Nano

## Что такое Nano (NANO)?

Представленная как «цифровые деньги для современного мира», Nano — это легковесная криптовалюта, которая предназначена для обеспечения безопасных, практически мгновенных платежей без комиссий и устраняет некоторые из основных ограничений как устаревшей финансовой инфраструктуры, так и многих современных криптовалют.

Разработка проекта началась в 2014 году под названием RaiBlocks, а монета (в то время называемая XRB) была запущена в следующем году бесплатной раздачей, при которой пользователи получали небольшие суммы XRB после выполнения проверки капчи. Пользователи были не ограничены в количестве запросов, так они по сути продавали своё время за XRB.

В январе 2018 года RaiBlocks (XRB) был переименован в Nano (NANO), при этом новое имя было выбрано, чтобы лучше подчеркнуть скорость и простоту, которую проект даёт пользователям.

Это одноранговая платформа, которая использует уникальную структуру данных блочной решетки, чтобы пользователи могли легко отправлять друг другу любые суммы, не полагаясь на централизованных посредников.

В отличие от других платформ, где как правило для достижения консенсуса используется доказательство работы крупной сети майнинга, Nano вместо этого полагается на систему, известную как открытое голосование представителей (Open Representative Voting, ORV), при которой владельцы учетных записей голосуют за выбранного представителя, которые затем ответственны за подтверждение блоков транзакций.

ORV делает Nano чрезвычайно энергоэффективным, позиционируя его как более экологичную альтернативу основанным на [proof-of-work](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake) (POW) [криптовалютам](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-cryptocurrencies).

### Кто создал Nano?

Компания Nano была основана Колином ЛеМахье (Colin LeMahieu), опытным разработчиком и инженером с богатым опытом работы в известных технологических компаниях, включая Dell, AMD и Qualcomm.

Сам он зовёт себя изобретателем, а его интересы простираются в диапазоне от космических технологий до физики и экологии. Его давно и хорошо знают на просторах криптоиндустрии. В 2017 году он начал работать на Nano и стал генеральным директором организации Nano Foundation, созданной для разработки и внедрения Nano, занимая этот пост по сей день.

Колин ЛеМахье также подписан как автор подавляющего большинства коммитов в репозиторий Nano на GitHub.

Помимо ЛеМахье, в Nano Foundation работает более десятка других сотрудников, в том числе Джордж Коксон (George Coxon), выпускник факультета эволюционной антропологии и опытный менеджер по работе с клиентами, а также нынешний операционный директор (COO) фонда.

### Что особенного в Nano?

Как мы уже говорили, Nano разработан, чтобы быть быстрым. Фактически, настолько быстро, что большинство транзакций Nano достигают абсолютной завершенности менее чем за секунду. Для сравнения у многих других основных криптовалют это занимает на порядок дольше.

Такая скорость делает Nano подходящим для коммерческих платежей, поскольку продавцам и ритейлерам больше не нужно беспокоиться о задержках транзакций при приеме платежей.

Более того, транзакции в Nano полностью бесплатны. Поскольку представители не получают финансовой компенсации за свои усилия по обеспечению безопасности сети, комиссия за транзакцию не требуется. Это делает Nano идеальным решением для обработки микротранзакций, так как пользователям больше не нужно беспокоиться о том, что при совершении небольших платежей взимается потенциально дорогая комиссия за операцию.

Эти функции обеспечиваются его уникальной архитектурой. В отличие от многих криптовалют, которые построены на основе распределенного реестра, известного как [блокчейн](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain), Nano вместо этого построен на основе похожей, но все же отличной технологии реестра, под названием направленный ациклический граф (DAG).

Такая структура крайне надежна и позволяет Nano обрабатывать до 1000 транзакций в секунду (tps) без необходимости использования энергоемкой майнинговой сети для поддержания ее целостности, что делает Nano экологичным видом цифровых платежей.

#### Связанные страницы:

[Попробуйте IOTA (MIOTA)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/iota/), еще одну криптовалюту на основе DAG без комиссии за транзакцию.

Обратите внимание на [EOS (EOS)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/eos/), блокчейн с поддержкой смарт-контрактов и бесплатными транзакциями.

[Оракул: всевидящее око, направляющие криптосети](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/oracles-the-all-seeing-eye-that-guides-crypto-networks) — подробное описание от CoinMarketCap Alexandria.

[Будьте в курсе последних новостей](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog), советов и трендов с блогом CoinMarketCap.

### Сколько монет Nano (NANO) находится в обращении?

Как и подавляющее большинство криптовалют, Nano имеет фиксированное максимальное количество токенов, которые когда-либо будут существовать, это число установлено на уровне 133 248 290 NANO.

Изначально максимальная эмиссия была установлена намного выше этого, но токены NANO, превышающие текущий лимит 133 миллионов, были окончательно сожжены. В целом, было распределено около 39% исходного предложения.

Nano необычен тем, что все его предложение уже находится в обращении, а это означает, что оно полностью размыто.

Благодаря этому Nano также сильно децентрализован и хорошо распределен, при этом подавляющее большинство кошельков Nano держат менее 100 NANO. По состоянию на декабрь 2020 года около 20% всех Nano в обращении (~ 26 миллионов) хранится в одном из холодных кошельков, связанных с обменом криптовалюты Binance.

В общей сложности 5% оборотных средств было удержано для продолжения развития проекта, они были переданы в так называемый «фонд развития».

### Как защищена сеть Nano?

Безопасность Nano обеспечивается сетью представителей, за каждого из которых голосуют держатели NANO.

Эти представители несут ответственность за подачу своих голосов, когда сети необходимо достичь [консенсус](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus), и вес их голосов является суммой всех голосов, делегированного им держателями NANO. Они голосуют за достоверность транзакций в сети Nano, обеспечивая подтверждение только действительных.

Этот процесс защищает сеть от типа атаки, известного как двойное расходование, которое происходит, когда злоумышленник может манипулировать сетью, чтобы эффективно потратить одни и те же средства дважды.

Кроме того, сеть Nano предлагает широкий спектр дополнительных средств защиты от различных возможных векторов атак, полный обзор которых можно найти [здесь](https://docs.nano.org/protocol-design/attack-vectors/).

### Где купить Nano (NANO)?

Поскольку Nano нельзя майнить, самый популярный способ обзавестись ими это купить их на одной из более чем 50 обменных платформ, которые его поддерживают. [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/binance/), [OKEx](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/okex/) и [Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/huobi-global/) в настоящее время являются одними из самых популярных бирж для торговых пар между Nano и другими криптовалютами. Помимо этого Nano можно купить за фиат на Kraken и Binance.US.

Дополнительную информацию о покупке криптовалюты за фиатные деньги можно найти в нашем [подробном руководстве](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/).

Вот еще несколько статей, которые могут вас заинтересовать:

* [Что такое Crypto Faucet?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [Что такое криптовалютные дебетовые карты?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [Что такое Web 3.0?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [Что такое доходное фермерство?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [Что такое криптовалютное кредитование?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

Ledger

Trezor

Trust Wallet

Math Wallet

NanoVault

Exodus

Nault

Atomic wallet

The Nano Foundation is a not-for-profit organization and encourages the growth and usability of nano, an instant, sustainable currency without fees.

Apps use ICON to operate cross-chain seamlessly, build momentum and gain reputation. ICON's Cross-Chain Framework simplifies cross-chain development with its easy-to-use xCall messaging standard and connections to secure bridging protocols.

ICON

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

DigiByte (DGB) is an open source blockchain and asset creation platform. Development began in October 2013 and the genesis block of its DGB token was mined in January 2014 as a fork of Bitcoin (BTC).

A longstanding public blockchain and cryptocurrency, DigiByte uses five different algorithms to improve security, and originally aimed to improve on the Bitcoin blockchain’s security, capacity and transaction speed.

DigiByte consists of three layers: a smart contract “App Store,” a public ledger and the core protocol featuring nodes communicating to relay transactions.

DigiByte

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. Due to the decentralized nature of the token distribution on EOS, power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

Lisk is striving to on-board 100,000,000 users into crypto and web3 by offering an accessible blockchain application platform and an industry leading JavaScript SDK.

Released in 2019, the Lisk SDK enables developers to build application-specific blockchains entirely in JavaScript, the most widely used programming language in the world. To get a deep-dive into the Lisk SDK, please visit the Lisk SDK documentation or watch Lisk.js 2019 and Lisk.js 2022.

To be released in 2022, the Lisk blockchain application platform allows interoperability between all application-specific blockchains built with the Lisk SDK. With other words, users will be able to use DeFi, NFT or Metaverse blockchain applications on Lisk.

To better understand why Lisk is important watch the following videos: The Case for Lisk and The Ultimate Vision for Lisk.

If you are curious about Lisk’s history and journey, watch Looking Back on Lisk.

The Lisk project is managed by the Lisk Foundation, a non-profit entity based in Zug, Switzerland. A local team of experts specialized in law and finance, as well as yearly audits, ensure the proper handling of funds and regulatory compliance under the supervision of the Swiss Federal Foundation Supervisory Authority (ESA, Eidgenössische Stiftungsaufsicht).

The Lisk products are developed by the Lightcurve GmbH, a Berlin based blockchain studio. With a team of over 40 blockchain experts, Lightcurve is researching, developing and promoting the Lisk SDK and the Lisk blockchain application platform.

Lisk

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that features unique architecture and an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions to use in Web3. It is built on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle, which can be pictured as a multi-dimensional blockchain. It enables the exchange of data and value on a decentralized platform through direct and secure transfers, executed on and immutably recorded on the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into IOTA.

Together with its staging network Shimmer, IOTA aims to offer solutions to establish a secure and permissionless infrastructure that can drive the economy of the future. It enables the development of decentralized applications through automated trust in the form of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, an advanced consensus algorithm, and thoughtfully balanced incentives.

IOTA delivers tools for creating and managing custom Layer 2 (EVM) chains, deploying smart contracts, minting native tokens and NFTs with distinctive features, and introducing digital identities to users.

Launching in 2024, IOTA 2.0 will be a protocol upgrade that rebuilds IOTA’s architecture to deliver full decentralization. You can find more about it here.

IOTA

Ren (REN) is an open protocol built to provide interoperability and liquidity between different blockchain platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Ren.

Formerly known as Republic Protocol, Ren launched RenVM, its virtual machine mainnet, in May 2020, having completed a $34 million initial coin offering (ICO) in 2018.

The protocol’s native token, REN, functions as a bond for those running nodes which power RenVM, known as Darknodes.

Ren aims to expand the interoperability, and hence accessibility, of decentralized finance (DeFi) by removing hurdles involved in liquidity between blockchains.

Harmony is a blockchain platform designed to facilitate the creation and use of decentralized applications (DApps). The network aims to innovate the way decentralized applications work by focusing on random state sharding, which allows creating blocks in seconds.

According to the project’s website, Harmony is expected to introduce cross-shard contracts and a cross-chain infrastructure by the end of 2021.

Harmony

Bancor is an ecosystem of decentralized, open-source protocols that promote on-chain trading and liquidity.

Its main protocol, Carbon, is a decentralized trading protocol allowing users to perform automated trading strategies using custom on-chain limit orders and range orders, with the option of combining orders together to create automated buy low, sell high strategies.

By design, Carbon orders are irreversible on execution, easily adjustable directly on-chain, and resistant to MEV sandwich attacks. These capabilities give users an unprecedented level of control and automation to perform novel trading strategies on-chain.

Fast Lane, a separate open-source arbitrage protocol, allows any user to perform arbitrage between Bancor ecosystem protocols and external on-chain exchanges and redirect arbitrage profits back to the Bancor ecosystem.

All Bancor ecosystem protocols are governed by the BancorDAO via staked BNT.

Bancor

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

Basic Attention Token

Zilliqa is a public, permissionless blockchain that is designed to offer high throughput with the ability to complete thousands of transactions per second. It seeks to solve the issue of blockchain scalability and speed by employing sharding as a second-layer scaling solution. The platform is home to many decentralized applications, and as of October 2020, it also allows for staking and yield farming.

Development work officially started on Zilliqa in June 2017, and its testnet went live in March 2018. A little over a year later, in June 2019, the platform launched its mainnet.

The native utility token of Zilliqa, ZIL, is used to process transactions on the network and execute smart contracts.

Zilliqa

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

Waves is a multi-purpose blockchain platform which supports various use cases including decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts.

Launched in June 2016 following one of the cryptocurrency industry’s earliest initial coin offerings (ICO), Waves initially set out to improve on the first blockchain platforms by increasing speed, utility and user-friendliness.

The platform has undergone various changes and added new spin-off features to build on its original design.

Waves’ native token is WAVES, an uncapped supply token used for standard payments such as block rewards.

Waves

Siacoin (SC) is the native utility token of Sia, a blockchain-based distributed, decentralized cloud storage platform. Sia acts as a secure, trustless marketplace for cloud storage in which users can lease access to their unused storage space. Agreements and transactions are enforced with smart contracts, and Siacoin is the medium of exchange for paying for storage on the network. The main goal of the project is to become the "backbone storage layer of the internet."

Sia was originally announced in May 2014 before being revised and re-announced a year later in May 2015. It officially launched in June 2015.

Siacoin

NEM is a blockchain platform that was launched in March of 2015. It was one of the pioneers of the cryptocurrency industry, and sought to improve on the imperfections found on other chains at the time. It was one of the first non-turing complete chains to feature user-defined tokens (called mosaics), namespaces, multisignature accounts, and a P2P reputation system based on EigenTrust++. Its most notable contribution to the space is the proof-of-importance consensus mechanism, which sought to reward on-chain activity and deter the concentration of wealth commonly associated with proof-of-stake. Its client, NIS, is written in Java.

NEM has a global community. It sees the most utility as an alternative form of payment for businesses and vendors, and has a variety of social media apps built on top of it in Japan, such as nemgraph, a community-driven owned and operated alternative to Instagram.

In December 2021, NEM was hard forked by a pseudonymous team of cryptocurrency experts and enthusiasts alike. Titled Harlock, this hard fork signaled the community’s intent to take NEM from a shadow of its former self into the world’s leading payments platform for on-chain and off-chain media content.