## चिया नेटवर्क (XCH) क्या है?

[चिया नेटवर्क](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/chia-network/) (XCH) एक [परत 1](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/layer-1-blockchain) [ब्लॉकचेन है](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) जो अपनी स्वयं की कस्टम-डिज़ाइन की गई प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा का उपयोग करता है जिसे चियालिसप (Chialisp) कहा जाता है और एक उपन्यास [सर्वसम्मति तंत्र](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus-mechanism) जिसे प्रूफ-ऑफ-स्पेस-एंड-टाइम (PoST) कहा जाता है। इन दोनों का संयोजन ब्लॉकचेन को नेटवर्क सुरक्षा से समझौता किए बिना, कम ऊर्जा का उपयोग करने की अनुमति देता है। अधिकांश अन्य ब्लॉकचेन के विपरीत, चिया नेटवर्क एक सार्वजनिक, लाभकारी, ओपन सोर्स कंपनी है, जो NYSE या NASDAQ पर सूचीबद्ध होने की इच्छा रखती है। इसका ब्लॉकचेन उद्यम उपयोग के उद्देश्य से है। यही वजह है कि चिया नेटवर्क लिस्टिंग के मामले में अपनी बैलेंस शीट पर XCH रखने की योजना बना रहा है।

चिया नेटवर्क का पहला प्रूफ-ऑफ-टाइम फ़ंक्शन 2019 में जारी किया गया था। इसके ब्लॉकचेन के पहले बीटा संस्करण को 2020 में लॉन्च किया गया था। चिया नेटवर्क ने 2021 में अपने [मेननेट](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/mainnet) लॉन्च के साथ वॉलेट कार्यक्षमता, लेनदेन और [स्मार्ट कॉन्ट्रैक्ट](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) सहित पूर्ण कार्यक्षमता हासिल की।

### चिया नेटवर्क के संस्थापक कौन हैं?

[चिया नेटवर्क](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/chia-network/) (XCH) की स्थापना डेलावेयर में 2017 में लोकप्रिय पीयर-टू-पीयर फ़ाइल शेयरिंग प्लेटफॉर्म बिट टोरेंट के संस्थापक ब्रैम कोहेन द्वारा की गई थी। इस प्रोजेक्ट का नेतृत्व एक अनुभवी वरिष्ठ प्रबंधन टीम कर रही है, जिसमें मुख्य परिचालन अधिकारी (COO) के रूप में NASDAQ के पूर्व सीईओ जीन हॉफमैन और मुख्य वित्तीय अधिकारी (CFO) के रूप में पूर्व Overstock.com के CEO मिच एडवर्ड्स शामिल हैं।

चिया नेटवर्क को [क्रिप्टोकरेंसी](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-cryptocurrencies) -केंद्रित उद्यम पूंजीपतियों की एक शानदार सूची का भी समर्थन है। इसने मई 2021 में प्रमुख वीसी की भागीदारी के साथ फंडिंग में $ 61 मिलियन जुटाए थे, जिसमें आंद्रेसेन होरोविट्ज़, स्लो वेंचर्स, नेवल रविकांत, गैलेक्सी डिजिटल और अन्य शामिल थे।

### चिया नेटवर्क को क्या खास बनाता है?

[चिया नेटवर्क](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/chia-network/) (XCH) कम इलेक्ट्रिसिटी-इंटेंसिव सर्वसम्मति तंत्र का उपयोग करके [प्रूफ-ऑफ-स्टेक](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-stake-pos) (PoS) और [प्रूफ-ऑफ-वर्क](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-work-pow) (PoW) में सुधार करता है। नेटवर्क प्रूफ-ऑफ-स्पेस (PoS) को प्रूफ-ऑफ-टाइम, (PoT) के साथ जोड़कर नाकामोटो सर्वसम्मति प्राप्त करता है, जो दोनों अलग-अलग तरीकों से कार्य करते हैं।

प्रूफ-ऑफ-स्पेस के लिए [माइनर्स](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/miners) को अपनी हार्ड डिस्क ड्राइव पर अप्रयुक्त भंडारण रखने की आवश्यकता होती है। इस परिदृश्य में माइनर विशेष सॉफ़्टवेयर स्थापित करते हैं, जो खाली स्थान आवंटित करता है जिसका उपयोग तब एक चुनौती को हल करने के लिए किया जाता है - [प्रूफ-ऑफ-वर्क](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake) (PoW) जो पहेली समाधान के समान है। सॉफ्टवेयर माइनर की डिस्क पर क्रिप्टोग्राफिक नंबरों का एक संग्रह संग्रहीत करता है और, [ब्लॉक](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/block) निर्माण पर, पिछले ब्लॉक से एक चुनौती संख्या लेता है। माइनर यह जांचने के लिए अपनी संख्या स्कैन करते हैं कि क्या उनके पास आवश्यक चुनौती संख्या के करीब कोई संख्या है या नहीं।

दूसरी ओर, प्रूफ-ऑफ-टाइम [सोलाना](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/solana/) (SOL) ब्लॉकचेन के समान, सत्यापन योग्य विलंब कार्यों के माध्यम से समय बीतने को दर्शाता है। टाइमलॉर्ड्स - नोड्स जो समय का दस्तावेजीकरण करते हैं - यह सुनिश्चित करते हैं कि प्रूफ-ऑफ-स्पेस फ़ंक्शंस को हल करने के लिए समय को सही ढंग से प्रलेखित किया गया है।

इसके अलावा चिया नेटवर्क की अपनी प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा है जिसे चियालिसप कहा जाता है। यह एक ऑन-चेन प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा है, जो स्मार्ट कॉन्ट्रैक्ट अनुकूल है और [ईथीरियम](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/ethereum/) (ETH), सॉलिडिटी और बिटकॉइन कोर के सबसे महत्वपूर्ण घटकों को लेती है लेकिन बिटकॉइन के यूटीएक्सओ मॉडल को बनाए रखती है। ऐसा करने से क्रमिक के बजाय एक साथ लेनदेन की अनुमति मिलती है जिससे चिया नेटवर्क अपने प्रतिद्वंद्वियों की तुलना में एक तेज और अधिक ऊर्जा-कुशल ब्लॉकचेन बन जाता है।

#### संबन्धित पेज:

[सोलाना](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/solana/) (SOL) देखें - एक हाई-स्पीड ब्लॉकचैन।

[पोलकाडॉट](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/polkadot-new/) (DOT) देखें - मल्टीचैन भविष्य के लिए एक और ब्लॉकचेन।

[Avalanche में हमारे डीप डाइव को पढ़ें](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/de/article/a-deep-dive-into-avalanche-avax), एक और लेयर -1 ब्लॉकचेन।

[CoinMarketCap ब्लॉग के](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog) साथ नवीनतम क्रिप्टो समाचार और नवीनतम ट्रेडिंग अंतर्दृष्टि प्राप्त करें।

### कितने चिया नेटवर्क (XCH) सिक्के प्रचलन में हैं?

XCH की वर्तमान आपूर्ति 22,582,025 है। चिया के निर्माण और प्रशासन को निधि देने में मदद करने के लिए 21 मिलियन XCH पूर्व-फार्म किए गए थे। [चिया नेटवर्क](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/chia-network/) (XCH) श्वेतपत्र के अनुसार,फार्मिंग रिवार्ड्स इस अनुसूची का पालन करते हैं-

* लॉन्च के बाद पहले 3 वर्षों के लिए हर 10 मिनट में 64 चिया बनाए जाएंगे
* लॉन्च के बाद 4 से 6 साल में हर 10 मिनट में 32 चिया बनाए जाएंगे
* लॉन्च के बाद 7 से 9 साल में हर 10 मिनट में 16 चिया बनाई जाएंगे
* 10 से 12 साल में हर 10 मिनट में 8 चिया बनाए जाएंगे
* 12 साल के बाद हर साल हर 10 मिनट में 4 चिया बनाए जाएंगे

इसका मतलब है कि नेटवर्क ही अधिकांश XCH को नियंत्रित करता है और मेननेट लॉन्च के केवल 21 साल बाद, फार्मिंग पुरस्कार रणनीतिक भंडार के बराबर हो जाएंगे।

### चिया नेटवर्क कैसे सुरक्षित है?

प्रूफ-ऑफ-टाइम के साथ एक अनुकूलित प्रूफ-ऑफ-वर्क सर्वसम्मति तंत्र के संयोजन में एक अद्वितीय दृष्टिकोण का पालन करने के अलावा, [चिया नेटवर्क](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/chia-network/) (XCH) एक पारंपरिक कॉर्पोरेट संरचना द्वारा शासित है। यह एक पारंपरिक संयुक्त स्टॉक निगम होने के पक्ष में एक [डीसेंट्रलाइज़्ड स्वायत्त संगठन](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-autonomous-organizations-dao) (DAO) के क्रिप्टो के मूल मॉडल को छोड़ देता है।

चिया नेटवर्क कंपनी की इक्विटी को स्टॉक एक्सचेंज में सूचीबद्ध करने का इरादा रखता है, क्योंकि उसका मानना है कि यह मॉडल अन्य मॉडलों की तुलना में प्रोत्साहन को बेहतर तरीके से संरेखित करता है। जैसे, सिक्कों के स्वामित्व का चिया ब्लॉकचेन के [शासन](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/governance) पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता है, जो अन्य सार्वजनिक ब्लॉकचेन के मॉडल के लिए एक अलग दृष्टिकोण है।

### आप चिया नेटवर्क (XCH) कहां से खरीद सकते हैं?

[चिया नेटवर्क](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/currencies/chia-network/) (XCH) [हुओबी](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/huobi-global/), [गेट.आईओ](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/gate-io/) पर उपलब्ध है, [युनिस्वैप (V2)](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/uniswap-v2/), [केयुकॉइन](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/kucoin/) और [ओकेएक्स](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/okex/)।

यहां कुछ अन्य लेख दिए गए हैं, जिनमें आपकी रुचि हो सकती है:

* [Crypto Faucet क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [क्रिप्टो डेबिट कार्ड क्या हैं?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [वेब 3.0 क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [यील्ड फार्मिंग(Yield Farming) क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [क्रिप्टो ऋण(Crypto Lending) क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)
* [मेटावर्स क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-the-metaverse-an-overview-and-a-deep-dive-of-the-top-metaverses)
* [फैन टोकन क्या हैं?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-fan-tokens)
* [नौसिखिया कैचअप: NFTs का A-Z](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/newbie-catchup-the-a-z-of-nfts)
* [ऑटोमेटेड मार्किट मेकर्स क्या हैं?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-automated-market-makers)
* [क्रिप्टो ETF क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-etf)

🌱 Version 2.4.1 of the Chia reference wallet is now available for download. It fixes an issue with light wallet syncing. We recommend upgrading if you only use the light wallet. This release is optional for farmers, full node users, and users who connect to trusted full nodes. 

Note: You cannot import or use a 12-word mnemonic key with 2.4.0 or 2.4.1. To import and use a 12-word mnemonic key, we recommend you use 2.3.1. This will be resolved in a future release.

🌱 Version 2.4.1 of the Chia reference wallet is now available for download. It fixes an issue with light wallet syncing. We recommend upgrading if you only use the light wallet. This release is optional for farmers, full node users, and users who connect to trusted full nodes. 

Note: You cannot import or use a 12-word mnemonic key with 2.4.0 or 2.4.1. To import and use a 12-word mnemonic key, we recommend you use 2.3.1. This will be resolved in a future release.

Download here
https://t.co/4N0ap5yKhF

What Is Chia Network (XCH)? Features, Tokenomics and Price Prediction

Chia

Flow

Hashflow is a DEX Aggregator that offers deep liquidity across the leading blockchains. Hashflow offers traders the best prices, access to $8B in liquidity, and the ability to trade every token both interchain and cross chain. Since launching in April 2021, Hashflow has facilitated over $18B in total trade volume.

Hashflow's team consists of top minds from both web2 and web3 including Airbnb, Amazon, Arbitrum, Citadel, Genesis Trading, and more. Backers include Dragonfly Capital, Electric Capital, Coinbase Ventures, Wintermute Trading, and Balaji Srinivasan.

Hashflow

Ethereum-based DYDX ($ethDYDX) is a governance token that allows the dYdX community to truly govern the dYdX Layer 2 Protocol built on Ethereum ("dYdX v3"). ethDYDX is currently undergoing a migration from Ethereum to the dYdX Chain. More information is available here. If you want to migrate ethDYDX to dYdX Chain DYDX, to enable staking, security and governance of the dYdX Chain you can follow the how-to-bridge guide here.

If you want to read about the new token utility for dYdX Chain DYDX you can read the blog here

ethDYDX (dYdX) is the governance token for the layer 2 protocol built on Ethereum. By enabling shared control of dYdX v3, ethDYDX allows traders, liquidity providers, and partners of dYdX to work collectively towards an enhanced dYdX v3.

Built on StarkWare’s StarkEx scalability engine, layer 2 is used for trading of cross-margined perpetuals on the platform. The scaling solution allows dYdX to increase transaction speed, eliminate gas costs, reduce trading fees and lower​​ minimum trade sizes on the protocol.

A total of 1,000,000,000 ethDYDX have been minted, and started to become accessible over five (5) years, on August 3rd, 2021, at 15:00:00 UTC.

dYdX (ethDYDX)

Self-described as "Polkadot's wild cousin," Kusama is an experimental blockchain platform that is designed to provide a massively interoperable and scalable framework for developers.

Kusama is built on Substrate — a blockchain building kit developed by Parity Technologies. Kusama has almost the same codebase as Polkadot — one of the most successful interoperable blockchains.

By deploying on Kusama, fast-paced projects gain access to a highly scalable, interoperable sharded network, with features that are not yet available on Polkadot. To that end, Kusama describes itself as a “canary network.”

The platform is designed to provide a testbed for developers looking to innovate and deploy their own blockchain and can be used as a preparatory network before launching on Polkadot — though many projects opt to stick with Kusama for their final product.

Kusama benefits from a low barrier to entry for deploying parachains, low bond requirements for validators, and is most commonly used by early-stage startups and for experimentation.

Kusama

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Mina Protocol is a minimal “succinct blockchain” built to curtail computational requirements in order to run DApps more efficiently. Mina has been described as the world’s lightest blockchain since its size is designed to remain constant despite growth in usage. Furthermore, it remains balanced in terms of security and decentralization. The project was rebranded from Coda Protocol to Mina in October 2020.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Mina Protocol.

The Mina network has a size of only 22 KB, which is miniscule when compared to Bitcoin’s 300 GB blockchain.

Mina

Trust Wallet Token, or TWT, is a simple BEP-20 utility token that provides a range of benefits and incentives to Trust Wallet users. Trust Wallet itself is a mobile cryptocurrency wallet that supports dozens of popular native assets, in addition to popular tokens on the Ethereum, Binance and TRON blockchains.

Holders of TWT tokens unlock a variety of benefits when using Trust Wallet, including discounts on in-app cryptocurrency purchases and on the use of decentralized exchange (DEX) services. TWT holders can also participate in the governance of Trust Wallet and can vote on Trust Wallet update proposals, helping to shape the development of the app.

Trust Wallet Token was initially launched as a BEP-2 asset on Binance Chain, but was relaunched as a BEP-20 token on Binance Smart Chain in October 2020.

Trust Wallet Token

The 1inch Network unites decentralized protocols whose synergy enables the most lucrative, fastest, and protected operations in the DeFi space.

The 1inch Network's first protocol is a decentralized exchange (DEX) aggregator solution that searches deals across multiple liquidity sources, offering users better rates than any individual exchange. The 1inch Aggregation Protocol incorporates the Pathfinder algorithm for finding the best paths across over 400+ liquidity sources on 12 chains: Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Avalanche, Optimism, Arbitrum, Fantom, Gnosis Chain, Klaytn, Aurora, zkSync and Base.

In just over two years the 1inch DEX aggregator has reached 1M users and surpassed $150B in overall volume on the Ethereum network alone.

The 1inch Limit Order Protocol facilitates the most innovative and flexible limit order swap opportunities in DeFi. The protocol’s features, such as dynamic pricing, conditional orders, and extra RFQ support, power various implementations, including stop-loss and trailing stop orders, as well as auctions.

The 1inch Wallet is a multichain mobile platform that provides an easy-to-navigate interface with secure storing, transaction, and staking capabilities. This versatile wallet was built from the ground up to streamline interacting with 1inch’s features.

The 1INCH token is the governance and utility token of the 1inch Network. 1INCH holders can stake their tokens to participate in the 1inch Network's DAO governance, including the 1inch DAO Treasury management. Also, holders can choose resolvers and earn a part of their fees.

With the 1inch Fusion, users can stake 1INCH tokens to receive Unicorn Power (UP), then subsequently delegate their UP to any 1inch Fusion Resolver to start receiving rewards from them. When staking, there is the option to set a custom or preset lock period. User’s st1INCH tokens cannot be unstaked/withdrawn without penalty until the designated lock period expires.

In December 2020, 1inch raised $12 million in Series A funding, led by Pantera Capital, with others including ParaFi Capital, Blockchain Capital, Nima Capital, and Spartan Group. The funding round was conducted through a SAFT (simple agreement for future tokens) sale.

In December 2021, 1inch has closed a $175 million Series B round, led by Amber Group. Among about 50 investors that participated in the funding event are Jane Street, VanEck, Fenbushi Capital, Alameda Research, Celsius, Nexo, Tribe Capital and Gemini Frontier Fund.

1inch Network

Aptos is a Layer 1 Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain that employs a novel smart contract programming language called Move, a Rust-based programming language that was independently developed by Meta (formerly Facebook)’s Diem blockchain engineers.

Aptos’s vision is a blockchain that brings mainstream adoption to web3 and empowers an ecosystem of DApps to solve real-world user problems.

The PoS blockchain can achieve a theoretical transaction throughput of over 150,000 transactions per second (tps) through parallel execution.

In March 2022, Aptos raised $200 million in a seed round led by the venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz (a16z). Other crypto heavyweights like Tiger Global and Multicoin Capital took part in the funding round. Fast forward to July, the startup raised another $200 million in a Series A round with participation from Dragonfly, Apollo Global, Franklin Templeton, Animoca, Jump Crypto and others.

Two months later, Binance Labs made a strategic investment of an undisclosed amount in Aptos.

On Oct. 18, 2022, Aptos announced the mainnet launch, while the Aptos genesis occurred on Oct. 12, 2022.

Aptos

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

The Internet Computer blockchain incorporates a radical rethink of blockchain design, powered by innovations in cryptography. It provides the first “World Computer” blockchain that can be used to build almost any online system or service, including demanding web social media, without need for traditional IT such as cloud computing services. As such it can enable full end-to-end decentralization.

Internet Computer

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

Vega Protocol provides the derivatives scaling layer for Web3. It is a custom-built proof-of-stake blockchain, which makes it possible to trade derivatives on a decentralised network with comparable experience to using a centralised exchange.

VEGA is the network governance and staking token. It is used for:

Voting on the creation of new markets on the network

Running validator nodes on the network via staking VEGA tokens

Earning fees from traders through staking and delegation

Governing important network parameters which ensure markets are secure and fair

Vega Protocol

Ethereum Classic (ETC) is the original Ethereum (ETH) blockchain that launched in July 2015. Its main function is as a smart contract network, with the ability to host and support decentralized applications (DApps). Its native token is ETC.

Since its launch, Ethereum Classic has sought to differentiate itself from Ethereum, with the two networks’ technical roadmap diverging further and further from each other with time.

Ethereum Classic first set out to preserve the integrity of the existing Ethereum blockchain after a major hacking event led to the theft of 3.6 million ETH.

Ethereum Classic

Toncoin (TON) is the native cryptocurrency of the decentralized layer-1 blockchain, The Open Network (TON). The TON blockchain is open-sourced and supported by many network contributors, including the Switzerland-based non-profit organization, the TON Foundation.

Since 2017, the Telegram team had been developing the codebase for a blockchain network, then named Telegram Open Network (TON), with a native cryptocurrency named 'Gram.' In May 2020, Telegram founder and CEO Pavel Durov announced the end of Telegram's involvement with the TON Blockchain following a court order by the SEC. The Gram token was never issued.

Since 2020, the technology has been developed by an independent community of developers and blockchain enthusiasts. The non-profit TON Foundation is the most prominent of these supporters. The blockchain was renamed from "Telegram Open Network" to "The Open Network," with Toncoin now the native cryptocurrency of the TON network.
The whitepaper contains part of the original codebase written by Dr. Nikolai Durov, co-founder of Telegram and brother of Pavel Durov. Toncoin utilizes the proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus model for network scalability and reliability.

TON Foundation's vision is to empower 500 million users to own their digital identity, data, and assets by 2028 by empowering developers to build a Web3 ecosystem in Telegram Messenger.

Toncoin

Polkadot is an open-source sharded multichain protocol that connects and secures a network of specialized blockchains, facilitating cross-chain transfer of any data or asset types, not just tokens, thereby allowing blockchains to be interoperable with each other. Polkadot was designed to provide a foundation for a decentralized internet of blockchains, also known as Web3.

Polkadot is known as a layer-0 metaprotocol because it underlies and describes a format for a network of layer 1 blockchains known as parachains (parallel chains). As a metaprotocol, Polkadot is also capable of autonomously and forklessly updating its own codebase via on-chain governance according to the will of its token holder community.

Polkadot provides a foundation to support a decentralized web, controlled by its users, and to simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.

The Polkadot protocol can connect public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot Relay Chain (explained further down).

Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: staking for operations and security, facilitating network governance, and bonding tokens to  connect parachains .

Polkadot has four core components:

Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;

Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;

Parathreads: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;

Bridges: allow parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.

Polkadot

Ravencoin is a digital peer-to-peer (P2P) network that aims to implement a use case specific blockchain, designed to efficiently handle one specific function: the transfer of assets from one party to another. Built on a fork of the Bitcoin code, Ravencoin was announced on Oct. 31, 2017 and released binaries for mining on Jan. 3, 2018 with what is called a fair launch: no premine, ICO or masternodes. It was named in reference to a TV show Game of Thrones.

Ravencoin

Starknet

Karura is an all-in-one decentralized finance (DeFi) hub and stablecoin platform built on Kusama (KSM) and integrated into Polkadot (DOT). Karura was created by the Acala Network, which has won four Web3 Foundation grants and founded the Substrate Developer Academy.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Karura.

Both Karura and Acala are backed by multiple funds, including Coinbase Ventures, Pantera Capital, Polychain Capital and Hypersphere. Karura and Acala operate in parallel. Specifically, Karura is implementing DeFi on Kusama in the same way that Acala is offering DeFi on Polkadot. The network is built with almost the same codebase as Acala: the two platforms provide scalable, convenient and fast DeFi cross-chain ecosystems for Kusama and Polkadot.

Parachain Karura is a platform that allows users to create effective, low-cost and complex financial applications, saving time and increasing trading efficiency.

The platform itself provides a multi-collateralized stablecoin backed by cross-chain assets (kUSD), a trustless staking derivative (liquid KSM), and an automated market maker (AMM) decentralized exchange (DEX) for unlocking liquidity and supporting financial innovation.

Karura is the decentralized financial hub of Kusama, a scalable multi-chain network for radical innovation and early-stage Polkadot deployments. Karura is the sister network to Acala. It hosts multichain liquid staking token (LST) protocols (such as liquid KSM - LKSM), an AMM decentralized exchange, and an app platform that is EVM-compatible and highly customizable (based on Substrate). Karura is secured by Kusama, and is the liquidity gateway of Kusama parachains, Acala and L1/L2 blockchains

Karura

NEAR Protocol is a layer-one blockchain that was designed as a community-run cloud computing platform and that eliminates some of the limitations that have been bogging competing blockchains, such as low transaction speeds, low throughput and poor interoperability. This provides the ideal environment for DApps and creates a developer and user-friendly platform. For instance, NEAR uses human-readable account names, unlike the cryptographic wallet addresses common to Ethereum. NEAR also introduces unique solutions to scaling problems and has its own consensus mechanism called “Doomslug.”

NEAR Protocol is being built by the NEAR Collective, its community that is updating the initial code and releasing updates to the ecosystem. Its declared goal is to build a platform that is “secure enough to manage high value assets like money or identity and performant enough to make them useful for everyday people.”

Flux, a protocol that allows developers to create markets based on assets, commodities, real-world events, and Mintbase, an NFT minting platform are examples of projects being built on NEAR Protocol.