Injective

Week in DeFi: Zhejiang Testnet, Subnets Galore and an EVM-Driven Cosmos

What Is Injective (INJ)? Features, Tokenomics, and Price Prediction

## Что такое протокол Injective Protocol (INJ)?
 
 Проект Injective Protocol - это революционная идея, цель которой - сделать биржи полностью децентрализованными общедоступными сетями. Это означает, что биржа управляется исключительно людьми, владеющими токенами INJ. При этом не существует централизованного руководящего органа, обеспечивающего контроль за развитием проекта. Проект Injective Protocol был официально запущен в ходе публичного предложения в 2020 году, и его поддержали такие игроки отрасли, как [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/binance/), [Pantera](https://www.panteracapital.com/) и [Hashed](https://www.hashed.com/).
 
 Injective Chain - это [блокчейн](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) база проекта. Она содержит полностью децентрализованную книгу ордеров и использует элементы виртуальной машины Ethereum ([EVM](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm)). Платформа также включает в себя двунаправленный токен-мост, связывающий ее с экосистемой [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/ethereum/).
 
 ### Кто создал Injective Protocol?
 
 [Эрик Чен](https://www.linkedin.com/in/ericchenmelt/) (Eric Chen) - соучредитель Injective Labs, компании, создавшей INJ. Он получил степень бакалавра финансов Нью-Йоркского университете Стерна, а его профессиональная карьера началась еще в 2014 году. Чен был научным сотрудником в Desay Sv Automotive, а затем перешел в AXA Advisors на должность аналитика. В 2017 году Эрик Чен стал исследователем Innovating Capital, а год спустя, в 2018 году, он стал соучредителем Injective Protocol.
 
 [Альберт Чон](https://www.linkedin.com/in/albertchon/) (Albert Chon) - технический директор Injective Protocol. В 2017 году получил степень магистра компьютерных наук Стэнфордского университета и стал фул-стэк инженером в Linc Global. В начале 2018 года он начал работу в Amazon как инженер по разработке программного обеспечения; однако вскоре он перешел к созданию проекта Injective Protocol совместно с Эриком Ченом. Он работает в компании с момента ее запуска в середине 2018 года.
 
 ### Что особенного в Injective Protocol?
 
 Проект Injective Protocol заслуживает внимания, поскольку он направлен на решение проблем финансовой индустрии за счет использования децентрализованных блокчейн технологий. INJ позволяет инвесторам участвовать в по-настоящему децентрализованной финансовой ([DeFi](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/defi)) структуре, где они имеют возможность влиять на изменения и внедрять новые идеи.
 
 Блокчейн Injective Chain доступен для использования абсолютно для всех, и именно эта инклюзивность обеспечивает его полную децентрализацию. Неважно, являетесь ли вы мелким инвестором или крупной корпорацией, Injective Protocol обеспечивает всем одинаковый уровень влияния и полномочий. Блокчейн позволяет торговать огромное количество деривативов, CFD и другие виды активов.
 
 Несмотря на то, что Injective Protocol представил революционную технологию для децентрализации в сфере бирж и трейдинга, он по-прежнему предлагает проверенные методы зарабатывания денег. Мейкеры и тейкеры платят комиссии за транзакции в INJ, что позволяет платформе продолжать работать децентрализовано.
 
 #### Связанные страницы:
 
 Узнайте больше о [Solana](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/solana/).
 
 Ознакомьтесь с [Decred](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/decred/).
 
 Узнайте больше о [децентрализации](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized).
 
 Взгляните на [блог CoinMarketCap](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog).
 
 ### Сколько монет Injective Protocol (INJ) находится в обращении?
 
 Общее предложение токенов Injective Protocol (INJ) составляет 100 000 000. В настоящее время в обращении находится около 15 406 012 токенов INJ. Согласно официальной [белой книге](https://docs.injectiveprotocol.com/#token-economics) INJ, при запуске токенов INJ была установлена инфляция на уровне 7% для того, чтобы узлы были заинтересованы в проверке транзакций в блокчейне. Этот уровень инфляции со временем будет постепенно снижаться и достигнет 2%.
 
 Способ распределения токенов INJ основан на совокупной прибыли и убытках. По сути, чем больше токенов INJ вы имеете, тем больше вы получите при перераспределении, поскольку ваш кошелек имеет более значительную взвешенную стоимость. Таким образом обеспечивается децентрализованный характер бирж.
 
 ### Как обеспечивается безопасность сети Injective Protocol?
 
 Блокчейн Injective Protocol работает с механизмом консенсуса proof-of-stake ([PoS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-stake-pos)). Это одно из наиболее заметных сходств INJ с блокчейном Ethereum. Чтобы использовать механизм виртуальной машины Ethereum, INJ полагается на PoS для обеспечения безопасности.
 
 Proof-of-Stake - это альтернативный механизм консенсуса популярному алгоритму консенсуса proof-of-work ([PoW](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-work-pow)), который используется [Bitcoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/bitcoin/). Механизм консенсуса PoS имеет множество преимуществ с точки зрения потребляемой мощности для майнинга, масштабируемости и удобства использования. Механизм консенсуса также играет важную роль в обеспечении децентрализованной работы всей сети.
 
 ### Где купить Injective Protocol (INJ)?
 
 Токены Injective Protocol (INJ) доступны на большинстве крупных бирж. У [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/binance/) самый высокий объем торгов INJ/USD - в размере 12 687 084 долларов США. Это самая популярная биржа для покупки INJ.
 
 В числе других хороших вариантов для торговли INJ - [Bilaxy](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/bilaxy/), [Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/huobi-global/) и [Uniswap](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/uniswap-v2/). Важно отметить, что покупка криптовалют сопряжена с риском, как и любой другой тип инвестиций.
 
 [Узнайте больше](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) о покупке криптовалюты.
 
 Вот еще несколько статей, которые могут вас заинтересовать:
 
 * [Что такое Crypto Faucet?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
 * [Что такое криптовалютные дебетовые карты?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
 * [Что такое Web 3.0?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
 * [Что такое доходное фермерство?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
 * [Что такое криптовалютное кредитование?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

Ledger

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Math Wallet

Binance Chain Wallet

Atomic wallet

Injective is a lightning fast interoperable layer one blockchain optimized for building the premier Web3 finance applications.

RenderToken (RNDR) is a distributed GPU rendering network built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, aiming to connect artists and studios in need of GPU compute power with mining partners willing to rent their GPU capabilities out. Conceived in 2009 by OTOY, inc. CEO Jules Urbach and launched in 2017, RNDR held its first public token sale in October of that same year, followed by a private sale period lasting from January 2018 – May 2018, wherein a total of 117,843,239 RNDR were sold at a price of 1 RNDR = $0.25 USD equivalent of token.
During the private sale period, early adopters were onboarded onto the RNDR Beta Testnet, where beta node operators and artists worked collaboratively with the RNDR team in building and testing the network, up until its public launch on April 27th 2020.

Render

Celestia

Founded in 2017 and launched via IEO on Binance in March 2019, Fetch.AI is an artificial intelligence (AI) lab building an open, permissionless, decentralized machine learning network with a crypto economy. Fetch.ai democratizes access to AI technology with a permissionless network upon which anyone can connect and access secure datasets by using autonomous AI to execute tasks that leverage its global network of data. The Fetch.AI model is rooted in  use cases like optimizing DeFi trading services, transportation networks (parking, micromobility), smart energy grids, travel — essentially any complex digital system that relies on large-scale datasets.

Fetch.ai

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

Chainlink

Immutable positions itself as the first layer-two scaling solution for NFTs on Ethereum. According to Immutable, its blockchain does away with Ethereum’s limitations like low scalability, a poor user experience, illiquidity, and a slow developer experience. Instead, users benefit from instant trading and massive scalability while enjoying zero gas fees for minting and trading NFTs without compromising user or asset security.

Thanks to this technology, users will be able to create and distribute assets like ERC-20 and ERC-721 tokens on a massive scale. Chris Clay, the game Director of Gods Unchained, a project already building on Immutable, stated that Immutable allows Gods Unchained to implement a new meta-system that was previously impossible. In this fashion, Immutable aims to create a world-class experience for users and developers alike.

Immutable

Arbitrum is an Ethereum layer-two (L2) scaling solution. It uses optimistic rollups to achieve its goal of improving speed, scalability and cost-efficiency on Ethereum. Arbitrum benefits from the security and compatibility of Ethereum. Another benefit is the higher throughput and lower fees compared to Ethereum. That is made possible thanks to moving most of the computation and storage load off-chain.

Arbitrum’s native token is called ARB and is used for governance. Offchain Labs, the developers behind Arbitrum, announced the shift to a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) structure — the Arbitrum DAO. ARB holders can vote on proposals that affect the features, protocol upgrades, funds allocation and election of a Security Council.

Arbitrum has an ambitious roadmap for 2023, which includes: Launching its own layer-three solution called Orbit; Enabling developers to deploy programs written in popular programming languages like Rust, C++, and more using Stylus; Expanding its validator set to include more independent institutional validators; Moving its protocol to layer two with Arbitrum One.

On March 16, 2023,  Arbitrum announced their highly anticipated airdrop of ARB. The token will be airdropped to early users and DAOs building on Arbitrum, with 12.75% of the total supply to be distributed. Recipients were rewarded on a point-based system depending on their interaction with the Arbitrum network until a cutoff date of March 1, 2023. The token generation event is on March 23, 2023.

Arbitrum

Avalanche is a layer one blockchain that functions as a platform for decentralized applications and custom blockchain networks. It is one of Ethereum’s rivals, aiming to unseat Ethereum as the most popular blockchain for smart contracts. It aims to do so by having a higher transaction output of up to 6,500 transactions per second while not compromising scalability.

This is made possible by Avalanche’s unique architecture. The Avalanche network consists of three individual blockchains: the X-Chain, C-Chain and P-Chain. Each chain has a distinct purpose, which is radically different from the approach Bitcoin and Ethereum use, namely having all nodes validate all transactions. Avalanche blockchains even use different consensus mechanisms based on their use cases.

After its mainnet launch in 2020, Avalanche has worked on developing its own ecosystem of DApps and DeFi. Different Ethereum-based projects such as SushiSwap and TrueUSD have integrated with Avalanche. Furthermore, the platform is constantly working on improving interoperability between its own ecosystem and Ethereum, like through the development of bridges.

Avalanche

Optimism (OP) is a layer-two blockchain on top of Ethereum. Optimism benefits from the security of the Ethereum mainnet and helps scale the Ethereum ecosystem by using optimistic rollups. That means transactions are trustlessly recorded on Optimism but ultimately secured on Ethereum.

Optimism is one of the biggest scaling solutions for Ethereum with over $500 million in TVL. It is home to 97 protocols, the biggest being Synthetix (SNX), a derivatives exchange, Uniswap (UNI), a DEX, and Velodrome (VELO), an AMM. Users can begin their journey on Optimism by adding the chain on their Metamask and bridging tokens like ETH to the L2. On May 31, 2022, Optimism conducted a highly anticipated airdrop of its OP token.

Optimism

NEAR Protocol is a layer-one blockchain that was designed as a community-run cloud computing platform and that eliminates some of the limitations that have been bogging competing blockchains, such as low transaction speeds, low throughput and poor interoperability. This provides the ideal environment for DApps and creates a developer and user-friendly platform. For instance, NEAR uses human-readable account names, unlike the cryptographic wallet addresses common to Ethereum. NEAR also introduces unique solutions to scaling problems and has its own consensus mechanism called “Doomslug.”

NEAR Protocol is being built by the NEAR Collective, its community that is updating the initial code and releasing updates to the ecosystem. Its declared goal is to build a platform that is “secure enough to manage high value assets like money or identity and performant enough to make them useful for everyday people.”

Flux, a protocol that allows developers to create markets based on assets, commodities, real-world events, and Mintbase, an NFT minting platform are examples of projects being built on NEAR Protocol.

NEAR Protocol

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Solana is a highly functional open source project that banks on blockchain technology’s permissionless nature to provide decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions. While the idea and initial work on the project began in 2017, Solana was officially launched in March 2020 by the Solana Foundation with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Solana.

The Solana protocol is designed to facilitate decentralized app (DApp) creation. It aims to improve scalability by introducing a proof-of-history (PoH) consensus combined with the underlying proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus of the blockchain.

Because of the innovative hybrid consensus model, Solana enjoys interest from small-time traders and institutional traders alike. A significant focus for the Solana Foundation is to make decentralized finance accessible on a larger scale.

Solana

Bittensor

Sui is a groundbreaking layer-1 blockchain platform designed to support the needs of global adoption by offering a secure, powerful, and scalable development platform. At its core, Sui leverages a novel object-centric data model and the secure Move programming language to address inefficiencies prevalent in existing blockchain architectures.

On top of strong technical foundations, Sui prioritizes user experience by eliminating barriers commonly associated with blockchain interactions. Through innovations like zkLogin, sponsored transactions, and programmable transaction blocks, Sui creates a higher standard for user experience within Web3 by ensuring applications are accessible and user-friendly.

Polygon (previously Matic Network) is the first well-structured, easy-to-use platform for Ethereum scaling and infrastructure development. Its core component is Polygon SDK, a modular, flexible framework that supports building multiple types of applications.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Polygon Matic.

Using Polygon, one can create optimistic rollup chains, ZK rollup chains, stand alone chains or any other kind of infra required by the developer.

Polygon effectively transforms Ethereum into a full-fledged multi-chain system (aka Internet of Blockchains). This multi-chain system is akin to other ones such as Polkadot, Cosmos, Avalanche etc. with the advantages of Ethereum’s security, vibrant ecosystem and openness.

The $MATIC token will continue to exist and will play an increasingly important role, securing the system and enabling governance.

Polygon (formerly Matic Network) is a Layer 2 scaling solution backed by Binance and Coinbase. The project seeks to stimulate mass adoption of cryptocurrencies by resolving the problems of scalability on many blockchains.

Polygon combines the Plasma Framework and the proof-of-stake blockchain architecture. The Plasma framework used by Polygon as proposed by the co-founder of Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, allows for the easy execution of scalable and autonomous smart contracts.

Nothing will change for the existing ecosystem built on the Plasma-POS chain. With Polygon, new features are being built around the existing proven technology to expand the ability to cater to diverse needs from the developer ecosystem. Polygon will continue to develop the core technology so that it can scale to a larger ecosystem.

Polygon boasts of up to 65,000 transactions per second on a single side chain, along with a respectable block confirmation time of less than two seconds. The framework also allows for the creation of globally available decentralized financial applications on a single foundational blockchain.

The Plasma framework gives Polygon the potential of housing an unlimited number of decentralized applications on their infrastructure without experiencing the normal drawbacks common on proof-of-work blockchains. So far, Polygon has attracted more than 50 DApps to its PoS-secured Ethereum sidechain.

MATIC, the native tokens of Polygon, is an ERC-20 token running on the Ethereum blockchain. The tokens are used for payment services on Polygon and as a settlement currency between users who operate within the Polygon ecosystem. The transaction fees on Polygon sidechains are also paid in MATIC tokens.

Polygon

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Kaspa is a proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrency which implements the GHOSTDAG protocol. Unlike traditional blockchains, GHOSTDAG does not orphan blocks created in parallel, rather allows them to coexist and orders them in consensus. The Kaspa blockchain is actually a blockDAG. This generalization of Nakamoto consensus allows for secure operation while maintaining very high block rates (currently one block per second, aiming for 10/sec, dreaming of 100/sec) and minuscule confirmation times dominated by internet latency.

The Kaspa implementation includes a lot of cool features such as Reachability to query the DAG's topology, Block data pruning (with near-future plans for block header pruning), SPV proofs, and later subnetwork support which will make future implementation of layer 2 solutions much easier.

Kaspa

SingularityNET is a blockchain-powered platform that allows anybody to easily "create, share, and monetize" AI services, thanks to its globally-accessible AI marketplace.

Through the SingularityNET marketplace, users can browse, test and purchase a huge variety of AI services using the platform’s native utility token — AGIX. Moreover, the marketplace represents an outlet AI developers can use to publish and sell their AI tools, and easily track their performance.

With the benefits of LLMs and generative AI are increasingly exciting, their limitations are also becoming increasingly apparent. The convergence of structured knowledge with neural networks is emerging as the key to overcoming their shortcomings.

Uniquely positioned at the heart of this convergence, SingularityNET will prioritize the integration of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) and comprehensive Neural Symbolic tools for LLMs, with the goal of empowering developers to create the next generation of AI systems on the SingularityNET Platform.

SingularityNET is strategically positioned to become the Knowledge Layer of the Internet, leading the evolution of the emerging AI landscape while also laying the foundations for the Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) of tomorrow.

The team behind SingularityNET pioneered the development of an AI known as Sophia, which is described as the "world's most expressive robot". SingularityNET’s goal is to enable Sophia to be able to fully understand human language, and continue developing “OpenCog” — an AI framework that is hoped to eventually achieve a state known as “advanced general intelligence,” i.e. human-level artificial intelligence (or beyond).

The platform was first announced in 2017 and completed an initial coin offering (ICO) in December the same year, raising $36 million in just one minute.

SingularityNET

Ocean Protocol

The Internet Computer blockchain incorporates a radical rethink of blockchain design, powered by innovations in cryptography. It provides the first “World Computer” blockchain that can be used to build almost any online system or service, including demanding web social media, without need for traditional IT such as cloud computing services. As such it can enable full end-to-end decentralization.