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<h2 id="ai-produces-its-first-original-cryptanalysis-results">AI produces its first original cryptanalysis results</h2><p><a href="https://x.com/AnthropicAI" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">@AnthropicAI</a>'s Frontier Red Team published two cryptanalysis results on Tuesday from Claude Mythos Preview, marking a qualitative shift in what AI can do in advanced mathematical research. Unlike the implementation bugs the model surfaced in April, these are attacks on the algorithms themselves.</p><p>The first result targets HAWK, a lattice-based digital signature scheme currently under evaluation by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a post-quantum cryptography standard. <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/research/discovering-cryptographic-weaknesses" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">According to Anthropic</a>, despite HAWK having survived two rounds of expert human review over roughly two years, <cite>Mythos was able to improve the best-known attack on it in just 60 hours, effectively cutting its key strength in half.</cite><cite>By Anthropic's own figures, cracking the smallest HAWK key fell from 2^64 steps to 2^38, roughly 67 million times less work.</cite></p><p>HAWK is one of nine algorithms that <cite>NIST advanced to the third round of its post-quantum cryptography standardization process, as part of a broader effort to prepare cybersecurity systems for future quantum computing threats.</cite><cite>HAWK advanced to the third round, although the agency had already encouraged additional analysis of its underlying security assumptions.</cite></p><h2 id="aes-attack-accelerated-but-full-standard-stands">AES attack accelerated, but full standard stands</h2><p>The second result involves AES, one of the most widely used encryption standards in the world. <cite>Researchers used Claude to improve attacks against a reduced version of AES.</cite> Specifically, Claude accelerated a known attack on a seven-round version of AES-128 by 200 to 800 times. Full AES runs ten rounds and remains unaffected.</p><p><cite>Anthropic says it believes the attack discovered by Mythos Preview does not impact the other NIST post-quantum cryptographic schemes or other schemes that use related methods.</cite><cite>Anthropic emphasized that neither discovery creates an immediate risk for production systems or currently deployed encryption.</cite> Nothing in either result touches SHA-256 or ECDSA, the cryptographic primitives underpinning Bitcoin and most existing blockchain infrastructure.</p><p><cite>Anthropic says Claude developed the HAWK attack in roughly 60 hours and estimates each breakthrough cost about $100,000 in API compute.</cite> A year ago, AI models could not perform original cryptanalysis of this kind at all. <cite>The findings show how artificial intelligence is moving beyond traditional software development tasks and entering advanced mathematical research.</cite></p><p><a href="https://www.anthropic.com/research/discovering-cryptographic-weaknesses" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Anthropic: Discovering cryptographic weaknesses with Claude</a> | <a href="https://thequantuminsider.com/2026/05/21/nist-advances-nine-post-quantum-signature-algorithms-to-third-round/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">The Quantum Insider: NIST Advances Nine Post-Quantum Signature Algorithms to Third Round</a> | <a href="https://beincrypto.com/anthropics-ai-weaknesses-technology-data/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">BeInCrypto: Anthropic's AI Finds Weaknesses in the Technology Protecting Your Data</a></p>

Claude weakened a quantum-resistant crypto candidate in 60 hours

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