What Is ENS?

An Ugly Culture War Has Broken Out in Crypto. Why?

Podcast: The Bitfinex Hack... Rapped Up (Sorry)

Crypto News, Feb. 8: Industry's Toxicity Exposed

'I Felt Shocked': Transphobic Abuse Sent on Blockchain

## Что такое Ethereum Name Service (ENS)?

[Ethereum Name Service (ENS)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/ethereum-name-service/) - это распределенная, открытая и расширяемая система назначения имён, основанная на блокчейне Ethereum. ENS преобразует человекочитаемые адреса Ethereum, такие как john.eth, в машиночитаемые буквенно-цифровые коды, которые вы знаете по взаимодействию с кошельками вроде [Metamask](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/metamask). Так же работает и обратное преобразование: связывание метаданных и адресов, читаемых машиной, с адресами [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/ethereum/).

Цель Ethereum Name Service в том, чтобы сделать глобальную сеть на основе Ethereum более доступной и понятной для людей - подобно тому, как служба доменных имен интернета делает интернет более доступным. Как и DNS, ENS также использует систему разделенных точками иерархических имен, называемых доменами, причем владельцы доменов полностью контролируют свои поддомены.

В ноябре 2021 года ENS была запущена с очень успешным ретроактивным [аирдропом](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/airdrop), в рамках которого токены получили все пользователи, которые зарегистрировали адреса до запуска токена. Однако в феврале 2022 года компания столкнулась с критикой из-за явно [гомофобных твитов](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/ens-in-crisis-as-leader-s-unacceptable-tweet-emerges) своего операционного директора.

### Кто создал Ethereum Name Service?

Первоначально ENS являлась частью Ethereum Foundation, но в 2018 году стала отдельной организацией. Его ведущий разработчик - Ник Джонсон (Nick Johnson), программист из Новой Зеландии, который ранее работал в Google и Ethereum Foundation. Команда ENS состоит из девяти человек, а ее казначейство управляется корневой [мультиподписью](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/multisignature) 4-7 с следующими членами:

* Nick Johnson - ENS
* Sergey Nazarov - Chainlink
* Dan Finlay - Metamask
* Taylor Monahan - MyCrypto
* Aron Fischer - Colony
* Jason Carver - Ethereum Foundation
* Martin Swende - Ethereum Foundation

Хотя у ENS нет инвесторов как таковых, его поддерживают Ethereum Foundation, Binance_X, Chainlink, Ethereum Classic Labs и Protocol Labs.

### Что особенного в Ethereum Name Service?

Сервис имен Ethereum обладает единственным в своем роде ценностным предложением благодаря тому, что является первым сервисом, который предлагает службу доменных имен на децентрализованного мира Web3.

ENS - это не компания, а проект с открытым исходным кодом, который называет себя "открытой общественной службой, принадлежащей компании." Фактически, проект стремится стать частью инфраструктуры, столь же жизненно важной для Web3, как DNS для интернета. У ENS нет единой точки отказа благодаря технологии блокчейн и по своей конструкции он является более устойчивым к цензуре и безопасным.

Одним из главных препятствий для массового внедрения технологий блокчейн была не лучшая доступность и сложность использования, которую ENS стремится устранить. Вместо того чтобы использовать машиночитаемые неудобные буквенно-цифровые коды, пользователи могут пересылать любую криптовалюту или [NFT](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/non-fungible-token) на короткую и легко запоминающуюся ссылку. Это упрощает пользовательский опыт и делает технологию блокчейн менее технически сложной.

Под капотом ENS работают два [смарт-контракта](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract). Первый - это реестр ENS, регистрирующий домены, зарегистрированные на ENS, и хранящий следующую информацию о каждом из них:

* Владелец домена
* Распознователь домена
* Время кэширования для всех записей под доменом

Второй смарт-контракт - это резольвер (распознаватель). Его цель - перевести машиночитаемые адреса в доменные имена и наоборот и сопоставить каждый домен с соответствующим ему пользователем, сайтом или адресом.

#### Связанные страницы:

Ознакомьтесь с решением [Chainlink (LINK)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/chainlink/) — используемыми многими протоколами оракулами.

Посмотрите на [Terra (LUNA)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/terra-luna/) - некогда популярный блокчейн первого уровня.

Узнайте больше о Ethereum Name Service с нашим [глубоким погружением в ENS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-ens).

Будьте в курсе последних новостей о криптовалюте и актуальных трейдинговых инсайтов с [блогом CoinMarketCap](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog).

### Сколько монет Ethereum Name Service (ENS) находится в обращении?

ENS - это [управляющий токен](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/governance-token) службы имён Ethereum Name Service, который используется для управления протоколом и влияния на решения о ценообразовании его .eth адресов и ценовым оракулом. Держатели токенов могут делегировать свои токены [ДАО](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-autonomous-organizations-dao) для голосования. [Полное предложение](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/total-supply) ENS составляет 100 миллионов, и [оборотное предложение](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/circulating-supply) — около 20 миллионов токенов на момент написания этого текста. ENS распределены следующим образом:

* Общественное Казначейство DAO Community Treasury (50%): 10% при запуске, линейная разблокировка в течение четырех лет.
* Airdrop держателям ETH (25%)
* Соучастники (25%), с линейной разблокировкой в течение четырех лет, включая: 
* Основные соучастники: 18.96%
* Избранные интеграции: 2.5%
* Будущие соучастники: 1.25%
* Внешние соучастники: 1.29%
* Советники по запуску: 0.58%
* Держатели ключей: 0.25%
* Активные пользователи Discord: 0.125%
* Переводчики: 0.05%

### Как обеспечивается безопасность сети Ethereum Name Service?

ENS работает на [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/currencies/ethereum/), который защищен [механизмом консенсуса proof-of-stake](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-work-pow). Набор децентрализованных узлов проверяет и подтверждает все транзакции, и защищает блокчейн Ethereum. Благодаря децентрализованной природе Ethereum и более 10 000 [узлов](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/node), обеспечивающих безопасность сети, у ENS нет какой-либо единой точки отказа и по сути система не может быть взломана.

Ethereum Name Service сотрудничает с известными крипто кошельками, такими как Coinbase Wallet, Trust Wallet, My Crypto и другими.

### Где можно купить Ethereum Name Service (ENS)?

ENS доступен на [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/binance/), [OKX](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/okx/), [Bitget](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/bitget/), [Mandala Exchange](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/mandala/), и [FTX](https://coinmarketcap.com/ru/exchanges/ftx/).

Чтобы узнать больше о том, как начать торговать криптовалютой, вы можете ознакомиться с [нашим пошаговым руководством](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/).

Ethereum Name Service

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

SolFlare

Backpack

Phantom

Welcome to Ethereum Name Service's Community channel aggregated by CoinMarketCap.

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Uniswap

ether.fi

Ocean Protocol

DeXe

Tether Gold

Curve DAO Token

MANTRA

Ribbon Finance

Holo

ssv.network

APENFT

Gorilla In A Coupe

Bit.Store

Lends

Wrapped TAO

Dogecoin20

Ethereum-based DYDX ($ethDYDX) is a governance token that allows the dYdX community to truly govern the dYdX Layer 2 Protocol built on Ethereum ("dYdX v3"). ethDYDX is currently undergoing a migration from Ethereum to the dYdX Chain. More information is available here. If you want to migrate ethDYDX to dYdX Chain DYDX, to enable staking, security and governance of the dYdX Chain you can follow the how-to-bridge guide here.

If you want to read about the new token utility for dYdX Chain DYDX you can read the blog here

ethDYDX (dYdX) is the governance token for the layer 2 protocol built on Ethereum. By enabling shared control of dYdX v3, ethDYDX allows traders, liquidity providers, and partners of dYdX to work collectively towards an enhanced dYdX v3.

Built on StarkWare’s StarkEx scalability engine, layer 2 is used for trading of cross-margined perpetuals on the platform. The scaling solution allows dYdX to increase transaction speed, eliminate gas costs, reduce trading fees and lower​​ minimum trade sizes on the protocol.

A total of 1,000,000,000 ethDYDX have been minted, and started to become accessible over five (5) years, on August 3rd, 2021, at 15:00:00 UTC.

dYdX (ethDYDX)

Mask Network is a protocol that allows its users to send encrypted messages over Twitter and Facebook. It essentially acts as a bridge between the internet and a decentralized network running on top.

Mask Network was initially launched in July 2019, with its first use case of allowing Facebook and Twitter users to encrypt posts on the social media platforms. It then raised $2 million in a funding round in November 2020, co-led by HashKey and Hash Global, and a further $3 million funding round in February 2021 with participation from Digital Currency Group and Fundamental Labs.

Now, Mask Network offers the ability to fund Gitcoin grant campaigns directly from Twitter, as well as plans to offer peer-to-peer payments and decentralized storage functionality. It is a decentralized portal that also allows users to use DApps like crypto payments, decentralized finance, decentralized storage, e-commerce (digital goods/NFTs) and decentralized organizations (DAO) over the top of existing social networks without migrating, creating what is referred to as a decentralized Applet (DApplet) ecosystem.

Mask Network

Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.

Launched in January 2020, Curve is now synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) phenomenon, and has seen significant growth in the second half of 2020.

In August, Curve launched a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), with CRV as its in-house token. The DAO uses Ethereum-based creation tool Aragon to connect multiple smart contracts used for users’ deposited liquidity. Issues such as governance, however, differ from Aragon in their weighting and other respects.

Lido DAO is a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) which provides staking infrastructure for multiple blockchain networks.

Most notably, the platform provides a liquid staking solution for Ethereum, allowing users to stake their ETH and receive stETH (Lido staked ETH) tokens in exchange, which represent the user's staked ETH and staking rewards.

Lido DAO is secured by a mix of decentralized governance, audited code and smart contracts. The Lido protocol runs on Ethereum with help from smart contracts that process user deposits and distribute staking rewards, among other functions. Several third-party security firms have audited Lido’s smart contracts in order to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.

The platform’s native token is LDO - which also serves as the governance token for Lido DAO. Holders can participate in governance proposals and vote on key decisions such as board adjustments, new integrations and platform updates. LDO holders have the right to determine the development and operation of the platform.

Lido currently supports staking for Ethereum and Polygon only with the recent sunsetting of Solana.

Lido DAO

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Optimism (OP) is a layer-two blockchain on top of Ethereum. Optimism benefits from the security of the Ethereum mainnet and helps scale the Ethereum ecosystem by using optimistic rollups. That means transactions are trustlessly recorded on Optimism but ultimately secured on Ethereum.

Optimism is one of the biggest scaling solutions for Ethereum with over $500 million in TVL. It is home to 97 protocols, the biggest being Synthetix (SNX), a derivatives exchange, Uniswap (UNI), a DEX, and Velodrome (VELO), an AMM. Users can begin their journey on Optimism by adding the chain on their Metamask and bridging tokens like ETH to the L2. On May 31, 2022, Optimism conducted a highly anticipated airdrop of its OP token.

Optimism

Immutable positions itself as the first layer-two scaling solution for NFTs on Ethereum. According to Immutable, its blockchain does away with Ethereum’s limitations like low scalability, a poor user experience, illiquidity, and a slow developer experience. Instead, users benefit from instant trading and massive scalability while enjoying zero gas fees for minting and trading NFTs without compromising user or asset security.

Thanks to this technology, users will be able to create and distribute assets like ERC-20 and ERC-721 tokens on a massive scale. Chris Clay, the game Director of Gods Unchained, a project already building on Immutable, stated that Immutable allows Gods Unchained to implement a new meta-system that was previously impossible. In this fashion, Immutable aims to create a world-class experience for users and developers alike.

Immutable

LRC is the Ethereum-based cryptocurrency token of Loopring, an open protocol designed for the building of decentralized crypto exchanges.

In 2020, the average daily trading volume of the entire cryptocurrency market fluctuated in the approximate range of $50-$200 million. Most of that trading is conducted on centralized cryptocurrency exchanges — online platforms operated by private companies that store users’ funds and facilitate the matching of buy and sell orders.

Such platforms have a number of downsides common to all of them, so a new type of exchange — decentralized— has emerged to try to alleviate these disadvantages. However, fully decentralized exchanges are not without their own flaws.

Loopring’s purported goal is to combine centralized order matching with decentralized on-blockchain order settlement into a hybridized product that will take the best aspects of both centralized and decentralized exchanges.

LRC tokens became available to the public during an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2017, while the Loopring protocol was first deployed on Ethereum mainnet in December 2019.

Loopring

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Launched in 2017, Livepeer is the first live video streaming network protocol that is fully decentralized. The platform aims to become a viable blockchain-based, economically efficient alternative to centralized broadcasting solutions for all new and existing broadcaster companies.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Livepeer.

As stated in the official Livepeer whitepaper, the live video streaming and broadcasting industry is growing at a rapid pace, and the company is looking to ride this wave and introduce decentralization to the environment. Livepeer aims to streamline the broadcasting process by allowing producers to submit their work on the platform, taking care of reformatting and distributing the content to users and streaming platforms.

Livepeer

Mina Protocol is a minimal “succinct blockchain” built to curtail computational requirements in order to run DApps more efficiently. Mina has been described as the world’s lightest blockchain since its size is designed to remain constant despite growth in usage. Furthermore, it remains balanced in terms of security and decentralization. The project was rebranded from Coda Protocol to Mina in October 2020.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Mina Protocol.

The Mina network has a size of only 22 KB, which is miniscule when compared to Bitcoin’s 300 GB blockchain.

Mina

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.

Filecoin

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

ApeCoin is an ERC-20 governance and utility token used within the APE Ecosystem to empower and incentivize a decentralized community building at the forefront of web3.

ApeCoin holders govern themselves via the decentralized governance framework controlling the ApeCoin DAO, and vote on how the ApeCoin DAO Ecosystem Fund should be used. The APE Foundation administers proposals agreed upon by ApeCoin holders.

ApeCoin

Audius is a decentralized music streaming protocol initially built on POA network, but now living on Solana. Audius was launched to remedy the inefficiencies of the music industry, which is plagued by intransparent music rights ownership and intermediaries standing between artists and their audience.

Audius aims to align the interests of artists, fans, and node operators through its platform powered by its native AUDIO token. Artists can upload music, stored and distributed by content and discovery nodes, that fans can listen to for free. Currently, Audius rewards content creators through rewards like featuring in the weekly trending lists. In the future, it plans to integrate stablecoins for artists to offer paid content, as well as artist tokens that give fans the ability to access exclusive content, potentially cooperating with platforms like Rally.

Audius

Arweave is a decentralized storage network that seeks to offer a platform for the indefinite storage of data. Describing itself as "a collectively owned hard drive that never forgets," the network primarily hosts "the permaweb" — a permanent, decentralized web with a number of community-driven applications and platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Arweave.

The Arweave network uses a native cryptocurrency, AR, to pay "miners" to indefinitely store the network's information.

The project was first announced as Archain in August 2017, later rebranding to Arweave in February 2018 and officially launching in June 2018.

Arweave

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

Flow

Aptos is a Layer 1 Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain that employs a novel smart contract programming language called Move, a Rust-based programming language that was independently developed by Meta (formerly Facebook)’s Diem blockchain engineers.

Aptos’s vision is a blockchain that brings mainstream adoption to web3 and empowers an ecosystem of DApps to solve real-world user problems.

The PoS blockchain can achieve a theoretical transaction throughput of over 150,000 transactions per second (tps) through parallel execution.

In March 2022, Aptos raised $200 million in a seed round led by the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz (a16z). Other crypto heavyweights like Tiger Global and Multicoin Capital took part in the funding round. Fast forward to July, the startup raised another $200 million in a Series A round with participation from Dragonfly, Apollo Global, Franklin Templeton, Animoca, Jump Crypto and others.

Two months later, Binance Labs made a strategic investment of an undisclosed amount in Aptos.

On Oct. 18, 2022, Aptos announced the mainnet launch, while the Aptos genesis occurred on Oct. 12, 2022.