Ethereum

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has reiterated his stance on layer-2 decentralization, stating that he only plans to acknowledge scaling solutions at “stage 1” of his decentralization scale.
In a Sept. 12 X <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://x.com/VitalikButerin/status/1834061075970683367" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">post</a>, Buterin said that he takes this “seriously” and that, starting next year, he only plans to publicly mention <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/ethereum-future-hinges-interoperable-layer-2s" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">layer-2</a> networks that are “stage 1+”.
He added that there “may be a short grace period for new genuinely interesting projects.”
<blockquote>
 “It doesn’t matter if I invested, or if you’re my friend; stage 1 or bust.”
</blockquote>
Buterin said many zero-knowledge <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/based-rollups-could-improve-ethereum-incentives-say-commentators" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">rollup teams</a> have told him “they’re on track to be stage 1 by year-end,” and he was “excited to see that happen.”&nbsp;
“The era of rollups being glorified multisigs is coming to an end. The era of cryptographic trust is upon us,” he wrote.
<figure><img alt="Vitalik: L2s that aren’t at least ‘stage 1’ are dead to me" name="" src="https://s3.cointelegraph.com/uploads/2024-09/0191e4a1-30b7-70f5-9514-f0878561300f">
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 Source: <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://x.com/VitalikButerin/status/1834061075970683367" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="https://x.com/VitalikButerin/status/1834061075970683367">Vitalik Buterin</a>
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<a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://cointelegraph.com/learn/who-is-vitalik-buterin" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">Buterin</a> <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/proposed-milestones-for-rollups-taking-off-training-wheels/11571" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">introduced</a> the concept of “training wheels” for Ethereum <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://cointelegraph.com/learn/ethereum-dencun-upgrade-proto-danksharding-and-layer-2-scalability" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">scaling</a> rollup projects at various stages of development in 2022.
He outlined a path to layer-2 decentralization with three stages.
The first ‘stage 0’ or ‘full training wheels’ is a project that self-identifies as a rollup with all rollup transactions onchain and users being able to transact and withdraw without operator intervention.
However, there is only a simple multisignature wallet in control, and no fraud or validity proofs are required.&nbsp;
Stage 1 — the minimum level that Buterin will now acknowledge — is the next step to <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://cointelegraph.com/learn/what-is-web-3-0-a-beginners-guide-to-the-decentralized-internet-of-the-future" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">decentralization</a>, where layer-2s have an active fraud-proof or validity-proof scheme in place.
They should also have a multi-signature-based override mechanism, or “security council,” but with strict conditions such as a minimum of 6 of 8 signature requirement and a quorum-blocking group, which must be external to the rollup organization. Upgrades should also have a seven-day delay window.&nbsp;
Related: <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/vitalik-buterin-unveils-plan-solve-cross-chain-l2-interoperability" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">Vitalik Buterin unveils plan to solve cross-chain L2 interoperability</a>
The final stage on the path to layer-2 decentralization is “stage 2” or “no training wheels”.&nbsp;
At this stage, no group can override the code output if the code is bug-free for projects. There is also a limited use of security councils allowed and only for clear bug cases, plus a 30-day upgrade activation delay.&nbsp;&nbsp;
In June, <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/decentralization-layer-2-rollup-ethereum" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">several layer-2 rollup</a> teams, including those for <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/linea-hack-highlights-need-for-decentralization-on-ethereum-layer-twos" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">Linea</a>, ZKsync, Arbitrum, and Optimism, claimed that “stage 2” full decentralization would happen in a few years.
Magazine: <a data-ct-non-breakable="null" href="https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/simple-change-save-ethereum-roadmap-to-hell/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" target="null" text="null" title="null">Proposed change could save Ethereum from L2 ‘roadmap to hell’</a>

Vitalik: L2s that aren’t at least ‘stage 1’ are dead to me

Cointelegraph

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