IOTA

<h2 id="header-0">IOTA Tech Boosts Circular Economy</h2>TL;DR:Teaming up with Digimarc we&#39;re providing distributed ledger technology (DLT) to help track and trace the recycling journey of plastics. The use case involves collecting and recycling farm plastic waste, converting it into bioplastics used in consumer products, like plastic bags. It implements DPPs for both intermediate and final products, ensuring B2B and B2C verification respectively, and uses the GS1 EPCIS 2.0 standard for recording events in the supply chain, with proofs stored on the IOTA ledger to support claims about product provenance.Plastic mulch film is integral to modern agriculture. It provides essential functions such as suppressing weeds, <a href="https://www.epicgardening.com/plastic-mulch-pros-and-cons/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">conserving water,</a> and retaining methyl bromide, a powerful fumigant and ozone depleter. However, the resulting plastic waste poses significant environmental challenges, often ending up in landfills or as <a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/bespoke/follow-the-food/why-foods-plastic-problem-is-bigger-than-we-realise.html" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">pollutants</a>.A solution is to recycle it into biodegradable plastic (bioplastic) products. However, the process – involving multiple stakeholders and advanced technology – is complicated, expensive, and subject to different national regulations: <a href="https://www.oecd.org/environment/plastic-pollution-is-growing-relentlessly-as-waste-management-and-recycling-fall-short.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">in 2022, the OECD reported</a> that “only 9% of plastic waste is recycled while 22% is mismanaged.” An immutable and verifiable solution for accurately tracking the journey of plastic waste as it undergoes the recycling process is therefore highly valuable.<img src="https://academy-public.coinmarketcap.com/optimized-uploads/cadcb537e4c147769ffb648cd88cefec.png" />As part of the <a href="https://blog.iota.org/p/0dda99db-4d44-43ce-988c-f5bb717f1321/blog.iota.org/european-blockchain-pcp-final/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">European Blockchain PCP</a>, funded by the European Commission,  the IOTA Foundation teamed up with enterprise software and services provider <a href="https://www.digimarc.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Digimarc</a>, and <a href="https://agro2circular.eu/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Agro2Circular</a>, a European project dedicated to upcycling agri-food waste and plastics with around 50 partners, to develop the Digital Product Passport (DPP) solution prototype for Plastics.  It aims to support the circular economy by meticulously tracking and documenting the lifecycle of plastic mulch films used in the agri-food industry.<h3 id="introducing-digital-product-passports">Introducing Digital Product Passports</h3>Digital Product Passports (DPPs) ensure transparency and traceability in the lifecycle of products. The DPP for Plastics prototype solution contains data on the lifecycle of plastic from its disposal by waste producers to its transformation into new market-ready products by manufacturers, encompassing intermediate commercial products along the way (such as recycled polyethylene pellets).<h3 id="chain-of-events-leading-to-the-dpp-for-plastics">Chain of Events Leading to the DPP for Plastics</h3>Waste Production StageLet’s start with the Waste Producer. Imagine a farm, that uses plastic mulching films for crop protection. Like all participants in this step-by-step description, the farm has its own decentralized identifier (DID) on the IOTA ledger.After harvest, the farm collects the used plastic, documenting the type and date of use as a supply-chain event. This data helps track the origin and composition of the waste. The farm signs the data with its unique DID  to create a signed JSON document, expressed using <a href="https://blog.iota.org/ratification-of-epcis-2-0/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">EPCIS 2.0</a>, and similar to a verifiable credential (VC). The document is hashed to create a digital fingerprint of the dataset,  and the hash is stored in a block on the IOTA Tangle. The block is confirmed on the Tangle and read again together with a Proof of Inclusion (PoI), which allows the farm to prove to a verifier – which can be any other participant in the recycling supply chain because all participants can also act as data verifiers – that the block was part of the past Tangle at a certain point in time, even if this part has already been pruned from network nodes to limit storage demand.Waste Management StageNext, an authorized Waste Manager picks up the plastic waste. It records when and where the waste was collected and its journey to the recycling facility as a supply chain event.Recycling StageThe waste arrives at an authorized Recycler, which applies a treatment to the plastic to produce new raw materials. The recycler logs the recycling process, including the type of recycling and the output materials. These details are made verifiable for transparency.Manufacturing StageThese recycled materials are then supplied to a Manufacturer, which transforms the recycled plastic into new products, such as eco-friendly packaging or bio-plastic used as mulch film. The new products are given unique DPPs, where all information recorded along the supply chain journey so far is stored via a link between Digimarc’s product identity management platform <a href="https://www.digimarc.com/resources/videos/digimarc-illuminate-platform" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Illuminate</a> and each supply chain event. It documents the materials used, the manufacturing process, and the final product&#39;s specifications. It also verifies the DPPs of the raw materials to ensure sustainability.Quality AssurancePart of the processes, as well as the product&#39;s specifications, can be certified by a third-party Quality Assurer. This is also signed by the corresponding DID and linked to the product&#39;s DPP information.Consumer InteractionConsumers, which in this case study are largely B2B entities, buy these manufactured bioplastics – for example, a farmer buys the bioplastic mulch film. The consumers scan the QR code on the packaging to access the DPP, verifying the product&#39;s provenance and sustainability. This transparency builds trust with their own customers.AuditingFinally, an auditor steps in to verify the accuracy of the records. They ensure compliance with environmental regulations, protecting against fraud and identifying potential operational improvements.<h3 id="ensuring-trust-and-transparency">Ensuring Trust and Transparency</h3>Throughout this process, the <a href="https://hub.ebsi.eu/vc-framework/trust-model/issuer-trust-model-v3" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">EBSI Trust Framework</a> models and verifies the identities and relationships of all actors. Using <a href="https://www.digimarc.com/blog/epcis-20-transforming-global-supply-chain" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">GS1 EPCIS 2.0</a> standards, supply chain events such as shipping, receiving, packing, transforming, and classifying are captured and recorded. Each product is assigned a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v&#61;H2idDJeH3o4" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">GS1 Digital Link</a> through Illuminate, linking all traceability events to construct the DPP view.<img src="https://academy-public.coinmarketcap.com/optimized-uploads/b9e2d12f677648908e315749c6a5ac28.png" />Digital Link to the DPP through a QR data carrier<h3 id="digital-link-to-the-dpp-through-a-qr">Digital Link to the DPP Through a QR</h3>The physical products are identified by a GS1 Digital Link using a carrier of choice, in this case, a QR code, that is linked to their digital passports, allowing easy access and verification via a DPP web interface. This interface renders the status and information of the DPP at any given time, updating it accordingly, e.g. if a DPP needs to be invalidated, an additional business event marks it as obsolete, and this update is reflected in the DPP web interface.<img src="https://academy-public.coinmarketcap.com/optimized-uploads/4b3e34a38ee645719e8c2a2edfe5c2f8.png" /><img src="https://blog.iota.org/content/images/2024/06/image1-1.png" /><img src="https://academy-public.coinmarketcap.com/optimized-uploads/0cee36a9803647708e5c7e7e1896afc5.png" />DPP details as seen in the DPP web interfaceIn this system, every party, from the waste producer to the auditor, plays a critical role in ensuring the transparency, traceability, and sustainability of agricultural plastics, supporting a robust circular economy.<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3>By leveraging blockchain technology, our DPP solution prototype for plastics ensures transparency, traceability, and integrity in the lifecycle of agricultural plastics, promoting a circular economy and reducing environmental impact. This not only enhances sustainability but also provides valuable insights for businesses and consumers alike. You can read Digimarc’s account of the DPP <a href="https://www.digimarc.com/blog/piloting-digital-product-passport-plastic-recycling" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">here</a>.<a href="https://files.iota.org/comms/DPP_IOTA_Showcase_Presentation.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Download Our DPP Prototypes Presentation</a>Our Technology Adoption Team is leading the commercialization of the DPP for electronics prototype solution in collaboration with a network of partners - our first market-ready solution is the recently-announced <a href="https://blog.iota.org/eviden-digital-passport-iota/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Eviden Digital Passport Solution powered by IOTA</a> – to track the lifecycle of physical and virtual products: from (automotive) batteries (for electric vehicles and beyond), plastics, rubber, tires, and chemicals to electronic or virtual assets such as intellectual property rights. For more information about these opportunities, please contact partnerships&#64;iota.org.<h3 id="links-in-this-article">Links in this Article</h3>Epic Gardening Website: <a href="https://www.epicgardening.com/plastic-mulch-pros-and-cons/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">18 Pros and Cons of Using Plastic Mulch in the Garden</a>BBC Website: <a href="https://www.bbc.com/future/bespoke/follow-the-food/why-foods-plastic-problem-is-bigger-than-we-realise.html" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Why Food&#39;s Plastic Problem is Bigger Than We Realise</a>OECD Press Release: <a href="https://www.oecd.org/environment/plastic-pollution-is-growing-relentlessly-as-waste-management-and-recycling-fall-short.htm" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Plastic Pollution is Growing Relentlessly as Waste Management and Recycling Fall Short, says OECD</a>Website: <a href="https://www.digimarc.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Digimarc.com</a>Website: <a href="https://agro2circular.eu/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Agro2Circular.eu</a>European Commission Web Page: <a href="https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/european-blockchain-pre-commercial-procurement" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">European Blockchain Pre-Commercial Procurement</a>IOTA Foundation Blog Post: <a href="https://blog.iota.org/eviden-digital-passport-iota/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Introducing Eviden Digital Passport Solution Powered By IOTA</a>IOTA Foundation Blog Post: <a href="https://blog.iota.org/ratification-of-epcis-2-0/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Ratification of the EPCIS 2.0 Standard</a>European Commission / EBSI Web Page: <a href="https://hub.ebsi.eu/vc-framework/trust-model/issuer-trust-model-v3" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Issuer trust model</a>Digimarc Blog Post: <a href="https://www.digimarc.com/blog/epcis-20-transforming-global-supply-chain" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">EPCIS 2.0: Transforming the Global Supply Chain</a>Video: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v&#61;H2idDJeH3o4" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">GS1 Digital Link Layer Cake</a>Digimarc Web Page: <a href="https://www.digimarc.com/resources/videos/digimarc-illuminate-platform" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Digimarc Illuminate Platform</a>Digimarc Blog Post: <a href="https://www.digimarc.com/blog/piloting-digital-product-passport-plastic-recycling" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Piloting Digital Product Passport for Plastic Recycling</a>IOTA Foundation Blog Post:<a href="https://blog.iota.org/eviden-digital-passport-iota/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"> Introducing Eviden Digital Passport Solution Powered By IOTA</a>Follow us on our official channels for the latest updates: <a href="https://discord.iota.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Discord</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/iota" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Twitter</a> | <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/iotafoundation/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">LinkedIn</a> | <a href="https://www.instagram.com/iotafoundation/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">Instagram</a> | <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/iotafoundation" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">YouTube</a> | <a href="https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/iota/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow">CoinMarketCap</a>

Transforming Plastic Waste with DPPs

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