**What is Koinos (KOIN)?**

Koinos is a developer centric open source project that leverages blockchain technology to provide a robust smart contract platform where holders have ownership over the network. Originally conceived in 2020, Koinos was officially launched November 5th, 2022 by Koinos Group, a US company.


To learn more about this project, check out [koinos.io](https://koinos.io/).


Unlike other blockchains, on Koinos holding $KOIN gives you the right to utilize a portion of the network without sacrificing your cryptocurrency to transaction fees. Rather than paying a transaction fee, your $KOIN is temporarily locked and gradually unlocked over time. This mechanism is referred to as mana because it mimics the user experience of a video game. You can learn more about [mana](https://docs.koinos.io/overview/mana/) on the official documentation.


The Koinos protocol is designed to facilitate decentralized app (DApp) creation and it aims to improve decentralization by introducing a Proof-of-Burn (PoB) consensus algorithm. Learn more about [Proof-of-Burn](https://docs.koinos.io/overview/proof-of-burn/) on the official documentation.


Because of its innovative resource management, Koinos enjoys interest from Web3 enthusiasts seeking the next generation of blockchain user experience (UX). A significant focus for the Koinos network is to bring a Web 2.0 experience to Web3.

**What makes Koinos unique?**

The Koinos blockchain has several features that differentiate it from other smart contract platforms. These include forkless upgrades, the mana system, smart wallet support and the Proof-of-Burn consensus algorithm.

Because the core business logic of Koinos is implemented via smart contracts, core functionality can be upgraded without the use of hard forks. While hard forks may be necessary to fix critical bugs or improve performance, many enhancements can be achieved simply through replacing smart contracts and a vote in governance. This allows Koinos to evolve at a more rapid rate than other blockchains. You can learn more about forkless upgrades and the [governance](https://docs.koinos.io/overview/governance/) system on the official documentation overview.

Koinos handles resources differently than other blockchains. Holding $KOIN grants access to a portion of the network. While most other blockchains have transaction fees, Koinos allows the user to pay in time. The more $KOIN the user holds, the more network the user has access to and the faster their mana pool regenerates. Learn more about [mana](https://docs.koinos.io/overview/mana/) on the official documentation overview.

On Koinos there is no difference between an account and a smart contract. Every account can also have a smart contract associated with it. Because an account is no different than a smart contract, account abstraction is baked into the protocol. It is no longer necessary to work solely with a private/public key pairing. Instead, Koinos features a turing complete authority system which allows for unlimited possibilities of smart contract upgrades, transaction payment handling, and contract calls. Learn more about [authorities](https://docs.koinos.io/developers/authority/) on the official documentation for developers.

The Proof-of-Burn (PoB) consensus is not well known but offers a variety of advantages of the traditional Proof-of-Stake (PoS) and Proof-of-Work (PoW) algorithms. Miners are virtualized on-chain leveling the playing field no matter the electricity costs of your local jurisdiction. This promotes decentralization as mining operations do not need to consolidate around locales with economic electricity costs. In addition, Proof-of-Burn solves the issue of consolidating stake on Centralized Exchanges (CEX) because the cryptocurrency must be burned in order to produce blocks or affect governance. Learn more about the novel [Proof-of-Burn](https://docs.koinos.io/overview/proof-of-burn/) implementation on the official documentation overview.

**How many $KOIN are in circulation?**

Koinos was completely fair-launched, just like Bitcoin. It was originally Proof-of-Work mined into existence on the Ethereum blockchain in order to bootstrap the initial supply. Over the course of a year, approximately 100 million $KOIN were mined and used to establish the initial balances of the blockchain upon launch.

After the mainnet launch on November 5th, 2022 the chain was in-band upgraded from federated to Proof-of-Burn and $KOIN was burnt in exchange for virtual hashpower to secure the network. Because $KOIN is constantly being burned in order to secure the network, the supply is dynamic so you should check popular block explorers like [Koiner](https://koiner.app) for precise numbers.

The supply can be most simply described as 100 million with 2% inflation annually and target burn of 50%. This is an oversimplification but you can learn more about the [tokenomics](https://docs.koinos.io/overview/tokenomics/) on the official documentation overview.

**How is the Koinos network secured?**

The Koinos network is secured through the innovative Proof-of-Burn (PoB) consensus algorithm.

Block producers burn their $KOIN and receive Virtual Hash Power (VHP) in return. This can be thought of exactly like hash power on Proof-of-Work (PoW) chains. The more hash power you have, the more likely you are to produce a valid block. It’s as simple as that. The details of the implementation can be found by reading the [Proof-of-Burn](https://docs.koinos.io/architecture/proof-of-burn/) on the official documentation architecture section.

**Where can you buy Koinos ($KOIN)?**

Koinos ($KOIN) can be purchased on many Centralized Exchanges (CEX) and even some Decentralized Exchanges (DEX). The list is constantly growing so it is recommended that you visit [koinos.io](https://koinos.io/) to get up-to-date information.

Koinos

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Router Protocol

Nakamoto Games

Blocksquare is a technology company building the required infrastructure to transfer real estate assets to the internet. Businesses of all types — from startups to large enterprises — can use Blocksquare’s solutions and APIs to digitize value of real estate properties, launch their investment platforms and connect people to tokenized real estate deals online.

Blocksquare's vision is to power 100s of platforms across the globe, connecting investors to real estate opportunities in their region.

Blocksquare offers three main products:

Real estate tokenization protocol

White-label marketplace

DeFi bridge

Blocksquare Token

Energy Web Token (EWT) is the operational token behind the Energy Web Chain, a blockchain-based virtual machine designed to support and further application development for the energy sector.

Energy Web Chain was launched in June 2019. The Energy Web Foundation is the non-profit enterprise behind the project. EWT aims to bring diversity to the energy sector by allowing developers to create decentralized applications (DApps). The virtual machine has the potential to benefit actors from all areas of energetics, including grid operators, software developers, and vendors.

Energy Web Token

Bittensor

Synternet is a blockchain that powers modular, interoperable data infrastructure across all major chains. At its core lies the Data Layer, a protocol serving as the customizable execution layer between all blockchains. Its AEAs (Autonomous Economic Agents) empower developers to build composable, use-case-specific applications that can execute on any data from any chain.

Synternet

Verasity is an open-ledger ecosystem designed to fight advertising fraud, provide open access to infrastructure for publishers and advertisers, and reward users for watching video content. Verasity also provides payment solutions and a rewarding staking ecosystem with 15% yields guaranteed through to April 2024.

Powered by a mix of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and cutting-edge blockchain technologies, Verasity is building the most powerful advertising ecosystem in the world through VeraViews; developing an open-access payments platform through VeraWallet, the VeraCard, and VeraPay; and enhancing the attention economy through its patented Rewarded Video module.

Verasity

Vulcan Forged is a blockchain game studio and NFT marketplace. They are the makers of VulcanVerse.

PYR  is the native utility token that is used for:

Fees for marketplace settlement

Staking in VulcanVerse land and other assets

Upgrading and sustaining game asset levels

Play-to-earn rewards

Access to our game developers and NFT dapp incubation program

Vulcan Forged Platforms and games include:

*VulcanVerse, a Grece-Roman fantasy metaverse made up of 10,000 plots of land

Anvil, a crypto-less and gas-free NFT engine for easy game and dApp onboarding

Vulcan Market, a gas free NFT marketplace for all Vulcan Forged games

Berserk, an NFT online TGG

Frenzy, a create-your-own tournament platform with PYR as it’s reward token.

Vulcan Forged (PYR)

HELLO Labs

Metis is an Ethereum Layer-2 scaling solution aiming to solve the blockchain trilemma: that blockchains cannot be decentralized, secure, and scalable simultaneously. It also strives to solve Ethereum's biggest challenges: speed, cost and scalability.

Metis wants to help developers create and manage existing decentralized applications (dApps), while also supporting developers and entrepreneurs who want to build and launch new dApps. It also integrates the Decentralized Autonomous Company (DAC) framework into its Layer 2 infrastructure to help developers and businesses move from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0.

Metis

Kaspa is a proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrency which implements the GHOSTDAG protocol. Unlike traditional blockchains, GHOSTDAG does not orphan blocks created in parallel, rather allows them to coexist and orders them in consensus. The Kaspa blockchain is actually a blockDAG. This generalization of Nakamoto consensus allows for secure operation while maintaining very high block rates (currently one block per second, aiming for 10/sec, dreaming of 100/sec) and minuscule confirmation times dominated by internet latency.

The Kaspa implementation includes a lot of cool features such as Reachability to query the DAG's topology, Block data pruning (with near-future plans for block header pruning), SPV proofs, and later subnetwork support which will make future implementation of layer 2 solutions much easier.

Kaspa

LCX is available for trading on a growing number of exchanges, with cryptocurrency and stablecoin pairs currently available.

Coinbase offers 3 trading pairs pairs with LCX/USD, LCX/USDT and LCX/EUR, while Kraken also offers 2 trading pairs with LCX/EUR and LCX/USD. Uniswap (https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/uniswap/) offers an Ethereum (ETH) trading pair; LCX/ETH. LCX Exchange offers a variety of trading pairs including Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) and USD Coin (USDC) options.

Oasis is the pioneering layer 1 blockchain designed to enable scalability and confidential compute. Oasis is home to Sapphire, the first confidential EVM that empowers Web3 and Decentralized AI developers to build dApps with Smart Privacy natively on Oasis or other EVM-based chains.

ROSE is the native token of the Oasis Network used for gas fees, staking, delegation and governance. With a unique layered architecture, Oasis presents the optimal building and execution environment for DeFi, AI, GameFi, NFTs, the metaverse, data tokenization and DAO governance. Oasis also has native support for rollups at the consensus layer.

Oasis

Web3's Decentralised Commerce Layer.
Sell physical things as redeemable NFTs, everywhere, online, in-game and in-verse.
We have solved the hard tech problems of tokenizing and twinning physical items, so you can focus on creating innovative Web3 commerce experiences for your customers.
Our no-code, low-cost tools make it easy to tokenize and sell physical products as NFTs everywhere, including your own Web3 store, the Metaverse, or on NFT marketplaces.
Redemption can be integrated into your own website, giving your brand full control of the customer experience.
With Boson, you can create phygital assets and token-gate purchases, allowing you to effortlessly develop engaging and rewarding digi-physical commerce experiences.
Buyers can redeem the NFT for the physical with the assurance that either they will receive the item or their money back- all without the need to trust intermediaries or sellers, just code and independent dispute resolvers.  Alternatively, Buyers can transfer, gift, trade or hold the NFT - just like any other NFT.
Boson is a groundbreaking technology recognized as a Technology Pioneer by the World Economic Forum. As a decentralized protocol, Boson is built for the benefit of and governed by its users. Consequently, Boson only charges a minimal 0.5% per transaction protocol fee.

Boson Protocol

Gains Network

The WOO Token plays a pivotal role in the WOO ecosystem, and is utilized for staking, fee discounts, and other benefits. WOO Ecosystem products connect traders, exchanges, and institutions with access to the best-in-class liquidity and trading execution at lower or zero cost.

WOO X is a high performance centralized trading platform, delivering superior liquidity, execution and advanced trading tools on hundreds of spot and perpetual futures instruments.

WOOFi, a decentralized application offering swaps, perps, WOO staking, and yield-generating pools, positions as being “the easiest way to DeFi.” WOOFi is deployed on 10+ mainstream networks including Arbitrum, Avalanche, Optimism, zkSync, and more. WOOFi is regularly a Top 10 DEX by volume, making WOO one of the only tokens that has strong adoption and utility in both CeFi and DeFi.

The WOO mission is to provide the best liquidity on the best terms. Products compete not just on price execution but also on integrity, user experience, innovative tools, and global opportunities.

Kadena is a proof-of-work blockchain that combines the PoW consensus mechanism from Bitcoin with directed acyclic graph (DAG) principles to offer a scalable version of Bitcoin. Kadena claims it can provide the security of Bitcoin while being able to offer unparalleled throughput that makes the blockchain usable to enterprises and entrepreneurs alike. Kadena's unique infrastructure is decentralized and built for mass adoption because of its multi-chain approach.

Kadena promises industrial scalability that can support global financial systems and can be scaled as necessary. It also vows to remain energy-efficient at scale and deliver more transactions with the same energy input, another difference to Bitcoin. Moreover, Kadena offers crypto gas stations, which allow businesses to pay for their customers' gas fees and remove a massive pain point in adopting blockchains for business.

Kadena has already scaled its network from 10 to 20 blockchains and can do so again in the future, if necessary. This final addition to Kadena was its private Kuro layer-two blockchain, which supports up to 8,000 transactions per second across 500 nodes.

Kadena

Launched on mainnet on March 30, 2021, Casper is the first live proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain built off the Casper CBC specification. The Casper platform is designed to boost the adoption of blockchain technology, smart contracts, and DApps on a global scale.

With its future-proof architecture, Casper is designed to ensure the platform is continually developed according to the evolving needs of its users, and that it’s maximally accessible to developers of all backgrounds. As per the official whitepaper, Casper is optimized to suit both enterprise and developer needs. Casper’s mission is to usher in a new era for Web3, as demand for intuitive, interconnected services continues to grow across the board. Casper does so by solving the adoption trilemma: offering enterprise-grade security, scalability and decentralization all within the same blockchain protocol.

Casper

Quant launched in June 2018 with the goal of connecting blockchains and networks on a global scale, without reducing the efficiency and interoperability of the network. It is the first project to solve the interoperability problem through the creation of the first blockchain operating system.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Quant.

The project is built as an operating system distributed ledger technology— and Overledger Network — for connecting different blockchain networks. The project is billed as the first OS to be built for blockchains.

The main aim of Quant — using Overledger — is to bridge the gap that exists between different blockchains. The backbone of the project is the Overledger network, which Quant bills as the ecosystem on which the future digital economy ecosystem will be built.

Overledger allows developers to build decentralized multi-chain applications (known as MApps) for their customers. For developers to build a Mapp on the network, they must hold a certain amount of Quant tokens (QNT).

Quant

OriginTrail is an ecosystem building a trusted knowledge infrastructure for artificial intelligence. It addresses the challenge of misinformation in the AI era by ensuring the origin of information and enabling discoverability of the world's most important knowledge and real world assets (RWAs).

OriginTrail is creating a Verifiable Web for decentralized AI by empowering world class brands and builders. It utilizes its unique Decentralized Knowledge Graph and OriginTrail Parachain to deliver AI-powered search and solutions for enterprises and individuals worldwide.

OriginTrail has gained support and partnerships with world-class organizations such as British Standards Institution, SCAN, Polkadot, Parity, Walmart, World Federation of Hemophilia, Oracle, and the EU Commission's Next Generation Internet. These partnerships contribute to advancing OriginTrail's trusted knowledge foundation and its applicability in trillion-dollar industries, while providing a verifiable web of knowledge important in particular to drive the economies of RWAs.

The best way to see the technology in action is by checking ChatDKG, which is an experimental, question answering bot on X (Twitter) based on trusted Knowledge Assets in OriginTrail Decentralized Knowledge Graph. The ChatDKG provides answers based on OriginTrail trusted AI.

The Metcalfe phase of the updated roadmap pursues an ambitious goal of creating the world’s largest verifiable web for AI consisting of 100 billion Knowledge Assets, bringing a 100.000x scalability increase. As the name of the phase suggests, it will seek to produce network effects across the OriginTrail DKG and use novel techniques to pursue autonomous DKG growth based on the genesis knowledge foundation being created by organizations and individuals alike. The genesis part of the Metcalfe’s phase also introduces knowledge mining and knowledge signaling capabilities to drive constant growth of the Verifiable Web.

Following the Genesis stage and the transition to an AI-native V8, further capabilities will become available in the Convergence stage. By leveraging the advancements in AI and the DKG, we will unlock autonomous knowledge mining which in turn leads to an autonomous DKG. At that stage, new knowledge gets added to the DKG with very limited human involvement. Services such as AI agents will be performing knowledge inferencing directly on the DKG to find any “blind spots” in the knowledge they can fill as well as search for new knowledge and bring it to the DKG in accordance with knowledge signaling.