## नैनो क्या है (NANO)?

"आधुनिक दुनिया के लिए डिजिटल मनी" के रूप में वर्णित, नैनो एक हल्की क्रिप्टोकरेंसी है जिसे सुरक्षित, व्यावहारिक रूप से तत्काल, शुल्क रहित भुगतान सुविधा के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है और यह लेगेसी वित्तीय बुनियादी ढांचे और कई आधुनिक क्रिप्टोकरेंसी, दोनों की कुछ प्रमुख सीमाओं को संबोधित करता है।

परियोजना का विकास 2014 में रायब्लॉक्स नाम से शुरू हुआ, और सिक्के (तब इसे XRB कहा जाता है) ने अगले वर्ष एक सार्वजनिक फोसेट से लॉन्च किया, जिसने उपयोगकर्ताओं को कैप्चा चुनौती को पूरा करके XRB की छोटी मात्रा कमाने की क्षमता दी। उपयोगकर्ताओं को अपने इनामों को बढ़ाने के लिए जितने चाहें उतने कैप्चा को पूरा करने की अनुमति दी गई — वे प्रभावी रूप से XRB पाने के लिए अपने समय और प्रयास ट्रेड कर रहे थे।

रायब्लॉक्स (XRB) को जनवरी 2018 में नैनो (NANO) नाम में रीब्रांड किया गया था, नया नाम उपयोगकर्ताओं को दी जाने वाली सरलता और गति का प्रतिनिधित्व करने के लिए चुना गया था।

यह एक पीयर-टू-पीयर प्लेटफॉर्म है जो एक अद्वितीय ब्लॉक-लेटिस डेटा स्ट्रक्चर का उपयोग करता है ताकि उपयोगकर्ता केंद्रीकृत बिचौलियों पर भरोसा किए बिना आसानी से एक दूसरे को मूल्य स्थानांतरित कर सकें।

अन्य प्लेटफार्मों के विपरीत, जो आम तौर पर आम सहमति प्राप्त करने के लिए बड़े पैमाने पर खनन नेटवर्क के संयुक्त प्रूफ-ऑफ-वर्क का उपयोग करते हैं, नैनो ओपन रिप्रेजेंटेटिव वोटिंग (ORV) नामक एक प्रणाली का उपयोग करता है — यह प्रणाली खाताधारकों को अपने पसंद के प्रतिन्धियों के लिए वोट करने की क्षमता देते है, ये प्रतिनिधि सुरक्षित रूप से लेनदेन के ब्लॉक की पुष्टि करने के लिए काम करते हैं।

ORV नैनो को अत्यधिक रूप से ऊर्जा कुशल बनाता है, [प्रूफ-ऑफ-वर्क](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake) (POW)-आधारित [क्रिप्टोकरेंसी](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-cryptocurrencies) की तुलना में इसकी पर्यावरण अनुकूलता अधिक है।

### नैनो के संस्थापक कौन हैं?

नैनो की स्थापना कॉलिन लेमाहियू ने की थी, जो काफी अनुभवी सॉफ्टवेयर डेवलपर और इंजीनियर है, उनके पास डेल, एएमडी और क्वालकॉम सहित प्रमुख तकनीकी कंपनियों के लिए काम करने का अनुभव है।

एक आविष्कारक के रूप में स्व-वर्णित, लेमाहियू की रूचि अंतरिक्ष प्रौद्योगिकी से लेकर भौतिकी और पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता तक हैं, और डिजिटल मुद्रा क्षेत्र में इनका नाम प्रसिद्ध है। उन्होंने 2017 में नैनो पर पूर्णकालिक रूप काम करना शुरू किया था और वे आज तक नैनो फाउंडेशन के सीईओ बने हुए हैं — एक ऐसी संस्था जो नैनो के स्वीकरण को बढ़ाने के लिए बनाई गयी है।

कॉलिन लेमाहियू ने नैनो के गिटहब रेपो के कमिट का एक मुख्य हिस्सा पुष किया है।

लेमाहियू के अलावा, नैनो फाउंडेशन में एक दर्जन से अधिक अन्य कर्मचारी हैं, जिनमें जॉर्ज कॉक्सन, विकासवाद संबंधी मानवशास्त्र में स्नातक, अनुभवी खाता कार्यकारी और फाउंडेशन के वर्तमान सीओओ भी शामिल हैं।

### वो क्या है जो नैनो को खास बनाता है?

जैसा कि हमने पहले आपको बताया, नैनो को तेज काम करने के लिए बनाया गया है। अन्य क्रिप्टोकरेंसी के कई मिनटों या उससे भी अधिक समय की तुलना में — ये इतना तेज हैं कि वास्तव में, अधिकांश नैनो लेनदेन एक सेकंड से भी कम समय में पूर्ण हो जाते हैं।

यह गति नैनो को वाणिज्यिक भुगतानों के लिए उपयुक्त बनाती है, क्योंकि व्यापारियों और खुदरा विक्रेताओं को अब भुगतान स्वीकार करते समय लेनदेन में देरी के बारे में चिंता करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है।

और तो और, नैनो लेनदेन बिलकुल मुफ्त हैं। क्यूंकी प्रतिनिधियों को नेटवर्क सुरक्षित करने के उनके प्रयासों के लिए वित्तीय मुआवजा नहीं मिलता है, इसलिए लेनदेन शुल्क लेने की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं है। यह नैनो को सूक्ष्म लेनदेन को संसाधित करने के लिए एक आदर्श समाधान बनाता है, क्योंकि उपयोगकर्ताओं को अब छोटे भुगतान करते समय संभावित रूप से महंगे लेनदेन शुल्क के बारे में चिंता करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है।

यह सुविधाएं इसकी अद्वितीय बनावट द्वारा सुनिश्चित की गयी हैं। कई क्रिप्टोकरेंसी के विपरीत, जो [ब्लॉकचैन](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) नाम से जाना जाने वाले एक वितरित लेजर पर बनाई गयी होती हैं, नैनो एक समान लेजर तकनीक के आसपास बनाया गया है जिसे निर्देशित एसाइक्लिक ग्राफ (DAG) कहा जाता है।

यह संरचना अत्यधिक रूप से विश्वसनीय है और नैनो को प्रति सेकंड 1000 लेनदेन का प्रसंस्करण करने की क्षमता देती है — इसमें अखंडता बनाए रखने के लिए एक ऊर्जा-गहन खनन नेटवर्क बनाए रखने की आवश्यकता नहीं है, जो नैनो को एक इको-फ्रेंडली डिजिटल पेमेंट विकल्प का स्थान देती है।

#### संबन्धित पेज:

[आयोटा (MIOTA)](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/iota/) देखें — एक अन्य DAG-आधारित क्रिप्टोकरेंसी जिसमें कोई लेनदेन शुल्क नहीं है।

[ईओएस (EOS)](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/eos/) देखें — मुफ्त लेनदेन के वाली एक स्मार्ट-कांट्रैक्ट सक्षम ब्लॉकचैन।

पढ़ें [ओरेकल्स: द ऑल सीइंग आइज़ देट गाइड क्रिप्टो नेटवर्क्स](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/oracles-the-all-seeing-eye-that-guides-crypto-networks) — CoinMarketCap अलेक्जेंड्रिया की ओर से एक गहरा गोता।

[CoinMarketCap ब्लॉग](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog) के साथ नवीनतम टिप्स, ट्रिक्स और रुझानों के साथ बाज़ार में शीर्ष पर रहें।

### कितने नैनो (NANO) सिक्के प्रचलन में हैं?

क्रिप्टोकरेंसी के विशाल बहुमत की तरह, अनादिकाल तक अस्तित्व में आने वाले नैनो टोकनों की संख्या निश्चित है, यह संख्या ठीक 133,248,290 NANO पर सेट है।

मूल अधिकतम आपूर्ति इससे बहुत अधिक निर्धारित की गई थी, लेकिन मौजूदा 133 मिलियन सीमा से ऊपर के साभी शेष नैनो टोकनों को स्थायी रूप से जला दिया गया। कुल मिलाकर, मूल उत्पत्ति आपूर्ति का लगभग 39% वितरित किया गया था।

नैनो इस तथ्य में असामान्य है कि इसकी पूरी आपूर्ति पहले से ही प्रचलन में है, इसका मतलब है कि यह पूरी तरह से तुनूकृत है।

क्यूंकी यह पूरी तरह से तुनूकृत है, नैनो अत्यधिक रूप से विकेंद्रीकृत है, और अच्छी तरह से वितरित है, जिसमें से नैनो की अधिकांश होल्डिंग 100 NANO से कम की है। दिसंबर 2020 तक, प्रचलन में सभी नैनो का लगभग 20% (~26 मिलियन) बाईनेंस क्रिप्टोकरेंसी एक्सचेंज से जुड़े कोल्ड वॉलेट में से एक में रखा गया है।

परिसंचारी आपूर्ति का कुल 5% परियोजना के निरंतर विकास के लिए आरक्षित रखा गया था, इसे तथाकथित "डेवलपर फंड" को आवंटित किया गया था।

### नैनो नेटवर्क सुरक्षित कैसे है?

नैनो को प्रतिनिधियों के एक नेटवर्क द्वारा सुरक्षित किया जाता है, जिनमें से प्रत्येक को NANO धारक वोट करके पोजीशन पर लेकर आते हैं।

जब नेटवर्क को [आम सहमति](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus) प्राप्त करने की आवश्यकता होती है तो यह प्रतिनिधि अपने वोट डालने के लिए जिम्मेदार होते हैं, और उनकी वोटिंग शक्ति NANO धारकों द्वारा उन्हें सौंपे गए मतदान भार का कुल योग होती है। नैनो नेटवर्क पर लेनदेन की वैधता पर ये वोट, यह सुनिश्चित करते हैं कि केवल वैध लेनदेनों को ही पुष्टि प्राप्त हो रही है।

यह प्रक्रिया नेटवर्क को एक डबल स्पेंड प्रकार के एक हमले से बचाती है — जो तब होता है जब हमलावर नेटवर्क में हेरफेर कर के उसी फंड को दो बार खर्च करने में सक्षम हो जाता है।

इसके अलावा, नैनो नेटवर्क में विभिन्न संभावित आक्रमण वैक्टरों के खिलाफ अतिरिक्त सुरक्षा की एक विस्तृत विविधता है — जिसका पूरा अवलोकन [यहां](https://docs.nano.org/protocol-design/attack-vectors/) पाया जा सकता है।

### आप नैनो (NANO) कहाँ खरीद सकते हैं?

चूंकि नैनो का खनन नहीं किया जा सकता है, इसलिए इसे समर्थन देने वाले 50 से अधिक एक्सचेंज प्लेटफॉर्म में से किसी एक से इसे खरीदना सबसे लोकप्रिय तरीका है। [बाईनेंस](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/binance/), [ओकेक्स](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/okex/) और [हुओबी ग्लोबल](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/huobi-global/) वर्तमान में नैनो बनाम क्रिप्टो ट्रेडिंग जोड़ों के लिए सबसे लोकप्रिय एक्सचेंजों में से हैं, जबकि इसे क्रेकन और बाइनेंस.यूएस पर फ़िएट के साथ भी खरीदा जा सकता है।

फिएट मुद्रा के साथ क्रिप्टोकरेंसी खरीदने के बारे में अधिक जानकारी के लिए, हमारी [व्यापक मार्गदर्शिका](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) देखें।

यहां कुछ अन्य लेख दिए गए हैं, जिनमें आपकी रुचि हो सकती है:

* [Crypto Faucet क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [क्रिप्टो डेबिट कार्ड क्या हैं?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [वेब 3.0 क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [यील्ड फार्मिंग(Yield Farming) क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [क्रिप्टो ऋण(Crypto Lending) क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

Nano

Binance

Ledger

Trezor

Trust Wallet

Math Wallet

NanoVault

Exodus

Nault

Atomic wallet

The Nano Foundation is a not-for-profit organization and encourages the growth and usability of nano, an instant, sustainable currency without fees.

Apps use ICON to operate cross-chain seamlessly, build momentum and gain reputation. ICON's Cross-Chain Framework simplifies cross-chain development with its easy-to-use xCall messaging standard and connections to secure bridging protocols.

ICON

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

Lisk is striving to on-board 100,000,000 users into crypto and web3 by offering an accessible blockchain application platform and an industry leading JavaScript SDK.

Released in 2019, the Lisk SDK enables developers to build application-specific blockchains entirely in JavaScript, the most widely used programming language in the world. To get a deep-dive into the Lisk SDK, please visit the Lisk SDK documentation or watch Lisk.js 2019 and Lisk.js 2022.

To be released in 2022, the Lisk blockchain application platform allows interoperability between all application-specific blockchains built with the Lisk SDK. With other words, users will be able to use DeFi, NFT or Metaverse blockchain applications on Lisk.

To better understand why Lisk is important watch the following videos: The Case for Lisk and The Ultimate Vision for Lisk.

If you are curious about Lisk’s history and journey, watch Looking Back on Lisk.

The Lisk project is managed by the Lisk Foundation, a non-profit entity based in Zug, Switzerland. A local team of experts specialized in law and finance, as well as yearly audits, ensure the proper handling of funds and regulatory compliance under the supervision of the Swiss Federal Foundation Supervisory Authority (ESA, Eidgenössische Stiftungsaufsicht).

The Lisk products are developed by the Lightcurve GmbH, a Berlin based blockchain studio. With a team of over 40 blockchain experts, Lightcurve is researching, developing and promoting the Lisk SDK and the Lisk blockchain application platform.

Lisk

DigiByte (DGB) is an open source blockchain and asset creation platform. Development began in October 2013 and the genesis block of its DGB token was mined in January 2014 as a fork of Bitcoin (BTC).

A longstanding public blockchain and cryptocurrency, DigiByte uses five different algorithms to improve security, and originally aimed to improve on the Bitcoin blockchain’s security, capacity and transaction speed.

DigiByte consists of three layers: a smart contract “App Store,” a public ledger and the core protocol featuring nodes communicating to relay transactions.

DigiByte

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. EOS is fully decentralized power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Zilliqa is a public, permissionless blockchain that is designed to offer high throughput with the ability to complete thousands of transactions per second. It seeks to solve the issue of blockchain scalability and speed by employing sharding as a second-layer scaling solution. The platform is home to many decentralized applications, and as of October 2020, it also allows for staking and yield farming.

Development work officially started on Zilliqa in June 2017, and its testnet went live in March 2018. A little over a year later, in June 2019, the platform launched its mainnet.

The native utility token of Zilliqa, ZIL, is used to process transactions on the network and execute smart contracts.

Zilliqa

NEM is a blockchain platform that was launched in March of 2015. It was one of the pioneers of the cryptocurrency industry, and sought to improve on the imperfections found on other chains at the time. It was one of the first non-turing complete chains to feature user-defined tokens (called mosaics), namespaces, multisignature accounts, and a P2P reputation system based on EigenTrust++. Its most notable contribution to the space is the proof-of-importance consensus mechanism, which sought to reward on-chain activity and deter the concentration of wealth commonly associated with proof-of-stake. Its client, NIS, is written in Java.

NEM has a global community. It sees the most utility as an alternative form of payment for businesses and vendors, and has a variety of social media apps built on top of it in Japan, such as nemgraph, a community-driven owned and operated alternative to Instagram.

In December 2021, NEM was hard forked by a pseudonymous team of cryptocurrency experts and enthusiasts alike. Titled Harlock, this hard fork signaled the community’s intent to take NEM from a shadow of its former self into the world’s leading payments platform for on-chain and off-chain media content.

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

Siacoin (SC) is the native utility token of Sia, a blockchain-based distributed, decentralized cloud storage platform. Sia acts as a secure, trustless marketplace for cloud storage in which users can lease access to their unused storage space. Agreements and transactions are enforced with smart contracts, and Siacoin is the medium of exchange for paying for storage on the network. The main goal of the project is to become the "backbone storage layer of the internet."

Sia was originally announced in May 2014 before being revised and re-announced a year later in May 2015. It officially launched in June 2015.

Siacoin

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

Basic Attention Token

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

Waves is a multi-purpose blockchain platform which supports various use cases including decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts.

Launched in June 2016 following one of the cryptocurrency industry’s earliest initial coin offerings (ICO), Waves initially set out to improve on the first blockchain platforms by increasing speed, utility and user-friendliness.

The platform has undergone various changes and added new spin-off features to build on its original design.

Waves’ native token is WAVES, an uncapped supply token used for standard payments such as block rewards.

Waves

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that features unique architecture and an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions to use in Web3. It is built on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle, which can be pictured as a multi-dimensional blockchain. It enables the exchange of data and value on a decentralized platform through direct and secure transfers, executed on and immutably recorded on the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into IOTA.

Together with its staging network Shimmer, IOTA aims to offer solutions to establish a secure and permissionless infrastructure that can drive the economy of the future. It enables the development of decentralized applications through automated trust in the form of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, an advanced consensus algorithm, and thoughtfully balanced incentives.

IOTA delivers tools for creating and managing custom Layer 2 (EVM) chains, deploying smart contracts, minting native tokens and NFTs with distinctive features, and introducing digital identities to users.

Launching in 2024, IOTA 2.0 will be a protocol upgrade that rebuilds IOTA’s architecture to deliver full decentralization. You can find more about it here.

IOTA

Harmony is a blockchain platform designed to facilitate the creation and use of decentralized applications (DApps). The network aims to innovate the way decentralized applications work by focusing on random state sharding, which allows creating blocks in seconds.

According to the project’s website, Harmony is expected to introduce cross-shard contracts and a cross-chain infrastructure by the end of 2021.

Harmony

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

Ren (REN) is an open protocol built to provide interoperability and liquidity between different blockchain platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Ren.

Formerly known as Republic Protocol, Ren launched RenVM, its virtual machine mainnet, in May 2020, having completed a $34 million initial coin offering (ICO) in 2018.

The protocol’s native token, REN, functions as a bond for those running nodes which power RenVM, known as Darknodes.

Ren aims to expand the interoperability, and hence accessibility, of decentralized finance (DeFi) by removing hurdles involved in liquidity between blockchains.

Zcash is a decentralized cryptocurrency focused on privacy and anonymity. It uses the zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proof technology that allows nodes on the network to verify transactions without revealing any sensitive information about those transactions.

Contrary to a common misunderstanding, the majority of cryptocurrencies on the market, including Bitcoin (BTC), are not anonymous, but rather pseudonymous; while they do not explicitly reveal the identities of their users, each user has their own public address or addresses which can be traced back to them via the methods of data science and blockchain forensics.

Zcash transactions, on the other hand, still have to be relayed via a public blockchain, but unlike pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, ZEC transactions by default do not reveal the sending and receiving addresses or the amount being sent. There is an option, however, to reveal this data for the purposes of auditing or regulatory compliance.

Zcash was first released on October 28, 2016, and it was originally based on Bitcoin’s codebase.