Balance

Solana

<p>Crypto researcher Balance asked how many post-quantum signatures could fit in a Solana transaction after BB84 opened its experimental QSOLANA network on November 13. The test network's larger transaction format has room for one standard ML-DSA-44 signature, but two would exceed the limit before adding any other transaction data.</p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
 <p>curious what the PQ signature checks do to Solana's tx size limit. one signature per tx for now?</p>— Balance (@balance0014) <a href="https://x.com/balance0014/status/2121353089521529337?ref=btcpeers.com" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">November 13, 2026</a>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="how-much-fits-in-4-096-bytes">How much fits in 4,096 bytes?</h2>
<p><a href="https://solana.com/docs/core/transactions?ref=btcpeers.com" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Solana's transaction documentation</a> lists a 1,232-byte limit and 64 bytes for each standard Ed25519 signature. BB84's <a href="https://rpc.bb84.fun/?ref=btcpeers.com" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">test network</a> accepts up to 4,096 bytes in its version 1 transaction format. An ML-DSA-44 signature takes up 2,420 bytes under <a href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.204.pdf?ref=btcpeers.com" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">NIST's standard</a>. Two take up 4,840 bytes, 744 more than the test network allows.</p>
<p>BB84 reports that its example withdrawal using ML-DSA-44 fits in a 2,688-byte transaction. An ML-DSA-65 signature alone takes 3,309 bytes, leaving 787 for everything else. The 4,627-byte ML-DSA-87 signature exceeds the limit on its own. BB84's documentation says applications can store that larger signature in an account and have their program read it from there.</p>
<h2 id="what-the-test-network-verifies">What the test network verifies</h2>
<p>The fork gives developers a way to test signature checks built into the runtime. A vault can use one of those checks to decide whether to release funds. The outer transaction still uses Ed25519, including the signature from the account that pays the fee. A read-only check by BTC PEERS confirmed that the public test endpoint was responding and that BB84's ML-DSA-44 demo vault program was marked executable.</p>
<p>QSOLANA runs on a single node and resets when its validator build changes. The example gives developers a concrete size budget to work with while they design wallets that need more than one approval.</p>

How Many Post-Quantum Signatures Fit in a QSOLANA Transaction?

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