ICON

## Что такое ICON Network (ICX)?

[ICON Network](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/icon/) — это блокчейн [первого уровня](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/layer-1-blockchain) из Южной Кореи. Заявленное видение компании заключается в создании совместимой блокчейн-сети, объединяющей автономные онлайн-сообщества и компании реального мира. ICON Network фокусируется на предоставлении реальной пользы за счет повышения гиперсвязности благодаря продвижению беспрепятственного обмена ценностями.

Проверяя транзакции на своем децентрализованном реестре, ICON может минимизировать количество посредников и устранить границы для трансграничных взаимодействий. В частности, компания фокусируется на таких сценариях использования, как децентрализованная идентификация, выпуск цифровых сертификатов, блокчейн-платежи, [децентрализованные финансы](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/defi), [невзаимозаменяемые токены](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/non-fungible-token) и дополнительные сценарии использования: электронное правительство, выборы, децентрализованные оракулы и электронное здравоохранение.

Благодаря ориентации на внедрение на предприятиях, ICON удалось наладить партнерские отношения с несколькими южнокорейскими компаниями и частным сектором страны. Например, ICONLOOP, ведущая компания Южной Кореи, специализирующаяся на технологии блокчейн, и основной участник проекта ICON, возглавляет крупнейший в Корее консорциум по децентрализованной идентификации. Кроме того, в августе 2020 года остров Чеджу выбрал компанию как подрядчика для конфиденциального и безопасного отслеживания контактов зараженных COVID-19. К другим партнерам Icon Network относятся Shinhan Bank, второй по величине коммерческий банк Южной Кореи и Danal Fintech, компания, стоящая за приложением для платежей и переводов Paycoin.

### Кто создал ICON Network?

ICON Network была основана Мин Кимом (Min Kim), бывшим директором по стратегии DAYLI Financial Group, крупнейшего корейского финтех-холдинга, и операционным директором Tapas Media, американской платформы распространения цифрового контента. Он также является выпускником Haas School of Business Калифорнийского университета в Беркли. Мин Ким инкубировал ICONLOOP, южнокорейскую компанию по разработке программного обеспечения, стоящую за разработкой loopchain ICON Network. Компания разрабатывает и поддерживает блокчейн под надзором от фонда ICON и является по факту открытой, но не полностью опенсорсной.

### Что особенного в ICON Network?

ICON Network фокусируется на нескольких различных сценариях использования для достижения заявленной цели - гиперсвязности в Южной Корее. Один из них - децентрализованная идентификация с помощью Zzeung, решения для аутентификации и управления идентификацией. Компания получила эксклюзивную лицензию от Комиссии по финансовым услугам в Южной Корее для предоставления децентрализованных услуг идентификации корпоративным клиентам в Южной Корее. Компании могут надежно хранить аутентификационную информацию своих пользователей и предоставлять услуги распознавания лиц для открытия финансовых счетов. Данные защищены через ICON Network. Другим примером децентрализованного сервиса идентификации является использование Zzeung для отслеживания контактов зараженных COVID-19.

Также ICON предоставляет услуги по выпуску, хранению и проверке цифровых сертификатов южнокорейским университетам, выдающим дипломы и квалификационные сертификаты. Более того, крупнейшая в Корее онлайн-платформа для поиска работы подтверждает академические и профессиональные качества соискателей с помощью решения по управлению цифровыми сертификатами, защищенного ICON.

Другой пример - служба регистрации и управления посетителями, использующая сеть ICON для выдачи уникальных пропусков для кафе, ресторанов, больниц и других заведений, которым требовалось отслеживать своих посетителей во время пандемии COVID.

У ICON также процветающая экосистема DeFi и NFT, соединенная с сетью Ethereum через Orbit Bridge, который позволяет переводить токены на Ethereum в ICON. В отличие от большинства продуктов DeFi, в продуктах ICON большое внимание уделяется пользовательскому опыту. В качестве примера можно привести Balanced Network, привнесшую стейблкоины в ICON Network, и Open Money Market, платформу для кредитования.

#### Связанные страницы:

Обратите внимание на [Solana](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/solana/) (SOL) — высокоскоростной блокчейн.

Обратите внимание на [Polkadot](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/polkadot-new/) (DOT) — еще один блокчейн для будущего со множеством цепочек.

Читайте наш [глубокое погружение в Avalanche, еще один блокчейн первого уровня](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/de/article/a-deep-dive-into-avalanche-avax).

Будьте в курсе последних новостей о криптовалюте и актуальных трейдинговых инсайтов с [блогом CoinMarketCap](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog).

### Сколько монет ICON Network (ICX) находится в обращении?

Текущий объем предложения ICX составляет 800 миллионов токенов, при этом жесткого ограничения на общий объем эмиссии нет. Распределение токенов выглядит следующим образом:

* 400 миллионов ICX, проданных на ICO в сентябре 2017 года по цене $0,11
* 16% резерв сообщества
* 10% команде, консультантам и ранним вкладчикам
* 10% группе сообщества и стратегическим партнерам
* 14% в фонд ICON

ICX используется для майнинга, оплаты смарт-контрактов и транзакций, а также для вознаграждения пользователей за участие в работе сети. Вознаграждение за стейкинг составляет от 6% до 36% в год, в зависимости от суммы. Период разблокировки зависит от количества ICX в стейкинге: чем меньше ICX из общего количества в стейкинге, тем дольше период разблокировки, который может составлять от 20 дней до пяти дней.

### Как обеспечивается безопасность сети ICON Network?

ICON защищен византийским механизмом консенсуса с делегированным доказательством доли. Валидаторы в экосистеме ICON называются публичными представителями (P-Reps) и обеспечивают безопасность сети ICON Network путем стейкинга ее собственного токена ICX. 100 из этих P-Reps, 22 главных P-Reps и 78 суб P-Reps, отвечают за управление сетью и производство блоков.

Владельцы токенов, называемые ICONists, могут делегировать свои ICX этим P-Reps для обеспечения безопасности сети. За каждым P-Rep стоят заблокированные средства их ICONist'ов. Кроме того, новые кандидаты могут стать одним из 100 лучших P-Reps, внося свой вклад в валидацию работы сети. P-Reps управляются командами разработчиков программного обеспечения, маркетологов, корпораций и других участников, которые вносят долгосрочный вклад в проект ICON.

### Где можно приобрести токены ICON Network (ICX)?

ICX доступен на биржах [FTX](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/ftx/), [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/binance/), [Uniswap (V2)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/uniswap-v2/), [BitStamp](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/bitstamp/) и [Gate.io](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/gate-io/).

Вот еще несколько статей, которые могут вас заинтересовать:

* [Что такое Crypto Faucet?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [Что такое криптовалютные дебетовые карты?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [Что такое Web 3.0?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [Что такое доходное фермерство?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [Что такое криптовалютное кредитование?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

Hana

Ledger

Trezor

Trust Wallet

Math Wallet

ICONex

Atomic wallet

🌐 ICON Network is a layer-one blockchain focused on building a multichain bridging solution that is scalable, chain-agnostic, and secure!

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

Zilliqa is a public, permissionless blockchain that is designed to offer high throughput with the ability to complete thousands of transactions per second. It seeks to solve the issue of blockchain scalability and speed by employing sharding as a second-layer scaling solution. The platform is home to many decentralized applications, and as of October 2020, it also allows for staking and yield farming.

Development work officially started on Zilliqa in June 2017, and its testnet went live in March 2018. A little over a year later, in June 2019, the platform launched its mainnet.

The native utility token of Zilliqa, ZIL, is used to process transactions on the network and execute smart contracts.

Zilliqa

NEM is a blockchain platform that was launched in March of 2015. It was one of the pioneers of the cryptocurrency industry, and sought to improve on the imperfections found on other chains at the time. It was one of the first non-turing complete chains to feature user-defined tokens (called mosaics), namespaces, multisignature accounts, and a P2P reputation system based on EigenTrust++. Its most notable contribution to the space is the proof-of-importance consensus mechanism, which sought to reward on-chain activity and deter the concentration of wealth commonly associated with proof-of-stake. Its client, NIS, is written in Java.

NEM has a global community. It sees the most utility as an alternative form of payment for businesses and vendors, and has a variety of social media apps built on top of it in Japan, such as nemgraph, a community-driven owned and operated alternative to Instagram.

In December 2021, NEM was hard forked by a pseudonymous team of cryptocurrency experts and enthusiasts alike. Titled Harlock, this hard fork signaled the community’s intent to take NEM from a shadow of its former self into the world’s leading payments platform for on-chain and off-chain media content.

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

Ren (REN) is an open protocol built to provide interoperability and liquidity between different blockchain platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Ren.

Formerly known as Republic Protocol, Ren launched RenVM, its virtual machine mainnet, in May 2020, having completed a $34 million initial coin offering (ICO) in 2018.

The protocol’s native token, REN, functions as a bond for those running nodes which power RenVM, known as Darknodes.

Ren aims to expand the interoperability, and hence accessibility, of decentralized finance (DeFi) by removing hurdles involved in liquidity between blockchains.

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. Due to the decentralized nature of the token distribution on EOS, power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

Basic Attention Token

Billed as "digital money for the modern world," nano is a lightweight cryptocurrency that is designed to facilitate secure, practically instant payments, without fees, and addresses some of the major limitations of both legacy financial infrastructure, and many modern cryptocurrencies.

Development of the project began in 2014 under the name RaiBlocks, and the coin (then termed XRB) launched the following year through a public faucet, which allowed users to claim small amounts of XRB after completing a captcha challenge. Anyone with access to a computer or phone could solve captchas, and be rewarded with RaiBlocks. The number of XRB people received per solved captcha varied over time

RaiBlocks (XRB) was rebranded to Nano in January 2018, with the new name chosen to better represent the speed and simplicity the project offers to users.

It is a peer-to-peer platform that uses a unique block-lattice data structure to allow users to easily transfer value to one another without relying on centralized intermediaries.

Unlike other platforms which typically use the combined proof-of-work of a massive mining network to achieve consensus, nano instead uses a system known as Open Representative Voting (ORV) — which sees account holders vote for their chosen representative, who then work to confirm blocks of transactions securely.

ORV makes Nano extremely energy efficient, positioning it as a more environmentally friendly alternative to proof-of-work (POW)-based cryptocurrencies.

In November, 2021, aiming to bring nano to the real world and to comply with the globally-recognized standards of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) requirements, nano adopted a new ticker and a standard symbol: XNO and Ӿ.

Nano

Lisk is striving to on-board 100,000,000 users into crypto and web3 by offering an accessible blockchain application platform and an industry leading JavaScript SDK.

Released in 2019, the Lisk SDK enables developers to build application-specific blockchains entirely in JavaScript, the most widely used programming language in the world. To get a deep-dive into the Lisk SDK, please visit the Lisk SDK documentation or watch Lisk.js 2019 and Lisk.js 2022.

To be released in 2022, the Lisk blockchain application platform allows interoperability between all application-specific blockchains built with the Lisk SDK. With other words, users will be able to use DeFi, NFT or Metaverse blockchain applications on Lisk.

To better understand why Lisk is important watch the following videos: The Case for Lisk and The Ultimate Vision for Lisk.

If you are curious about Lisk’s history and journey, watch Looking Back on Lisk.

The Lisk project is managed by the Lisk Foundation, a non-profit entity based in Zug, Switzerland. A local team of experts specialized in law and finance, as well as yearly audits, ensure the proper handling of funds and regulatory compliance under the supervision of the Swiss Federal Foundation Supervisory Authority (ESA, Eidgenössische Stiftungsaufsicht).

The Lisk products are developed by the Lightcurve GmbH, a Berlin based blockchain studio. With a team of over 40 blockchain experts, Lightcurve is researching, developing and promoting the Lisk SDK and the Lisk blockchain application platform.

Lisk

Waves is a multi-purpose blockchain platform which supports various use cases including decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts.

Launched in June 2016 following one of the cryptocurrency industry’s earliest initial coin offerings (ICO), Waves initially set out to improve on the first blockchain platforms by increasing speed, utility and user-friendliness.

The platform has undergone various changes and added new spin-off features to build on its original design.

Waves’ native token is WAVES, an uncapped supply token used for standard payments such as block rewards.

Waves

Bancor is an ecosystem of decentralized, open-source protocols that promote on-chain trading and liquidity.

Its main protocol, Carbon, is a decentralized trading protocol allowing users to perform automated trading strategies using custom on-chain limit orders and range orders, with the option of combining orders together to create automated buy low, sell high strategies.

By design, Carbon orders are irreversible on execution, easily adjustable directly on-chain, and resistant to MEV sandwich attacks. These capabilities give users an unprecedented level of control and automation to perform novel trading strategies on-chain.

Fast Lane, a separate open-source arbitrage protocol, allows any user to perform arbitrage between Bancor ecosystem protocols and external on-chain exchanges and redirect arbitrage profits back to the Bancor ecosystem.

All Bancor ecosystem protocols are governed by the BancorDAO via staked BNT.

Bancor

Siacoin (SC) is the native utility token of Sia, a blockchain-based distributed, decentralized cloud storage platform. Sia acts as a secure, trustless marketplace for cloud storage in which users can lease access to their unused storage space. Agreements and transactions are enforced with smart contracts, and Siacoin is the medium of exchange for paying for storage on the network. The main goal of the project is to become the "backbone storage layer of the internet."

Sia was originally announced in May 2014 before being revised and re-announced a year later in May 2015. It officially launched in June 2015.

Siacoin

Harmony is a blockchain platform designed to facilitate the creation and use of decentralized applications (DApps). The network aims to innovate the way decentralized applications work by focusing on random state sharding, which allows creating blocks in seconds.

According to the project’s website, Harmony is expected to introduce cross-shard contracts and a cross-chain infrastructure by the end of 2021.

Harmony

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

DigiByte (DGB) is an open source blockchain and asset creation platform. Development began in October 2013 and the genesis block of its DGB token was mined in January 2014 as a fork of Bitcoin (BTC).

A longstanding public blockchain and cryptocurrency, DigiByte uses five different algorithms to improve security, and originally aimed to improve on the Bitcoin blockchain’s security, capacity and transaction speed.

DigiByte consists of three layers: a smart contract “App Store,” a public ledger and the core protocol featuring nodes communicating to relay transactions.