการขุดแบบใหม่ โดยเริ่มต้นในต้นปี 2021 ที่รู้จักกันในชื่อ SPoRA ซึ่ง [กล่าวว่า](https://twitter.com/ArweaveTeam/status/1338600305643167745) ได้รับการตรวจสอบโดย NCC Group ในเดือนธันวาคม 2020
 
 ### คุณสามารถซื้อ Arweave (AR) ได้จากที่ไหน?
 
 สามารถซื้อ AR ได้จากตัวกลางการแลกเปลี่ยนคริปโตเคอร์เรนซี เช่น [MXC.COM](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/mxc/), [Bilaxy](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/bilaxy/), [Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/huobi-global/) และ [Hoo](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/exchanges/hoo/) เป็นต้น มันสามารถซื้อขายกับ Stablecoin Tether ([USDT](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/tether/)) เช่นเดียวกับ [บิทคอยน์](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/bitcoin) (BTC) และ [Ether](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/ethereum) (ETH)
 
 คุณสนใจที่จะซื้อ AKRO หรือคริปโตเคอร์เรนซีอื่น ๆ เช่น [บิทคอยน์](https://coinmarketcap.com/th/currencies/bitcoin) หรือไม่? CoinMarketCap มี [คำแนะนำทีละขั้นตอน](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) แบบง่าย ๆ ที่จะสอนคุณเกี่ยวกับคริปโตและวิธีการซื้อเหรียญแรกของคุณ
 
 นี่คือบทความอื่น ๆ ที่คุณอาจสนใจ:
 
 * [คริปโตฟอเซ็ต (Crypto Faucet) คืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
 * [บัตรเดบิตคริปโตคืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
 * [Web 3.0 คืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
 * [การฟาร์มผลตอบแทนคืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
 * [การให้ยืมคริปโต (Crypto Lending) คืออะไร?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

A Deep Dive Into DePin (Decentralized Physical Infrastructure)

Technical Analysis: Internet Computer (ICP), Arweave (AR), and Flux (FLUX) Price Prediction

Binance

Arweave

Ledger

THORChain is a decentralized liquidity protocol that allows users to easily exchange cryptocurrency assets across a range of networks including Bitcoin and Ethereum without losing full custody of their assets in the process.

With THORChain, users can simply swap one asset for another in a permissionless setting, without needing to rely on order books to source liquidity. Instead, market prices are maintained through the ratio of assets in a pool (see automated market maker.

The native utility token of the THORChain platform is RUNE. This is used as the base currency in the THORChain ecosystem and is also used for platform governance and security as part of THORChain's Sybil resistance mechanisms — since THORChain nodes must commit a minimum of 300k RUNE to participate in its rotating consensus process.

THORChain was funded through an initial DEX offering (IDO) which launched through the Binance DEX in July 2019. Its single-chain chaosnet launched in April 2021, the multi-chain upgrade was launched in April 2021 and Mainnet is now live as of Jun 2022..
Learn more here

THORChain

RenderToken (RNDR) is a distributed GPU rendering network built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, aiming to connect artists and studios in need of GPU compute power with mining partners willing to rent their GPU capabilities out. Conceived in 2009 by OTOY, inc. CEO Jules Urbach and launched in 2017, RNDR held its first public token sale in October of that same year, followed by a private sale period lasting from January 2018 – May 2018, wherein a total of 117,843,239 RNDR were sold at a price of 1 RNDR = $0.25 USD equivalent of token.
During the private sale period, early adopters were onboarded onto the RNDR Beta Testnet, where beta node operators and artists worked collaboratively with the RNDR team in building and testing the network, up until its public launch on April 27th 2020.

Render

Immutable positions itself as the first layer-two scaling solution for NFTs on Ethereum. According to Immutable, its blockchain does away with Ethereum’s limitations like low scalability, a poor user experience, illiquidity, and a slow developer experience. Instead, users benefit from instant trading and massive scalability while enjoying zero gas fees for minting and trading NFTs without compromising user or asset security.

Thanks to this technology, users will be able to create and distribute assets like ERC-20 and ERC-721 tokens on a massive scale. Chris Clay, the game Director of Gods Unchained, a project already building on Immutable, stated that Immutable allows Gods Unchained to implement a new meta-system that was previously impossible. In this fashion, Immutable aims to create a world-class experience for users and developers alike.

Immutable

Injective is a blockchain built for finance. It is an open, interoperable layer-one blockchain powering next-generation DeFi applications, including decentralized spot and derivatives exchanges, prediction markets, lending protocols and more.

Injective uniquely provides powerful core financial infrastructure primitives that applications can leverage, including a fully decentralized MEV-resistant on-chain orderbook. In addition, all forms of financial markets such as spot, perpetual, futures and options are fully on-chain. The decentralized cross-chain bridging infrastructure is compatible with Ethereum, IBC-enabled blockchains, and non EVM chains such as Solana.

Injective also provides a next-generation, highly interoperable smart contract platform based on CosmWasm, with advanced interchain capabilities. Injective is custom built with the Cosmos SDK and utilizes Tendermint-based Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism, providing instant transaction finality with the ability to sustain lightning-fast performance (10,000+ TPS).

The Injective ecosystem includes 100+ projects and over 150,000 community members globally. Injective is backed by a group of prominent investors such as Binance, Pantera Capital, Jump Crypto and Mark Cuban.

Injective’s core exchange module provides state-of-the-art capabilities including an advanced on-chain order book and matching engine for spot, perpetual, futures and options markets, resistance to Miner-Extractable Value (MEV) through frequent batch auction order matching, and zero gas fees for users.

Injective natively uses IBC and is highly-interoperable with multiple layer 1s, including, but not limited to, Polygon and Solana (through an upcoming Wormhole integration). It is also uniquely built to be interoperable with Ethereum, through its own decentralized ERC-20 token bridge, making Injective the first network within the Cosmos ecosystem to natively support Ethereum assets.

Smart contracts are implemented on Injective through CosmWasm, allowing for multi-chain smart contract transactions to occur seamlessly. Injective, however, is the only blockchain that enables automatic smart contract execution. This capability serves as a powerful building block for developers to create novel use cases that would not be possible on any other chain.

The use cases intended for INJ include but are not limited to: protocol governance, dApp value capture, Proof-of-Stake (PoS) security, developer incentives and staking. Further details regarding each of these use cases can be found below:

Protocol Governance: The INJ token governs every single component of Injective, including chain upgrades. Since its mainnet launch, the Injective community has actively contributed to governance, with all proposals passing through a DAO governance vote. The comprehensive governance page is available here.

Protocol Fee Value Capture: 60% of all fees generated from dApps enter an on-chain buy-back-and-burn auction to maintain the deflationary nature of INJ. The burn auction page is available here.

Tendermint-based Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Security: INJ is used to secure the Injective blockchain using a proof-of-stake mechanism. Validators and delegators can both participate in staking.

Developer Incentives: 40% of fees generated by users on dApps built on Injective go directly towards incentivizing new developers building on Injective which brings an ever growing funnel of builders to Injective.

Injective

Akash Network

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.

Filecoin

Fantom is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) smart contract platform providing decentralized finance (DeFi) services to developers using its own bespoke consensus algorithm.

Together with its in-house token FTM, Fantom aims to solve problems associated with smart-contract platforms, specifically transaction speed, which developers say they have reduced to under two seconds.

The Fantom Foundation, which oversees the Fantom product offering, was originally created in 2018, with the launch of OPERA, Fantom’s mainnet, coming in December 2019.

Fantom is an open-source decentralized smart contract platform for DApps and digital assets that was created as an alternative to Ethereum. Fantom has the goal of overcoming the limitations of previous generation blockchains and balancing three components: scalability, security and decentralization. The project offers a set of tools to simplify the process of integrating existing DApps, as well as a detailed staking reward system and built-in DeFi instruments.

Fantom is a Layer-1 blockchain that uses a scratch-built consensus mechanism and independent consensus layer, Lachesis, to facilitate DeFi and related services on the basis of smart contracts. Lachesis provides security for other layers as well, including Opera, Fantom's EVM-compatible smart contract chain. The long-playing mission of the project is to “grant compatibility between all transaction bodies around the world.”

One of Fantom's key strengths is its performance and efficient transaction processing, namely thousands of transactions per second, where transactions are settled in 1-2 seconds, and the cost is fractions of a cent per transaction. As a result, Fantom provides higher scalability but at a lower cost.

The ecosystem is based on two main technologies: Lachesis protocol and Opera.

The Lachesis protocol is the core consensus layer that secures the Fantom network by providing both transaction speed and security.

Lachesis is an aBFT consensus engine that uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG) algorithm. How it works: network data can be processed at different times, and the network filters the participants, allowing only one third, which are allocated due to erroneous or malicious behavior, without compromising network processes.

Fantom's Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (aBFT) Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism maintains the efficiency of the entire network, its design provides security at maximum speed. Fantom developers emphasize that the PoS mechanism is a leaderless phenomenon — there are no leaders of blocks and participants, and anyone can join (or leave) the network of nodes at a convenient moment.

The key qualities of Lachesis are: asynchronous, leaderless, Byzantine fault-tolerant, and near-instant finality.

As for Opera, it's an application development layer or Fantom's mainnet deployment platform, permissionless and open-source hosting DApps. Thanks to EVM integration and support for the Solidity programming language, Fantom has a full set of smart contract capabilities, which allows users to seamlessly interact with Ethereum platforms while maintaining the advantage of Fantom's transaction efficiency.

The Fantom Foundation concluded that removing block leaders improves network security, so Opera uses a PoS model and leaderless validators (validators do not determine which blocks are valid).

In addition to being a fast, secure and cheap payment platform that enables to make fast and secure payments at minimal cost, Fantom also features on-chain governance where users vote with FTM tokens (one token equals one vote). Of the features: users have the right to express the degree of agreement / disagreement on a scale from 0 to 4.

FTM is the native utility in-house PoS token of Fantom that powers the ecosystem and is applied for payments, network fees, staking, and governance. FTM forms the backbone of transactions, and allows fee collection and staking activities, along with the user rewards the latter represents.

Fantom

NEAR Protocol is a layer-one blockchain that was designed as a community-run cloud computing platform and that eliminates some of the limitations that have been bogging competing blockchains, such as low transaction speeds, low throughput and poor interoperability. This provides the ideal environment for DApps and creates a developer and user-friendly platform. For instance, NEAR uses human-readable account names, unlike the cryptographic wallet addresses common to Ethereum. NEAR also introduces unique solutions to scaling problems and has its own consensus mechanism called “Doomslug.”

NEAR Protocol is being built by the NEAR Collective, its community that is updating the initial code and releasing updates to the ecosystem. Its declared goal is to build a platform that is “secure enough to manage high value assets like money or identity and performant enough to make them useful for everyday people.”

Flux, a protocol that allows developers to create markets based on assets, commodities, real-world events, and Mintbase, an NFT minting platform are examples of projects being built on NEAR Protocol.

NEAR Protocol

Helium (HNT) is a decentralized blockchain-powered network for Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

Launched in July 2019, the Helium mainnet allows low-powered wireless devices to communicate with each other and send data across its network of nodes.

Nodes come in the form of so-called Hotspots, which are a combination of a wireless gateway and a blockchain mining device. Users who operate nodes thus mine and earn rewards in Helium’s native cryptocurrency token, HNT.

Helium’s goal is to prepare IoT communication for the future, identifying inadequacies in current infrastructure from its birth in 2013.

Helium

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Stacks is a Bitcoin Layer for smart contracts; it enables smart contracts and decentralized applications to use Bitcoin as an asset and settle transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin is the largest, most valuable, and most durable decentralized asset. The Stacks layer unlocks $500B in BTC capital using the Bitcoin L1 as settlement for decentralized applications.

Stacks has knowledge of the full Bitcoin state, thanks to its Proof of Transfer consensus and Clarity language, enabling it to read from Bitcoin at any time.

All transactions on the Stacks layer are automatically hashed and settled on the Bitcoin L1. Stacks blocks are secured by 100% Bitcoin hashpower. In order to re-order Stacks blocks/transactions, an attacker would have to reorg Bitcoin.

Stacks

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

Chainlink

Founded in 2017 and launched via IEO on Binance in March 2019, Fetch.AI is an artificial intelligence (AI) lab building an open, permissionless, decentralized machine learning network with a crypto economy. Fetch.ai democratizes access to AI technology with a permissionless network upon which anyone can connect and access secure datasets by using autonomous AI to execute tasks that leverage its global network of data. The Fetch.AI model is rooted in  use cases like optimizing DeFi trading services, transportation networks (parking, micromobility), smart energy grids, travel — essentially any complex digital system that relies on large-scale datasets.

Fetch.ai

Theta Network

Avalanche is a layer one blockchain that functions as a platform for decentralized applications and custom blockchain networks. It is one of Ethereum’s rivals, aiming to unseat Ethereum as the most popular blockchain for smart contracts. It aims to do so by having a higher transaction output of up to 6,500 transactions per second while not compromising scalability.

This is made possible by Avalanche’s unique architecture. The Avalanche network consists of three individual blockchains: the X-Chain, C-Chain and P-Chain. Each chain has a distinct purpose, which is radically different from the approach Bitcoin and Ethereum use, namely having all nodes validate all transactions. Avalanche blockchains even use different consensus mechanisms based on their use cases.

After its mainnet launch in 2020, Avalanche has worked on developing its own ecosystem of DApps and DeFi. Different Ethereum-based projects such as SushiSwap and TrueUSD have integrated with Avalanche. Furthermore, the platform is constantly working on improving interoperability between its own ecosystem and Ethereum, like through the development of bridges.

Avalanche

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Ocean Protocol

SingularityNET is a blockchain-powered platform that allows anybody to easily "create, share, and monetize" AI services, thanks to its globally-accessible AI marketplace.

Through the SingularityNET marketplace, users can browse, test and purchase a huge variety of AI services using the platform’s native utility token — AGIX. Moreover, the marketplace represents an outlet AI developers can use to publish and sell their AI tools, and easily track their performance.

With the benefits of LLMs and generative AI are increasingly exciting, their limitations are also becoming increasingly apparent. The convergence of structured knowledge with neural networks is emerging as the key to overcoming their shortcomings.

Uniquely positioned at the heart of this convergence, SingularityNET will prioritize the integration of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) and comprehensive Neural Symbolic tools for LLMs, with the goal of empowering developers to create the next generation of AI systems on the SingularityNET Platform.

SingularityNET is strategically positioned to become the Knowledge Layer of the Internet, leading the evolution of the emerging AI landscape while also laying the foundations for the Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) of tomorrow.

The team behind SingularityNET pioneered the development of an AI known as Sophia, which is described as the "world's most expressive robot". SingularityNET’s goal is to enable Sophia to be able to fully understand human language, and continue developing “OpenCog” — an AI framework that is hoped to eventually achieve a state known as “advanced general intelligence,” i.e. human-level artificial intelligence (or beyond).

The platform was first announced in 2017 and completed an initial coin offering (ICO) in December the same year, raising $36 million in just one minute.

SingularityNET

Aave

Gala is a web3 ecosystem powered by a layer-1 blockchain (GalaChain) built to power the Gala entertainment ecosystem that originally included Gala Games, Gala Music and Gala Film. More recently however, GalaChain has opened its doors to external developers and projects from any applicable industry, providing open source developer resources to simplify the process.

On a mission to empower users and creators across multiple industries throughout the world, Gala’s goal is to become the first billion user blockchain in the world. Innovators can extend the benefits of web3 to their users and communities more easily than ever before by leveraging open source tools like the GalaChain SDK and Creator Portal.

By elevating their ideas to web3 through GalaChain, developers can create custom tokens, smart contracts, reward opportunities and node networks for their communities and projects. Assets built on GalaChain can also be bridged to other blockchains, such as Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain and more. Developers who wish to learn more about getting involved with GalaChain are welcome to reach out via GalaChain.com.

The core of GalaChain is powered by its DePIN (Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network) of Founder’s Nodes, whose operators earn daily $GALA rewards for actively providing resources to the ecosystem and enjoy governance voting rights on certain core Gala decisions. In addition to the Founder’s Node network’s foundational workload, individual projects can also create Node networks on GalaChain with more specific workloads.

Gala.com
News.Gala.com
Games.Gala.com
Music.Gala.com
Film.Gala.com