## नियो (NEO) क्या है?

नियो खुद को एक "तेजी से बढ़ते और विकासशील" पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र के रूप में पेश करता है जिसका लक्ष्य इंटरनेट की अगली पीढ़ी के लिए नींव बनना है — एक नई अर्थव्यवस्था जहां डिजीटल भुगतान, पहचान और संपत्तियों का मिलन होता है।

इसे शुरुआत में एंटशेयर के रूप में जाना जाता था। फरवरी 2014 में जब यह लॉन्च हुआ था तब इसे चीन का पहला सार्वजनिक ब्लॉकचैन माना जाता था। इस ओपन-सोर्स प्लेटफॉर्म को तीन साल बाद नियो नाम के साथ पुनः ब्रांडेड किया गया।

नेटवर्क के लिए नया बुनियादी ढांचा तैयार करने वाले और प्रवेश के लिए बाधाओं को कम करने वाले डेवलपर्स का एक विश्वव्यापी समुदाय बनाने के साथ-साथ, इस प्रोजेक्ट को बनाने वाली टीम एक इकोबूस्ट पहल संचालित करती है, जिसे लोगों को इसकी ब्लॉकचैन पर विकेंद्रीकृत एप्स और स्मार्ट कांट्रैक्ट का निर्माण करने का प्रोत्साहन देने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है।

इसे अक्सर एथेरियम नेटवर्क का चीनी संस्करण कहा जाता है।

### नियो के संस्थापक कौन हैं?

नियो और इसके पूर्ववर्ती एंटशेयर के सह-संस्थापक, दा होंगफेई और एरिक झांग हैं। दोनों नियो फाउंडेशन के अध्यक्ष के रूप में काम करते हैं, जिसका उद्देश्य ब्लॉकचैन के उपयोग को बढ़ावा देना है।

दा होंगफेई ने कहा है कि, हालांकि इंटरनेट एक महान आविष्कार है, इसमें कई खामियां हैं — और इसका मतलब है कि रोजमर्रा के उपभोक्ताओं का हमेशा अपने डेटा पर नियंत्रण नहीं होता है। उद्यमी का मानना है कि ब्लॉकचैन एप्लिकेशंस अंततः मुख्यधारा में आ जाएंगी।

एरिक झांग डेलिगेटेड [बाइज़नटीन फॉल्ट टॉलरेंस](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/byzantine-fault-tolerance-bft) एल्गोरिथ्म के लेखक थे, जिसका उद्देश्य अविश्वसनीय प्रतिभागियों को ब्लॉकचैन के संचालन में भाग लेने से रोकना है। इस तकनीक का उपयोग नियो ब्लॉकचैन में किया जाने लगा है। उन्होंने इस नेटवर्क के लिए मुख्य डेवलपर के रूप में भी काम किया है और नियो 3.0 के विकास में एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा रहे हैं, जो परियोजना के बुनियादी ढांचे की अगली पुनरावृत्ति है।

### वह क्या है जो नियो को खास बनाता है?

नियो ब्लॉकचैन के अनूठे विक्रय बिंदुओं में से एक इसके निरंतर विकास से संबंधित है, जो यह सुनिश्चित करने में मदद करता है कि यह भविष्य के लिए प्रतिरोधी है और मांग में अचानक वृद्धि का सामना करने में सक्षम है। जैसा कि पहले उल्लेख किया गया है, परियोजना ने नियो 3.0 विकसित किया है — जो नेटवर्क सुरक्षा को बढ़ाता है और प्रति सेकंड अधिक से अधिक लेनदेन को संसाधित करने की अनुमति देता है।

कई अन्य ब्लॉकचेन के विपरीत, इस नेटवर्क में दो मूल टोकन हैं: NEO और GAS। हालांकि NEO एक निवेश टोकन के रूप में कार्य करता है और लोगों को ब्लॉकचैन में सुधार से संबंधित वोटों में भाग लेने की अनुमति देता है, GAS का उपयोग नेटवर्क पर पूरे किए जा रहे लेनदेन के लिए शुल्क का भुगतान करने के लिए किया जाता है।

कुछ ही अन्य ब्लॉकचेन परियोजनाएं हैं जो उस हद तक विकास कोष का संचालन करती हैं, जिस हद तक नियो करता है। EcoBoost को 2019 में लॉन्च किया गया था, और इसे एक पहल के रूप में पेश किया गया था जो "उच्च-संभावित परियोजनाओं के लिए पूर्ण जीवन-चक्र समर्थन" प्रदान करती है — जिसमें सोशल मीडिया पर अनुदान, तकनीकी सहायता और प्रचार शामिल है।

### संबंधित पृष्ठ:

[GAS: नियो के दूसरे मूल टोकन के बारे में अधिक जानें](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/gas/)

[एथेरियम और नियो की तुलना में, नियो कहाँ खड़ा है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/ethereum/)

[हमारे व्यापक क्रिप्टो संबन्धित कैसे-करें मार्गदर्शिकाओं का अन्वेषण करें](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/how-to-guides)

[क्रिप्टो उद्योग में क्या चल रहा है? जानें हमारे ब्लॉग में](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/)

### प्रचलन में कितने नियो (NEO) सिक्के हैं?

लेखन के समय, प्रचलन में 70.5 मिलियन NEO हैं — और कुल आपूर्ति 100 मिलियन है। NEO टोकन का खनन नहीं किया जाता है, और वास्तव में, उनमें से सभी 100 मिलियन ब्लॉकचैन लॉन्च करते समय उत्पन्न किए गए थे।

ये टोकन 50/50 के आधार पर वितरित किए गए थे — आधा हिस्सा टोकन बिक्री में प्रतिभागियों के पास गया, और दूसरे आधे हिस्से को डेवलपर्स और NEO परिषद के बीच विभाजित किया गया। उस समय, यह पुष्टि की गई थी कि इन फंडों का उपयोग संगठन द्वारा समर्थित अन्य ब्लॉकचैन प्रोटोकॉल में निवेश करने के लिए किया जाएगा।

इस बीच, जब भी कोई नया ब्लॉक बनाया जाता है, तो हर 20 सेकंड में GAS उत्पन्न होता है। बनाए गए टोकन की संख्या हर साल धीरे-धीरे कम हो जाती है, और यह अनुमान है कि 100 मिलियन की कुल आपूर्ति को संचलन में प्रवेश करने के में 22 साल लगेंगे।

### नियो नेटवर्क किस प्रकार सुरक्षित किया जाता है?

जैसा कि हमने पहले उल्लेख किया है, नियो डेलिगेटेड बाईज़नटीन फॉल्ट टॉलरेंस का उपयोग करता है, और यह अनुमान लगाया जाता है कि ब्लॉकचेन प्रति सेकंड हजारों लेनदेन को संसाधित करने में सक्षम है।

नियो के अनुसार, डीबीएफटी तंत्र प्रैक्टिकल बाईज़नटीन फॉल्ट टॉलरेंस एल्गोरिथम से प्रेरित है।

यह देखते हुए कि कैसे दोनों सर्वसम्मति तंत्र टोकन धारकों को लेनदेन की प्रक्रिया करने वाले प्रतिनिधियों के लिए वोट करने की अनुमति देते हैं, इस तंत्र की प्रत्यायोजित प्रूफ-ऑफ-स्टेक के साथ कुछ समानताएं हैं।

डीबीएफटी के माध्यम से, ब्लॉकचैन में तब तक ब्लॉक जोड़े जाते हैं जब तक कि कम से कम दो-तिहाई प्रतिनिधि सर्वसम्मति तक नहीं पहुंच जाते — और यह आशा की जाती है कि यह खराब कर्ताओं को नेटवर्क के सुचारू संचालन में बाधा डालने से रोकने में मदद करता है।

### आप नियो (NEO) कहां से खरीद सकते हैं?

NEO को कई एक्सचेंजों पर खरीदा जा सकता है – जिनमें Binance, Poloniex और HitBTC शामिल हैं। लेकिन यह सार्वभौमिक रूप से उपलब्ध नहीं है और कॉइनबेस जैसे कुछ प्लेटफार्मों द्वारा समर्थित नहीं है।

कई एक्सचेंज ट्रेडिंग जोड़े प्रदान करते हैं जो NEO को बिटकॉइन से जोड़ते हैं। [यहां अपने फिएट को बीटीसी में बदलने के बारे में और जानें।](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/)

The Worst-Performing Altcoins in September

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Nash

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. EOS is fully decentralized power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that features unique architecture and an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions to use in Web3. It is built on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle, which can be pictured as a multi-dimensional blockchain. It enables the exchange of data and value on a decentralized platform through direct and secure transfers, executed on and immutably recorded on the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into IOTA.

Together with its staging network Shimmer, IOTA aims to offer solutions to establish a secure and permissionless infrastructure that can drive the economy of the future. It enables the development of decentralized applications through automated trust in the form of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, an advanced consensus algorithm, and thoughtfully balanced incentives.

IOTA delivers tools for creating and managing custom Layer 2 (EVM) chains, deploying smart contracts, minting native tokens and NFTs with distinctive features, and introducing digital identities to users.

Launching in 2024, IOTA 2.0 will be a protocol upgrade that rebuilds IOTA’s architecture to deliver full decentralization. You can find more about it here.

IOTA

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

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Zcash is a decentralized cryptocurrency focused on privacy and anonymity. It uses the zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proof technology that allows nodes on the network to verify transactions without revealing any sensitive information about those transactions.

Contrary to a common misunderstanding, the majority of cryptocurrencies on the market, including Bitcoin (BTC), are not anonymous, but rather pseudonymous; while they do not explicitly reveal the identities of their users, each user has their own public address or addresses which can be traced back to them via the methods of data science and blockchain forensics.

Zcash transactions, on the other hand, still have to be relayed via a public blockchain, but unlike pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, ZEC transactions by default do not reveal the sending and receiving addresses or the amount being sent. There is an option, however, to reveal this data for the purposes of auditing or regulatory compliance.

Zcash was first released on October 28, 2016, and it was originally based on Bitcoin’s codebase.

Zcash

Litecoin (LTC) is a cryptocurrency that was designed to provide fast, secure and low-cost payments by leveraging the unique properties of blockchain technology.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Litecoin.

The cryptocurrency was created based on the Bitcoin (BTC) protocol, but it differs in terms of the hashing algorithm used, hard cap, block transaction times and a few other factors. Litecoin has a block time of just 2.5 minutes and extremely low transaction fees, making it suitable for micro-transactions and point-of-sale payments.

Litecoin was released via an open-source client on GitHub on Oct. 7, 2011, and the Litecoin Network went live five days later on Oct. 13, 2011. Since then, it has exploded in both usage and acceptance among merchants and has counted among the top ten cryptocurrencies by market capitalization for most of its existence.

The cryptocurrency was created by Charlie Lee, a former Google employee, who intended Litecoin to be a "lite version of Bitcoin," in that it features many of the same properties as Bitcoin—albeit lighter in weight.

Litecoin

Monero was launched in 2014, and its goal is simple: to allow transactions to take place privately and with anonymity. Even though it’s commonly thought that BTC can conceal a person’s identity, it’s often easy to trace payments back to their original source because blockchains are transparent. On the other hand, XMR is designed to obscure senders and recipients alike through the use of advanced cryptography.

The team behind Monero say privacy and security are their biggest priorities, with ease of use and efficiency coming second. It aims to provide protection to all users — irrespective of how technologically competent they are.

Overall, XMR aims to allow payments to be made quickly and inexpensively without fear of censorship.

Monero

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.

Filecoin

Waves is a multi-purpose blockchain platform which supports various use cases including decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts.

Launched in June 2016 following one of the cryptocurrency industry’s earliest initial coin offerings (ICO), Waves initially set out to improve on the first blockchain platforms by increasing speed, utility and user-friendliness.

The platform has undergone various changes and added new spin-off features to build on its original design.

Waves’ native token is WAVES, an uncapped supply token used for standard payments such as block rewards.

Waves

VeChainThor (VET) is a versatile enterprise-grade L1 smart contract platform whose origins began in 2015. VeChain is known as a pioneer of real-world enterprise applications, and built a distributed platform powered by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, NFC chips and blockchain to help various industries solve data-related challenges.

VeChain solves major blockchain adoption hurdles. The platform uses an intelligent two token model, VET and VTHO, separating the protocol's Store of Value and gas fee payment mechanisms, ensuring costs can be kept low and stable. Fee delegation allows smart contracts to pay gas fees on behalf of business users, and an advanced transaction model allows data to be packaged more efficiently while ensuring finality of data.

VeChain is focused on delivering a wave of incentive-based sustainability dApps through its new platform, VeBetterDAO, working closely with Boston Consulting Group to achieve adoption across enterprise and individual users, and helping  onboard the next billion users to Web3 over the coming decade.

From supply chains to sustainability, VeChain has continuously demonstrated its leading role as a driver of blockchain in business, and is dedicated to its role as a pioneer of driving real world adoption of blockchain technology.

VeChain

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

Algorand is a self-sustaining, decentralized, blockchain-based network that supports a wide range of applications. These systems are secure, scalable and efficient, all critical properties for effective applications in the real world. Algorand will support computations that require reliable performance guarantees to create new forms of trust.

The Algorand mainnet became live in June 2019, and was able to handle almost 1 million transactions per day as of December 2020. Algorand transaction metrics can be viewed here. Algorand initial coin offering (ICO) was held in June 2019, with the Algorand price of $0.24 per token.

Algorand

Theta Network

Stellar (XLM) is a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized network created in 2014 by The Stellar Development Foundation or Stellar.org. The network officially launched in 2015 with the purpose of connecting the world's financial systems and ensuring a protocol for payment providers and financial institutions. The platform is designed to move financial resources swiftly and reliably at minimal cost. Stellar links people, banks, payment processors and allows users to create, send and trade multiple types of crypto.

The basis of the network is its native digital currency - XLM or Lumens. XLM acts as an intermediate currency for operations and is also used to pay transaction fees. How it works: the protocol converts money in a few seconds, first into XLM, and then into the requested currency.

The Stellar payment protocol is based on distributed ledger technology -- an open-source development, community-owned and distributed by community. The crypto asset of the Stellar platform helps with cross-border transactions, overcoming the problems of high fees and slow procedures. XLM is more focused on assisting individuals transfer money than they are with institutions. Thus, Stellar offers access to financial systems, and people can send money at low cost and promptly around the world.

Moreover, Stellar serves as a decentralized exchange and marketplace, with a built-in order book that tracks ownership of Stellar assets. Platform users can manage buy/sell orders, as well as select and set their preferred assets in settlements. XLM is a built-in coin that helps reduce transaction fees.

The network maintains a high level of security.  XLM holders must have at least one token in order to remain active on the network. This nuance performs a global goal - the execution of network transactions efficiently and with minimal time costs. Plus, Lumens offers protection against flood attacks by making microtransactions too expensive for hackers with no chance of profit, which keeps Stellar Network safe from serious threats.

The target audience of Stellar is the inhabitants of developing countries, ordinary users who are provided access to the global economy through fast, simple and inexpensive transactions. Stellar Network makes extensive use of Lumens to produce live convection as well as to send cash in multiple currencies; currency is sent from one peer, and the recipient can receive the amount in another currency. This feature is beneficial when a transaction is made between currencies without widely traded pairs.

Support for multi-currency transactions is another competitive advantage of Stellar, and the ability for cross-currency transactions has only enhanced processes with foreign operations. Moreover, stable speed and low transaction costs are a privilege that users receive.

This functionality is powered by a development called Anchors (a bridge between different currencies and the network), which simplifies the exchange within the network and helps speed up the whole process.

In summary, the benefits of Stellar (XLM) include:

Stellar

Chiliz is the leading digital currency for sports and entertainment by the eponymous Malta-based FinTech provider. It operates the blockchain-based sports entertainment platform Socios, which enables users to participate in the governance of their favorite sports brands. Multiple fan tokens by Socios.com are an example of that. For sports clubs and associations, fan tokens offer a way of connecting with their fans and unlocking new revenue streams.

For instance, fans can participate and influence club-related decisions through surveys and polls, such as messages the captain should wear on his armband. The company aims to bridge the gap between being an active and a passive fan. Chiliz has developed partnerships with some of the biggest sporting institutions in the world: FC Barcelona, Manchester City, Juventus Turin, and Paris Saint-Germain. It also boasts partnerships with the UFC and gaming organizations. By purchasing CHZ, fans get access to various fan tokens and literally have a stake in their club.

Chiliz

Aave

Ethereum Classic (ETC) is the original Ethereum (ETH) blockchain that launched in July 2015. Its main function is as a smart contract network, with the ability to host and support decentralized applications (DApps). Its native token is ETC.

Since its launch, Ethereum Classic has sought to differentiate itself from Ethereum, with the two networks’ technical roadmap diverging further and further from each other with time.

Ethereum Classic first set out to preserve the integrity of the existing Ethereum blockchain after a major hacking event led to the theft of 3.6 million ETH.