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Circle, the issuer of the USD Coin (<a href="https://cointelegraph.com/usdc-price-index">USDC</a>) stablecoin, recently published a white paper titled “Risk-based Capital for Stable Value Tokens,"&nbsp;proposing a new risk-based capital management model for stablecoins and other digital cash tokens.
The paper’s authors argue that stablecoins need adequate capital reserve requirements that go beyond the current capital standards established under the Basel&nbsp;<a href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/basel-committee-banks-worldwide-reportedly-own-9-4-billion-in-crypto-assets">banking regulatory frameworks</a> to mitigate risks unique to stablecoins, other fiat-equivalent tokens and their issuers.
According to the authors, these unique risks include but are not limited to shortfalls in the price of the tokens due to market trading and the prevalence of secondary markets, ensuing “runs” on the digital tokens due to excessive selling, operational risks and&nbsp;<a href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/pricing-aggregators-caused-pax-dollar-depeg">technological risks</a>.
<h2 id="the-token-capital-adequacy-framework">The Token Capital Adequacy Framework</h2>
These unique challenges set stablecoin issuers and the digital assets they issue apart from traditional banks. The authors of the paper argue that the solution to this is adopting what they call the Token Capital Adequacy Framework (TCAF).&nbsp;
Circle’s paper explains that current banking regulations use fixed-ratio risk standards and risk weightings that do not necessarily reflect the true level of risk. The authors cited long-term Treasury bonds, which have a high degree of<a href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitcoin-inflation-hedge-theory-tested-rising-interest-rates-bring-turbulence-markets">&nbsp;interest rate risk</a> yet carry a weighted risk of ze inside the current banking standards.
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 <img src="https://s3.cointelegraph.com/uploads/2024-08/d233f776-169e-4ba4-8d64-ab783263af41.png" alt="Circle proposes new capital-risk framework for stablecoins" title="">
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 A comparison of traditional capital frameworks. Source: Circle
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</figure>
Related:&nbsp;<a href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/usdc-embrace-tap-and-go-payments-apple-opens-up-nfc">USDC to embrace tap-and-go payments after Apple opens up NFC</a>
TCAF remedies this by adopting a dynamic risk-sensitive model that begins with stress-testing reserves and taking input from stakeholders. Technological risks, such as blockchain network performance and cybersecurity, are also taken into account under the TCAF model.
The paper also noted that the dynamic approach of TCAF may result in more intensive or less intensive capital requirements than the&nbsp;<a href="https://cointelegraph.com/news/basel-committee-updates-crypto-rules-banks">current banking standards</a>, which would change depending on the risk environment.
<h3 id="the-five-goals-of-the-framework">The five goals of the framework</h3>
Circle’s newly proposed model has five goals in mind. First, it seeks to differentiate emerging “going” risk factors from “gone” risks that have been successfully mitigated or no longer pose a threat.
The model also seeks to be supplementary in helping supervisors to adequately address operational risks, yet be as “simple as possible,” avoiding the bloated and costly risk management departments that characterize the traditional banking sector.
TCAF’s fourth major goal is to provide a standard for risk management that works across jurisdictions and institutions. Last, but certainly not least, the model seeks to provide incentives and accountability to mitigate negative risk externalities.
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Circle proposes new capital-risk framework for stablecoins

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Cointelegraph

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