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Microsoft returned to the spotlight on Thursday as it was accused of overcharging tens of thousands of British businesses that rely on Windows Server while using cloud platforms operated by Amazon, Google, and Alibaba.
The claim, worth £2.1 billion, is now before the Competition Appeal Tribunal, which has been asked to certify the case so it can move forward. The action is being driven by competition lawyer Maria Luisa Stasi on behalf of almost 60,000 firms.
Stasi’s argument is straightforward. Her argument is that Microsoft set some pricing rules that made it more expensive to run Windows Server on competing platforms other than its own Azure system. According to her, this made the market tilted in its favour, pushing businesses to carry higher costs than necessary.
<h3 id="microsoft-is-accused-of-crafting-cloud-licensing-rules-harmful-to-competition">Microsoft is accused of crafting cloud licensing rules harmful to competition</h3>
Stasi’s counsel, Sarah Ford, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/microsoft-fights-28-billion-uk-lawsuit-over-cloud-computing-licences-2025-12-11/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="_blank">told</a> the tribunal that the tech giant was using practices that “overcharged thousands of businesses” by making Windows Server more affordable to operate on Azure.
Ford also said that “Microsoft degrades the user experience of Windows Server” on competing clouds, which she argued was part of a coherent abuse strategy meant to establish its position.
Her remarks echoed long-standing concerns within the cloud industry. Smaller providers have complained for years that <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/microsoft-fights-28-billion-uk-lawsuit-over-cloud-computing-licences-2025-12-11/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="_blank">Microsoft</a>’s licensing rules lock customers into Azure by making it more costly or less efficient to run key software elsewhere.
Even the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority has previously said that certain terms used by Microsoft have “materially disadvantaged AWS and Google”.
Microsoft rejects those claims. Its view is that the company’s structure, where it both runs Azure and licenses Windows Server to competitors, can help rather than hinder competition.
The firm says Stasi’s legal team has not offered a workable method for calculating the losses it is accused of causing and that the case should be dismissed before it goes any further.
As was previously reported by <a href="https://www.cryptopolitan.com/cloud-providers-in-eu-regulation-crosshairs/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Cryptopolitan</a>, European and UK regulators are also examining whether cloud giants, including Microsoft, Amazon Web Services, and Google Cloud, have amassed too much influence, with concerns ranging from data portability to restrictive licensing.
In July, the CMA reached a different conclusion when it released a report describing Microsoft’s cloud licensing rules as harmful to competition. The watchdog warned that these rules made it harder for customers to switch between providers or spread their workloads across different clouds.
Microsoft responded at the time by saying the analysis did not reflect the reality of a sector that has “never been so dynamic and competitive”.
Across Europe, regulators have shown rising interest in how cloud markets operate. The EU’s <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/03/microsoft-overcharging-rival-cloud-firms-customers-uk-lawsuit-says.html" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="_blank">Digital Markets Act</a> gives Brussels wider powers to respond if a small number of large firms become essential gateways for digital infrastructure. Officials have been considering whether the dominance of AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud meets that threshold, which would trigger new obligations for them.
These could include forcing providers to ease the movement of customer data, scale back bundling practices, or improve compatibility with other platforms.
If the tribunal allows the UK lawsuit to proceed, it could become one of the most significant challenges Microsoft has faced in the cloud era. For the businesses involved, the case is about recovering money they believe they should never have been charged.
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Microsoft is facing allegations of unfairly raising costs for businesses using rival cloud platforms

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