Ethereum

when

Beacon

Ethereum’s validators are set to take on new roles with the introduction of EIP-7732, the Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation proposal. 
This proposal fundamentally changes how Ethereum blocks are validated by splitting execution validation from consensus validation both logically and temporally. 
<h2 id="validators-get-overhauled">Validators get overhauled</h2> 
Validators now have new responsibilities, including the option to become builders and the duty to submit payload timeliness attestations. 
The EIP addresses multiple key issues in the current system. Most beacon block proposers outsource the construction of the execution payload to a third party, known as a builder. 
<figure id="attachment_550697" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-550697" style="width: 100%" class="wp-caption alignnone">
 <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-550697 size-full" src="https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.01.53.png" alt="Ethereum validators to adopt new roles with EIP-7732" width="2134" height="1194" srcset="https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.01.53.png 2134w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.01.53-300x168.png 300w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.01.53-1200x671.png 1200w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.01.53-768x430.png 768w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.01.53-1536x859.png 1536w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.01.53-2048x1146.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2134px) 100vw, 2134px">
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 Source: Ethereum
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They request the hash tree root (HTR) of a promised execution payload and submit a SignedBlindedBeaconBlock to a trusted party. This party then replaces the HTR with the full execution payload from the builder before broadcasting. 
The EIP guarantees fair exchanges between the beacon block proposer and the builder. It ensures that an honest beacon block proposer gets paid by the builder, and an honest builder’s payload becomes the canonical head of the chain. 
Currently, validators have a short window to perform both consensus and execution state transitions, check blob data availability, and evaluate the new head of the blockchain. 
<figure id="attachment_547401" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-547401" style="width: 100%" class="wp-caption alignnone">
 <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-547401 size-full" src="https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/107305049-1695384016760-gettyimages-1244445335-SINGAPORE_FINTECH.jpeg" alt="Ethereum validators to adopt new roles with EIP-7732" width="1920" height="1280" srcset="https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/107305049-1695384016760-gettyimages-1244445335-SINGAPORE_FINTECH.jpeg 1920w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/107305049-1695384016760-gettyimages-1244445335-SINGAPORE_FINTECH-300x200.jpeg 300w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/107305049-1695384016760-gettyimages-1244445335-SINGAPORE_FINTECH-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/107305049-1695384016760-gettyimages-1244445335-SINGAPORE_FINTECH-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/107305049-1695384016760-gettyimages-1244445335-SINGAPORE_FINTECH-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px">
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 Ethereum creator Vitalik Buterin in Prague. Credits: Getty Images
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This EIP changes that by separating execution and consensus validation, allowing validators to focus on consensus state transition before attesting. 
Execution and data availability validation is deferred, allowing validators to perform these tasks in the remaining slot time. 
<h2 id="motivation-behind-eip-7732">Motivation behind EIP-7732</h2> 
Removing the full execution payload from the consensus block allows for faster network propagation. It reduces the likelihood of reorganization when including blob transactions due to increased timelines for data availability checks. 
Validators no longer miss attestations, strengthening fork choice properties when builders produce invalid payloads. The EIP also eliminates the need for trusted middleware for block construction delegation. 
The EIP doesn’t require changes to the execution layer. However, the consensus layer undergoes several modifications, detailed in the consensus-specs GitHub repository. 
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 <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-550702 size-full" src="https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/LTYZRJNEHJB2JPUAEFUBSTJUIY.jpg" alt="Ethereum validators to adopt new roles with EIP-7732" width="1920" height="1258" srcset="https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/LTYZRJNEHJB2JPUAEFUBSTJUIY.jpg 1920w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/LTYZRJNEHJB2JPUAEFUBSTJUIY-300x197.jpg 300w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/LTYZRJNEHJB2JPUAEFUBSTJUIY-1200x786.jpg 1200w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/LTYZRJNEHJB2JPUAEFUBSTJUIY-768x503.jpg 768w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/LTYZRJNEHJB2JPUAEFUBSTJUIY-1536x1006.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px">
 <figcaption id="caption-attachment-550702" class="wp-caption-text">
 Ethereum co-creator Charles Hoskinson
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These include changes to the Beacon Chain, fork choice, P2P protocols, validator guides, and the introduction of a new builder guide. 
The Beacon chain changes involve constants, presets, and various container classes to handle the new payload attestations and signed execution payload headers. 
The BeaconState container is modified to track the latest block hash, the latest slot with an execution payload, and the latest withdrawals root. 
<figure id="attachment_550696" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-550696" style="width: 100%" class="wp-caption alignnone">
 <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-550696 size-full" src="https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.02.35.png" alt="Ethereum validators to adopt new roles with EIP-7732" width="2120" height="713" srcset="https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.02.35.png 2120w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.02.35-300x101.png 300w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.02.35-1200x404.png 1200w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.02.35-768x258.png 768w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.02.35-1536x517.png 1536w, https://www.cryptopolitan.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Screenshot-2024-07-04-at-14.02.35-2048x689.png 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2120px) 100vw, 2120px">
 <figcaption id="caption-attachment-550696" class="wp-caption-text">
 Source: Ethereum
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</figure> 
The BeaconBlockBody now includes a signed execution payload header and a list of payload attestations. The ExecutionPayloadHeader is simplified to track minimal information for builder’s payload commitments. 
State transition logic changes include new functions for processing payload attestations, execution payload headers, and withdrawal requests. 
Fork choice <a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7732" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">changes</a> involve new constants and container classes to handle child nodes, latest messages, and store modifications. New handlers are introduced for payload attestation messages and signed execution payload envelopes. 
Reporting by Jai Hamid

Ethereum validators to adopt new roles with EIP-7732

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