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Solana

Ethereum

<p>Solana staking currently brings you around 4.96 percent a year if your validator takes the usual commission of 5 percent. That figure appears in no advertisement; it follows from two quantities the network publishes itself: the issuance of new SOL currently stands at 3.59 percent a year, and 68.7 percent of all SOL are staked. Whoever splits the reward among fewer participants gets more per head, and that is exactly where the yield comes from.</p>
<p>This article takes you through the procedure and shows the figures that actually stood in the network on Sunday morning: 665 active validators, 25 of them delinquent, a median commission of 5 percent and an epoch currently lasting a good 25 hours. That epoch length determines how long you wait for the first reward and for a withdrawal. Where the price stands and which levels analysts name is set out in our <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/prediction/solana-price-prediction/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Solana price prediction</a>; here it is about the mechanics.</p>
<h2 id="solana-staking-in-one-sentence-delegate-the-stake-share-the-block-reward">Solana staking in one sentence: delegate the stake, share the block reward</h2>
<p>Solana secures itself with proof of stake. Anyone wanting to propose and confirm blocks needs voting weight, and voting weight arises from deposited SOL. Because very few retail investors run a computer of their own for it, there is delegation: you transfer the voting weight of your SOL to a validator and receive a share of the reward it collects for it.</p>
<p>What matters is what does not happen in the process. Your SOL do not leave your wallet and do not pass into the validator's ownership. The coins sit in a stake account of which you remain the owner, and the voting right merely points at the validator. It can neither spend nor lend the coins. What it can do is work sloppily, and that costs you yield. The terms and account types are described in the <a href="https://solana.com/docs/references/staking" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Solana documentation on staking</a>.</p>
<p>One peculiarity compared with Ethereum: Solana knows no penalty deductions from the deposited amount. Whoever makes a mistake on Ethereum loses part of their stake; on Solana the stake stays untouched, and negligence comes through only as rewards that fail to arrive. How that looks on Ethereum and which yields stand there is something we have written up in our <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/ethereum-staking-provider-yield/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">comparison of Ethereum staking providers</a>.</p>
<h2 id="the-calculation-behind-the-yield-issuance-divided-by-the-staking-rate">The calculation behind the yield: issuance divided by the staking rate</h2>
<p>The formula is simpler than the marketing pages suggest. The network issues a fixed share of new SOL per year, and that quantity is distributed in full among the stakers. If half of all coins were staked, each staker would receive twice the issuance rate. If all coins were staked, each would receive exactly the issuance rate.</p>
<p>On Sunday morning the issuance rate stood at 3.587 percent and the staking rate at 68.66 percent of total supply. That gives 5.22 percent gross, before the validator takes its share. At the median commission of 5 percent, 4.96 percent remains. With a validator charging no commission it would be 5.22 percent, with one charging 10 percent still 4.70 percent.</p>
<p>The second calculation is the uncomfortable one. If the network issues 3.59 percent new coins a year and you receive 5.22 percent, your share of the whole network grows only by the difference, that is by around 1.6 percent. The remaining 3.59 percent merely offsets the dilution. Whoever does not stake loses just under 3.6 percent of their relative share in a year; whoever stakes gains a good one and a half percent. Neither has anything to do with the price.</p>
<figure><img src="https://cryptoticker-strapi-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/solana_staking_anleitung_provision_5fd23f5973.webp" alt="Y-shaped steel pipe splitter: a narrower pipe branches off a wide main pipe, granulate trickling from both into two metal bowls filled to unequal levels" width="1920" height="1080">
 <figcaption>
  The commission branches off the return before the rest reaches the delegator: at 5 percent, 5.22 becomes 4.96 percent.
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 id="3-59-percent-issuance-where-the-reward-comes-from-in-the-first-place">3.59 percent issuance: where the reward comes from in the first place</h2>
<p>The issuance of new SOL began on February 10, 2021 at 8 percent a year and has since fallen by 15 percent of the respective previous year's value, until a floor is reached at 1.5 percent. That is how it is set out in the <a href="https://solana.com/staking" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">documentation on the issuance schedule</a>. Today's 3.587 percent is therefore an intermediate step on a predetermined curve: extend the factor and the rate stands at about 3.05 percent in a year and at around 2.6 percent in two. If the staking rate does not rise in the same time, the yield falls in the same proportion.</p>
<p>On top of that comes a second source of income that is usually missing from yield figures: transaction fees and priority fees. Part of them goes to the validator producing the block, and large validators pass some of this income on. In times of high network load that can lift the yield by a fraction of a percentage point; in quiet weeks it is barely noticeable. For planning, rely on the issuance rate, not on fee spikes.</p>
<p>What otherwise defines Solana as a network, from the block time to the supply structure, is set out in our overview of <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/what-is-solana-profile/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">what Solana is and how the blockchain behind SOL works</a>.</p>
<h2 id="68-7-percent-of-all-sol-are-staked-the-consequences-for-the-yield">68.7 percent of all SOL are staked: the consequences for the yield</h2>
<p>Of a total supply of 636,396,109 SOL, 436,976,347 SOL were active as voting weight on Sunday morning. That is 68.66 percent of total supply and 74.09 percent of the freely circulating supply. Both figures belong side by side, because comparison sites name sometimes the one and sometimes the other, which leads to yield figures half a percentage point apart.</p>
<p>The movement is the interesting part. On October 9 the rate stood at 74.6 percent of the circulating supply, as we recorded at the time in our <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/solana-staking-rate-validators-blocking-minority-october-2026/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">analysis of the Solana staking rate</a>. Two weeks later it is 74.09 percent, that is half a percentage point less. For you as a staker that direction works: the fewer coins take part, the larger the share per unit. A rate of 74 instead of 76 percent lifts the gross yield by about 0.15 percentage points.</p>
<p>A high rate has a second side that is rarely written about. Two thirds of the supply sits in stake accounts with a deactivation period and is therefore not immediately available on the market. That supports the price in quiet phases. In a slump the effect reverses: whoever wants out must first wait for the network's rhythm, and the sales hit the market with a delay and in a bundle.</p>
<h2 id="the-validator-commission-decides-median-5-percent-63-take-everything">The validator commission decides: median 5 percent, 63 take everything</h2>
<p>Every validator sets for itself what share of the reward it keeps. Among the 665 active validators, the commission on Sunday morning was 5 percent at the median. 267 validators took precisely those 5 percent, 228 charged nothing at all, 29 took 10 percent. And 63 validators stood at 100 percent, keeping the entire reward.</p>
<p>Those 63 are not a fraud, but they are a trap. Behind a commission of 100 percent there are usually arrangements in which the operator serves its own stake, or providers that distribute their returns by other routes. Whoever delegates there without checking receives zero yield while the voting weight counts. The commission appears in every serious validator overview; look before you delegate, not afterwards.</p>
<p>The converse does not hold, though. A validator at 0 percent is not automatically the best choice, because without income there is no money for proper hardware and standby. Downtime costs you more than a commission of 5 percent. Which providers deliver staking as a finished product with an interface and statements is compared in our <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/comparison/best-staking-rewards-platforms/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">comparison of staking platforms</a>.</p>
<h2 id="665-validators-18-hold-a-third-why-the-choice-is-also-political">665 validators, 18 hold a third: why the choice is also political</h2>
<p>Solana had 665 active and 25 delinquent validators on Sunday morning. The distribution is markedly more uneven than the total number suggests: the 18 largest together hold a third of the entire voting weight, the 40 largest half of it. A third is the threshold from which a group can block decisions of the network.</p>
<p>From that follows a choice that goes beyond your yield. Whoever delegates to one of the largest validators reinforces that concentration; whoever delegates to a smaller one with good standby spreads the weight. The yield is almost identical either way, because the reward is distributed in proportion to the stake and not to the size of the validator. The difference lies solely in the commission and in the downtime.</p>
<p>Public validator lists with commission, delinquency rate and stake distribution are there for checking. Three metrics are enough for a decision: a commission below 10 percent, no outages in the last epochs, and a stake share below one percent of the network.</p>
<figure><img src="https://cryptoticker-strapi-media.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/solana_staking_anleitung_epoche_2d593df9f8.webp" alt="Large open gear train of brass and steel, interlocking toothed rings, one of them bearing a single marking notch" width="1920" height="1080">
 <figcaption>
  Reward, activation and withdrawal follow the same rhythm on Solana: the epoch, currently lasting a good 25 hours.
 </figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 id="an-epoch-lasts-a-good-25-hours-the-rhythm-for-reward-and-withdrawal">An epoch lasts a good 25 hours: the rhythm for reward and withdrawal</h2>
<p>An epoch on Solana comprises 432,000 slots. How long that takes in hours depends on how fast the network works through the slots, and that value fluctuates. Frequently read figures of two to three days stem from earlier years. By our calculation the current epoch was running at 212 milliseconds per slot; the preceding epoch lasted 91,673 seconds in full, that is 25 hours and 28 minutes. Two separate routes, the same result.</p>
<p>In practice that means three things. First: if you delegate, your stake only becomes active with the next epoch, so you wait at most about a day for the start. Second: rewards are credited at the epoch change, not continuously. Third: if you deactivate, the stake becomes inactive at the next epoch change and is only freely available after that. The several days of waiting often quoted do not apply at the current network speed.</p>
<p>For planning that means: between the decision to sell and the available balance there is as a rule less than a day, in the worst case just under two. Anyone wanting to act at short notice should keep part of the holding unstaked rather than wait for the epoch change.</p>
<h2 id="from-purchase-to-stake-where-that-works-from-germany">From purchase to stake: where that works from Germany</h2>
<p>There are two routes, and they differ in effort as much as in risk. The convenient one runs via an exchange: you buy SOL, activate the staking function in your account and have the reward credited automatically. The exchange chooses the validator, keeps part of the return and holds the coins in custody. Since January 1, 2026 only providers authorised under the European regulation on markets in crypto-assets may provide such services to retail customers in Germany.</p>
<p>The second route is delegating from your own wallet. You transfer the SOL to a wallet that supports Solana, create a stake account there and choose the validator yourself. The advantage: the coins stay in your hands, you know the commission, and the exchange's counterparty risk falls away. The price is taking responsibility for the access key and a few minutes of setup.</p>
<p>A practical note on costs: every action on Solana costs a network fee in the range of fractions of a cent, and a stake account ties up a small deposit of SOL that you get back when closing it. Below around 20 euros the effort is out of proportion to the return, because 5 percent on 20 euros is one euro a year.</p>
<h2 id="native-staking-against-liquid-staking-the-difference-in-risk">Native staking against liquid staking: the difference in risk</h2>
<p>With native staking your stake stays tied up until you deactivate it. With liquid staking you put SOL into a pool and receive a tradeable claim certificate in return, which gains in value against SOL over time. Well-known variants are JitoSOL and mSOL. The appeal lies in the fact that this certificate remains tradeable and can be deployed in other applications while the reward keeps running.</p>
<p>In return, two risks are added that do not exist with native staking. First, the programme risk: the pool is software, and software can have bugs or be attacked. Second, the deviation risk: the claim certificate is traded on the market and can quote below its calculated value, particularly in nervous phases in which many want out at once.</p>
<p>On the return the difference is small. Liquid staking pools usually take a fee of their own on the reward, which on balance leads to a net yield similar to a validator with a moderate commission. Whoever does not want to put the claim certificate to further use is therefore paying for the two additional risks without getting anything in return.</p>
<h2 id="what-can-go-wrong-outages-price-losses-and-the-deactivation-period">What can go wrong: outages, price losses and the deactivation period</h2>
<p>The biggest risk does not sit in the staking but in the price. SOL was quoted at $102.38 on Sunday morning, and thus 65.1 percent below the record of $293.31 of January 19, 2025. Over twelve months the value is down 47.1 percent, over 30 days down 12.5 percent. A yield of 4.96 percent a year catches none of that. A total loss is possible with a crypto-asset.</p>
<p>The second risk is outages. 25 of the 690 validators were marked delinquent on Sunday morning, but together they held only around 215,000 SOL, a fraction of the total stake. Whoever has delegated to a delinquent validator earns nothing during that time; the stake stays untouched, because Solana knows no penalty deductions from the deposited amount. Check your validator's standby once a month and such a thing will come to light in good time.</p>
<p>The third risk is timing. Tied-up coins cannot be sold immediately, and on Solana the epoch change stands between decision and execution. At a good 25 hours per epoch that period is short, but it bites precisely when prices are falling fast.</p>
<h2 id="tax-in-germany-staking-income-as-other-income">Tax in Germany: staking income as other income</h2>
<p>Two separate rules apply to the reward and to the staked coins, and many people confuse them. The reward itself is taxable when received, as a rule as income from other services under section 22 number 3 of the German Income Tax Act, at the price on the day of the credit. A threshold of 256 euros a year applies to it: stay below and nothing falls due; exceed it and the entire amount is taxable.</p>
<p>The staked SOL themselves are treated by the tax office like purchased coins, as another asset with a one-year holding period. Delegating does not reset that period, and the extension to ten years for staked coins once discussed is off the table. On the current state of the political debate about the holding period, we have put together the <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/crypto-holding-period-reform-status/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">state of the reform</a>.</p>
<p>The effort lies in the documentation. Every epoch produces a credit, so at a rhythm of a good 25 hours about 344 individual entries a year, each with its own price. That cannot be kept by hand. Which programmes read in staking credits per epoch and value them at daily prices is shown by our <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/comparison/crypto-tax-software/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">comparison of crypto tax tools</a>. This is not tax advice; with larger amounts the case belongs in expert hands.</p>
<h2 id="solana-staking-at-5-percent-commission-4-96-percent-a-year-remains">Solana staking: at 5 percent commission, 4.96 percent a year remains</h2>
<p>The yield follows from 3.587 percent issuance divided by a staking rate of 68.66 percent, giving 5.22 percent gross and, after the usual commission, 4.96 percent net. The share of the network grows by around 1.6 percent in the process, the rest offsets the dilution. This is how to proceed, in order:</p>
<ol>
 <li><strong>Obtain SOL and settle the route.</strong> Buy from a provider with EU authorisation and decide there whether the holding stays put or moves to a wallet of your own. Fees, spreads and deposit routes are set out in the <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/comparison/exchange-comparison/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">overview of crypto exchanges</a>.</li>
 <li><strong>Select a validator or platform.</strong> Watch for a commission below 10 percent, no outages in the last epochs and a stake share below one percent of the network. Finished products with an interface and statements are compared in the <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/comparison/best-staking-rewards-platforms/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">overview of staking platforms</a>.</li>
 <li><strong>Set up records before the first credit arrives.</strong> Every epoch produces a tax entry of its own, around 344 a year. Set up the records before delegating, not next spring; the suitable tools are set out in the <a href="https://cryptoticker.io/en/comparison/crypto-tax-software/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">comparison of crypto tax tools</a>.</li>
</ol>
<p><em>(As of October 25, 2026. This article is not investment advice. Prices and fee structures change; check the terms with the provider before you buy.)</em></p>

Solana staking at 4.96 percent after commission: how to proceed

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Solana staking at 4.96 percent after commission: how to proceed

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