## कैस्पर (CSPR) क्या है?

30 मार्च, 2021 को मेननेट पर लॉन्च किया गया, कैस्पर पहला लाइव प्रूफ-ऑफ-स्टेक (PoS) ब्लॉकचैन है, जो कैस्पर सीबीसी स्पेसिफिकेशन से निर्मित है। कैस्पर प्लेटफॉर्म को ग्लोबल लेवल पर [ब्लॉकचेन टेक्नोलॉजी](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain), स्मार्ट कॉन्ट्रैक्ट्स और डैप्स को अपनाने को बढ़ावा देने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है।

अपने फ्यूचर-प्रूफ आर्किटेक्चर के साथ, कैस्पर को यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है कि प्लेटफ़ॉर्म लगातार अपने यूजर की विकसित आवश्यकताओं के अनुसार विकसित हो, और यह सभी पृष्ठभूमि के डेवलपर्स के लिए अधिकतम पहुंच योग्य हो। आधिकारिक श्वेत पत्र के अनुसार, कैस्पर को उद्यम और डेवलपर दोनों की जरूरतों के अनुरूप अनुकूलित किया गया है। कैस्पर का मिशन वेब3 के लिए एक नए युग की शुरुआत करना है, क्योंकि सहज ज्ञान युक्त, परस्पर जुड़ी सेवाओं की मांग पूरे मंडल में बढ़ती जा रही है। कैस्पर एडॉप्शन ट्रिलेमा को हल करके ऐसा करता है: एक ही ब्लॉकचेन प्रोटोकॉल के भीतर उद्यम-ग्रेड सुरक्षा, मापनीयता और डीसेंट्रलाइज़्ड की पेशकश करता है।

### कैस्पर के संस्थापक कौन हैं?

#### मेधा पार्लीकर, सह-संस्थापक और सीटीओ

मेधा कैस्परलैब्स के सह-संस्थापकों में से एक हैं और इसके सीटीओ के रूप में कार्य करती हैं। उसने 80 के दशक की शुरुआत में अपने तहखाने में कंप्यूटर बनाने के लिए टेक्नोलॉजी के साथ काम करना शुरू किया। तब से, उसने पिछले दो दशकों में एडोबी, ओमनीचर, और आवलारा जैसे प्रमुख कॉर्पोरेशंस के लिए उत्पादन SaaS सॉफ़्टवेयर वितरित करने के लिए भेजा है। अपनी तकनीकी दक्षताओं के अलावा, मेधा की ताकत में उच्च कार्यशील तकनीकी टीमों का निर्माण और ग्राहकों की समस्याओं को हल करने वाले समाधान देने के लिए उन्हें प्रेरित करना शामिल है।

#### मृणाल मनोहर, सह-संस्थापक और सीईओ

मृणाल का एक कंप्यूटर प्रोग्रामर और एक वित्त पेशेवर दोनों के रूप में एक व्यापक करियर है। कैस्पर की स्थापना से पहले, मृणाल सागरर्ड कैपिटल में प्रिंसिपल और टेक्नोलॉजी/मीडिया/टेलीकॉम सेक्टर हेड, बैन कैपिटल में प्राइवेट इक्विटी एसोसिएट और बैन एंड कंपनी में एसोसिएट कंसल्टेंट थीं। ब्लॉकचैन उद्योग में अपने पेशेवर योगदान के अलावा, मृणाल 2012 से ईथीरियम, ब्लॉकस्टैक, बेसिस, मेकर, फाइल कॉइन और अन्य में सीड निवेशक के रूप में व्यक्तिगत रूप से इस क्षेत्र में निवेश कर रहा है।

### कैस्पर को क्या खास बनाता है?

कैस्पर ब्लॉकचेन तकनीक और प्रूफ-ऑफ-स्टेक (PoS) सर्वसम्मति पद्धति का एक अनूठा उपयोग है। अपने पूरी तरह से डीसेंट्रलाइज़्ड दृष्टिकोण के कारण, यूज़ कैसेस के मामले में नेटवर्क बेहद बहुमुखी है। इतना ही नहीं, कैस्पर एक भविष्य-सबूत डिजाइन का दावा करता है, जिसमें अपग्रेड करने योग्य स्मार्ट कॉन्ट्रैक्ट्स और ट्रांज़ैक्शन के लिए अनुमानित गैस शुल्क है। इसके अतिरिक्त, कैस्पर ब्लॉकचेन ऊर्जा खपत के लिए एक नया मानक पेश कर रहा है, और [बिटकॉइन की तुलना में 136, 000% अधिक ऊर्जा कुशल है](https://blog.casperlabs.io/new-power-usage-report-shows-the-casper-networks-impressive-energy-efficiency-relative-to-other-blockchain-protocols)।

इनोवेटिव करेक्ट-बॉय-कंस्ट्रक्शन (सीबीसी) कैस्पर स्पेसिफिकेशन नेटवर्क की एक उल्लेखनीय विशेषता है। यह स्पेसिफिकेशन सभी एंटरप्राइज लेवल्स पर ब्लॉकचेन सेवाओं को तेजी से अपनाने की अनुमति देता है। PoS सर्वसम्मति पर भरोसा करके, कैस्पर स्केलेबिलिटी और डेटाबेस मैनेजमेंट सोलूशन्स सुनिश्चित करता है। कैस्पर और CSPR टोकन, कैस्परलैब्स के वर्षों के शोध का परिणाम हैं।

इसके अलावा, कैस्परलैब्स, कैस्पर नेटवर्क पर निर्माण करने वाले संगठनों के लिए एंटरप्राइज-लेवल सेवाएं और समर्थन प्रदान करने के लिए मौजूद है, ठीक उसी तरह जैसे रेड हैट लिनक्स इकोसिस्टम के भीतर संगठनों के निर्माण का समर्थन करता है। एडोबी,आवलारा और गूगल जैसे एंटरप्राइज़ सॉफ़्टवेयर संगठनों में टीम के अनूठे अनुभव को चलाने के लिए धन्यवाद, कैस्परलैब्स विशिष्ट रूप से कैस्पर को वास्तविक ब्लॉकचेन के रूप में उन्नत करने के लिए तैयार है, जो कि वेब 3 वातावरण में निर्माण करना चाहते हैं, लेकिन अधिक समर्पित की आवश्यकता है। ओपन-सोर्स, डीसेंट्रलाइज़्ड एप्लीकेशन से जितना संभव हो सके समर्थन के स्तर।

### कितने Casper Coins (CSPR) कॉइन प्रचलन में हैं?

CSPR की प्रारंभिक सर्क्युलेटिंग सप्लाई निम्नानुसार है:

* 400M CSPR को [कॉइनलिस्ट](http://coinlist.co/casper) पर कैस्पर की पब्लिक सेल के स्वतंत्र रूप से कारोबार किए गए किश्त से जारी किया गया।
* लगभग 183 मिलियन CSPR एक्सचेंजों को लिक्विडिटी के रूप में प्रदान किया गया
* अब तक जारी किए गए टोकनों को आवंटित किए जाने का अनुमान है। यह नंबर वास्तविक समय में अपडेट होता है क्योंकि सिग्निओरेज जारी किया जाता है।

CSPR के अतिरिक्त भाग विभिन्न इकोसिस्टम प्रतिभागियों द्वारा आयोजित किए जाते हैं, जिनमें वैलिडेटर नोड ऑपरेटर, कैस्पर फाउंडेशन, टीम और सलाहकार, डेवलपर प्रोत्साहन के प्रभारी डीएओ और कैस्परलैब्स एजी शामिल हैं, जैसा कि नीचे दिए गए चार्ट में दिखाया गया है।

### कैस्पर नेटवर्क कैसे सुरक्षित है?

कैस्पर नेटवर्क अपनी नेटवर्क सुरक्षा के लिए PoS सर्वसम्मति तंत्र पर निर्भर करता है। PoS नोड सत्यापनकर्ताओं का चयन करने के लिए टोकन स्टेकिंग पर निर्भर करता है, जो सर्वसम्मति को अत्यंत बहुमुखी और स्केलेबल बनाने की अनुमति देता है। बिटकॉइन ब्लॉकचेन द्वारा उपयोग किए जाने वाले प्रूफ-ऑफ-वर्क ([PoW](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-work-pow)) सर्वसम्मति के विपरीत, PoS को सत्यापन करने और चेन में नए ब्लॉक जोड़ने के लिए बड़ी मात्रा में विद्युत या कंप्यूटिंग शक्ति की आवश्यकता नहीं होती है।

कैस्पर करेक्ट-बाय-कंस्ट्रक्शन (CBC) कैस्पर स्पेसिफिकेशन को भी नियोजित करता है, जो बीजान्टिन फॉल्ट टॉलरेंस (BFT) एप्लीकेशन के लिए एक उन्नत दृष्टिकोण का उपयोग करता है। कैस्पर के एंटरप्राइज-ग्रेड आर्किटेक्चर ने कई सुरक्षा ऑडिट पूरे किए हैं, हाल ही में जनवरी 2021 में ट्रेल ऑफ बिट्स के साथ, जिसमें शून्य उच्च गंभीरता के परिणाम मिले और पुष्टि की कि कैस्पर ने "सुरक्षा स्वच्छता का उचित उपयोग दिखाया।"

### आप कैस्पर कॉइन (CSPR) कहां से खरीद सकते हैं?

[CSP](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-stablecoin) एक्सचेंजों की बढ़ती संख्या पर ट्रेडिंग के लिए उपलब्ध है, वर्तमान में कई स्टेबल कॉइन ट्रेडिंग जोड़े उपलब्ध हैं। [हुओबी ग्लोबल](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/huobi-global/) वर्तमान में CSPR ट्रेडिंग के लिए सबसे सक्रिय प्लेटफार्म है, और अन्य उपलब्ध एक्सचेंजों में शामिल हैं:

* [OKEx](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/okex/)
* [Gate.io](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/gate-io/)
* [कॉइनलिस्ट प्रो](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/coinlist-pro/)
* [ZB](https://coinmarketcap.com/hi/exchanges/zb-com/)

यहां कुछ अन्य लेख दिए गए हैं, जिनमें आपकी रुचि हो सकती है:

* [Crypto Faucet क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [क्रिप्टो डेबिट कार्ड क्या हैं?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [वेब 3.0 क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [यील्ड फार्मिंग(Yield Farming) क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [क्रिप्टो ऋण(Crypto Lending) क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)
* [मेटावर्स क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-the-metaverse-an-overview-and-a-deep-dive-of-the-top-metaverses)
* [फैन टोकन क्या हैं?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-fan-tokens)
* [नौसिखिया कैचअप: NFTs का A-Z](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/newbie-catchup-the-a-z-of-nfts)
* [ऑटोमेटेड मार्किट मेकर्स क्या हैं?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-automated-market-makers)
* [क्रिप्टो ETF क्या है?](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-etf)

's annual ACTUS Conference 2024 in Washington D.C. 

Our Head of R&D, Mark Greenslade, shared his thoughts on securing financial contracts by bringing financial contracts into the 

Mark discusses how adopting financial standards such as 

 will be a huge win for regulators and financial institutions!

We recently partnered and sponsored @ActusResearch's annual ACTUS Conference 2024 in Washington D.C. 

Our Head of R&D, Mark Greenslade, shared his thoughts on securing financial contracts by bringing financial contracts into the #DLT or #blockchain space. 

Mark discusses how adopting financial standards such as #Actus will be a huge win for regulators and financial institutions!

📞 Welcome to the latest Casper Association X Space Community Call with 

! This month's session featured valuable updates on the ecosystem and grants program, ongoing partnerships, and Prove 

📞 Welcome to the latest Casper Association X Space Community Call with @alizee_inboston, @SteveCareaga, and @piotrdz! This month's session featured valuable updates on the ecosystem and grants program, ongoing partnerships, and Prove #AI by @Casper_Labs. 

Catch up on here: https://t.co/rqrif9mBDp

What Is Casper (CSPR)? 

Casper

The XDC Network is a blockchain developed to support trade finance and the tokenization of RWAs. A highly optimized, EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain, XDC Network reaches consensus through a delegated proof-of-stake (dPoS) mechanism, which allows for a transaction time of mere seconds, near zero gas fees, and a high number of transactions per second (TPS).

Secure, scalable, and highly efficient, the XDC Network powers a wide range of novel blockchain use cases and provides state-of-the-art infrastructure for enterprise-grade blockchain applications. With architecture that enables the creation of sovereign sub-networks, XDC Network is uniquely equipped to support those who require dedicated blockchain environments for enhanced permissions and control, such as government agencies, financial institutions, and businesses.

As of April 25, 2024, there are 312 XDC Network validator masternode candidates, of which 108 actively operate as validator masternodes, and the remainder are standby masternodes. Each masternode operator is required to stake 10M XDC.

A forthcoming upgrade to the consensus mechanism, dubbed XDC 2.0, is currently running on testnet. It and subsequent iterations of the XDC Network protocol will further enhance the security of the consensus mechanism and incorporate a novel "judiciary branch" into the consensus mechanism.

Developed by Princeton University's Pramod Viswanath, Hash Laboratories' Fisher Yu, and their team, XDC 2.0’s cutting-edge compliance technology will ensure unprecedented Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) by holding validators accountable for their actions on an automated yet discretionary basis.

XDC Network

Quant launched in June 2018 with the goal of connecting blockchains and networks on a global scale, without reducing the efficiency and interoperability of the network. It is the first project to solve the interoperability problem through the creation of the first blockchain operating system.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Quant.

The project is built as an operating system distributed ledger technology— and Overledger Network — for connecting different blockchain networks. The project is billed as the first OS to be built for blockchains.

The main aim of Quant — using Overledger — is to bridge the gap that exists between different blockchains. The backbone of the project is the Overledger network, which Quant bills as the ecosystem on which the future digital economy ecosystem will be built.

Overledger allows developers to build decentralized multi-chain applications (known as MApps) for their customers. For developers to build a Mapp on the network, they must hold a certain amount of Quant tokens (QNT).

Quant

Algorand is a self-sustaining, decentralized, blockchain-based network that supports a wide range of applications. These systems are secure, scalable and efficient, all critical properties for effective applications in the real world. Algorand will support computations that require reliable performance guarantees to create new forms of trust.

The Algorand mainnet became live in June 2019, and was able to handle almost 1 million transactions per day as of December 2020. Algorand transaction metrics can be viewed here. Algorand initial coin offering (ICO) was held in June 2019, with the Algorand price of $0.24 per token.

Algorand

Hedera is the most used, sustainable, enterprise-grade public network for the decentralized economy that allows individuals and businesses to create powerful decentralized applications (DApps).

It is designed to be a fairer, more efficient system that eliminates some of the limitations that older blockchain-based platforms face — such as slow performance and instability.

It was funded through an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2018 and first launched open access to its mainnet just over a year later in September 2019. As part of the ICO, investors were able to purchase the platform’s native utility token (HBAR) at the lowest possible pricing.

The HBAR token has a dual role within the Hedera public network.

First and foremost, HBAR the fuel that powers Hedera services, such as smart contracts, file storage and regular transactions. Second, it's used to help secure the network, since HBAR users can stake their tokens to assist with maintaining the integrity of the platform.

Hedera (HBAR) is the native cryptocurrency of Hedera Hashgraph, a platform that is positioned as an alternative to traditional blockchain technology and aims to excel in speed, efficiency and security.

Older blockchains tend to use a consensus mechanism like proof-of-work (PoW) to validate transactions, while younger blockchains opted for proof-of-stake (PoS). The Hedera Hashgraph system has a structure that was created from scratch particularly for the project. Hedera is based on a PoS model that is believed to increase the efficiency of transaction verification in the network, provide a high level of security, and protect the network from hacker attacks. Its ecosystem has the underlying hashgraph consensus algorithm and the global enterprise governing body.

Hedera Hashgraph is a distributed ledger technology (DLT). According to the project website, Hedera differs from other blockchains because it uses a new consensus algorithm called hashgraph. It intends to process and execute transactions faster, eliminate delays, and smooth out the TPS (transactions per second) indicator. Hashgraph is claimed to be an upgrade in transaction speed, cost, and scalability.

Core network services by Hedera:

Consensus Service (HCS). With HCS, clients send messages to the network to negotiate consensus timestamping and order. In this case, the state is stored offline, and users can define privacy and access control.

Hedera Token Service (HTS). Thanks to HTS, token creation and management are available to customers. It supports built-in tokenization.

The goal of Hedera’s hashgraph is to increase the speed of transactions. Moreover, the network is also focused on high-volume operations: micropayments, data integrity and tokenization.

Like the EVM, the Hedera network maintains a virtual machine that writes smart contracts in the Solidity programming language. On top of that, Hedera offers a set of built-in KYC and AML checks.

From a technical point of view, Hedera is a form of distributed ledger technology. It is a hashgraph, or consensus algorithm, where users agree on the order in which transactions should be performed. However, Hedera is not exactly a blockchain. It has its own distinctiveness and works differently. With hashgraph, all transaction branches are merged, no block equivalent is thrown away, and each is used to reach consensus.

One of the most noticeable features of the network is the Gossip-about-Gossip protocol. According to Dr. Leemon Baird, Hedera's inventor, within the system nodes randomly transmit data about themselves to other nodes via hashgraph using the Gossip protocol. Soon, all nodes in a cluster become familiar with each other. Then a certain data structure is formed. It consists of a payload of transactions, a timestamp, a digital signature, and hashes to the previous structures.

HBAR is Hedera's native token that powers applications on the Hedera network. HBAR is utilized to pay for network services, transaction fees, in-app payments and micropayments. Developers can pay network fees with HBAR tokens, namely: work with smart contracts, file storage and currency exchange. HBAR is used to incentivize and pay network nodes.

Hedera Hashgraph has a decentralized governance system that is set apart. All critical decisions about pricing policy, software updates, and wealth management are made by the Governing Council.

Hedera

VeChainThor (VET) is a versatile enterprise-grade L1 smart contract platform whose origins began in 2015. VeChain is known as a pioneer of real-world enterprise applications, and built a distributed platform powered by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, NFC chips and blockchain to help various industries solve data-related challenges.

VeChain solves major blockchain adoption hurdles. The platform uses an intelligent two token model, VET and VTHO, separating the protocol's Store of Value and gas fee payment mechanisms, ensuring costs can be kept low and stable. Fee delegation allows smart contracts to pay gas fees on behalf of business users, and an advanced transaction model allows data to be packaged more efficiently while ensuring finality of data.

VeChain is focused on delivering a wave of incentive-based sustainability dApps through its new platform, VeBetterDAO, working closely with Boston Consulting Group to achieve adoption across enterprise and individual users, and helping  onboard the next billion users to Web3 over the coming decade.

From supply chains to sustainability, VeChain has continuously demonstrated its leading role as a driver of blockchain in business, and is dedicated to its role as a pioneer of driving real world adoption of blockchain technology.

VeChain

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that features unique architecture and an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions to use in Web3. It is built on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle, which can be pictured as a multi-dimensional blockchain. It enables the exchange of data and value on a decentralized platform through direct and secure transfers, executed on and immutably recorded on the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into IOTA.

Together with its staging network Shimmer, IOTA aims to offer solutions to establish a secure and permissionless infrastructure that can drive the economy of the future. It enables the development of decentralized applications through automated trust in the form of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, an advanced consensus algorithm, and thoughtfully balanced incentives.

IOTA delivers tools for creating and managing custom Layer 2 (EVM) chains, deploying smart contracts, minting native tokens and NFTs with distinctive features, and introducing digital identities to users.

Launching in 2024, IOTA 2.0 will be a protocol upgrade that rebuilds IOTA’s architecture to deliver full decentralization. You can find more about it here.

IOTA

Stellar (XLM) is a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized network created in 2014 by The Stellar Development Foundation or Stellar.org. The network officially launched in 2015 with the purpose of connecting the world's financial systems and ensuring a protocol for payment providers and financial institutions. The platform is designed to move financial resources swiftly and reliably at minimal cost. Stellar links people, banks, payment processors and allows users to create, send and trade multiple types of crypto.

The basis of the network is its native digital currency - XLM or Lumens. XLM acts as an intermediate currency for operations and is also used to pay transaction fees. How it works: the protocol converts money in a few seconds, first into XLM, and then into the requested currency.

The Stellar payment protocol is based on distributed ledger technology -- an open-source development, community-owned and distributed by community. The crypto asset of the Stellar platform helps with cross-border transactions, overcoming the problems of high fees and slow procedures. XLM is more focused on assisting individuals transfer money than they are with institutions. Thus, Stellar offers access to financial systems, and people can send money at low cost and promptly around the world.

Moreover, Stellar serves as a decentralized exchange and marketplace, with a built-in order book that tracks ownership of Stellar assets. Platform users can manage buy/sell orders, as well as select and set their preferred assets in settlements. XLM is a built-in coin that helps reduce transaction fees.

The network maintains a high level of security.  XLM holders must have at least one token in order to remain active on the network. This nuance performs a global goal - the execution of network transactions efficiently and with minimal time costs. Plus, Lumens offers protection against flood attacks by making microtransactions too expensive for hackers with no chance of profit, which keeps Stellar Network safe from serious threats.

The target audience of Stellar is the inhabitants of developing countries, ordinary users who are provided access to the global economy through fast, simple and inexpensive transactions. Stellar Network makes extensive use of Lumens to produce live convection as well as to send cash in multiple currencies; currency is sent from one peer, and the recipient can receive the amount in another currency. This feature is beneficial when a transaction is made between currencies without widely traded pairs.

Support for multi-currency transactions is another competitive advantage of Stellar, and the ability for cross-currency transactions has only enhanced processes with foreign operations. Moreover, stable speed and low transaction costs are a privilege that users receive.

This functionality is powered by a development called Anchors (a bridge between different currencies and the network), which simplifies the exchange within the network and helps speed up the whole process.

In summary, the benefits of Stellar (XLM) include:

Stellar

Verasity is an open-ledger ecosystem designed to fight advertising fraud, provide open access to infrastructure for publishers and advertisers, and reward users for watching video content. Verasity also provides payment solutions and a rewarding staking ecosystem with 15% yields guaranteed through to April 2024.

Powered by a mix of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and cutting-edge blockchain technologies, Verasity is building the most powerful advertising ecosystem in the world through VeraViews; developing an open-access payments platform through VeraWallet, the VeraCard, and VeraPay; and enhancing the attention economy through its patented Rewarded Video module.

Verasity

MultiversX is a blockchain protocol that offers true horizontal scalability by using all aspects of sharding (Network, Transaction & State). The project describes itself as a technology ecosystem for the new internet, which includes decentralized finance, real world assets and the Metaverse. Its smart contracts execution platform is reportedly capable of up to 100,000 transactions per second, 6-second latency and a $0.002 transaction cost.

MultiversX is governed and secured through the EGLD token. EGLD, or Electronic Gold, is MultiversX's native token. It acts as a store of value currency to pay for network usage. The coin also serves as a medium of exchange between platform users and validators. Users pay transaction fees in EGLD and validators participate in the consensus process.

EGLD allows developers to deploy smart contracts, protocols, and dApps on the platform. It empowers participants to perform any network action. Through staking and validation rewards, as well as transaction fees, EGLD manages the MultiversX network. Plus, EGLD is endowed with the functionality of a governance token, so its holders can vote on network decisions.

MultiversX

SingularityNET is a blockchain-powered platform that allows anybody to easily "create, share, and monetize" AI services, thanks to its globally-accessible AI marketplace.

Through the SingularityNET marketplace, users can browse, test and purchase a huge variety of AI services using the platform’s native utility token — AGIX. Moreover, the marketplace represents an outlet AI developers can use to publish and sell their AI tools, and easily track their performance.

With the benefits of LLMs and generative AI are increasingly exciting, their limitations are also becoming increasingly apparent. The convergence of structured knowledge with neural networks is emerging as the key to overcoming their shortcomings.

Uniquely positioned at the heart of this convergence, SingularityNET will prioritize the integration of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) and comprehensive Neural Symbolic tools for LLMs, with the goal of empowering developers to create the next generation of AI systems on the SingularityNET Platform.

SingularityNET is strategically positioned to become the Knowledge Layer of the Internet, leading the evolution of the emerging AI landscape while also laying the foundations for the Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) of tomorrow.

The team behind SingularityNET pioneered the development of an AI known as Sophia, which is described as the "world's most expressive robot". SingularityNET’s goal is to enable Sophia to be able to fully understand human language, and continue developing “OpenCog” — an AI framework that is hoped to eventually achieve a state known as “advanced general intelligence,” i.e. human-level artificial intelligence (or beyond).

The platform was first announced in 2017 and completed an initial coin offering (ICO) in December the same year, raising $36 million in just one minute.

SingularityNET

Gala is a web3 ecosystem powered by a layer-1 blockchain (GalaChain) built to power the Gala entertainment ecosystem that originally included Gala Games, Gala Music and Gala Film. More recently however, GalaChain has opened its doors to external developers and projects from any applicable industry, providing open source developer resources to simplify the process.

On a mission to empower users and creators across multiple industries throughout the world, Gala’s goal is to become the first billion user blockchain in the world. Innovators can extend the benefits of web3 to their users and communities more easily than ever before by leveraging open source tools like the GalaChain SDK and Creator Portal.

By elevating their ideas to web3 through GalaChain, developers can create custom tokens, smart contracts, reward opportunities and node networks for their communities and projects. Assets built on GalaChain can also be bridged to other blockchains, such as Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain and more. Developers who wish to learn more about getting involved with GalaChain are welcome to reach out via GalaChain.com.

The core of GalaChain is powered by its DePIN (Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network) of Founder’s Nodes, whose operators earn daily $GALA rewards for actively providing resources to the ecosystem and enjoy governance voting rights on certain core Gala decisions. In addition to the Founder’s Node network’s foundational workload, individual projects can also create Node networks on GalaChain with more specific workloads.

Gala.com
News.Gala.com
Games.Gala.com
Music.Gala.com
Film.Gala.com

Gala

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Ocean Protocol

Energy Web Token (EWT) is the operational token behind the Energy Web Chain, a blockchain-based virtual machine designed to support and further application development for the energy sector.

Energy Web Chain was launched in June 2019. The Energy Web Foundation is the non-profit enterprise behind the project. EWT aims to bring diversity to the energy sector by allowing developers to create decentralized applications (DApps). The virtual machine has the potential to benefit actors from all areas of energetics, including grid operators, software developers, and vendors.

Energy Web Token

Mina Protocol is a minimal “succinct blockchain” built to curtail computational requirements in order to run DApps more efficiently. Mina has been described as the world’s lightest blockchain since its size is designed to remain constant despite growth in usage. Furthermore, it remains balanced in terms of security and decentralization. The project was rebranded from Coda Protocol to Mina in October 2020.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Mina Protocol.

The Mina network has a size of only 22 KB, which is miniscule when compared to Bitcoin’s 300 GB blockchain.

Mina

The Internet Computer blockchain incorporates a radical rethink of blockchain design, powered by innovations in cryptography. It provides the first “World Computer” blockchain that can be used to build almost any online system or service, including demanding web social media, without need for traditional IT such as cloud computing services. As such it can enable full end-to-end decentralization.

Internet Computer

Immutable positions itself as the first layer-two scaling solution for NFTs on Ethereum. According to Immutable, its blockchain does away with Ethereum’s limitations like low scalability, a poor user experience, illiquidity, and a slow developer experience. Instead, users benefit from instant trading and massive scalability while enjoying zero gas fees for minting and trading NFTs without compromising user or asset security.

Thanks to this technology, users will be able to create and distribute assets like ERC-20 and ERC-721 tokens on a massive scale. Chris Clay, the game Director of Gods Unchained, a project already building on Immutable, stated that Immutable allows Gods Unchained to implement a new meta-system that was previously impossible. In this fashion, Immutable aims to create a world-class experience for users and developers alike.

Immutable

Founded in 2017 and launched via IEO on Binance in March 2019, Fetch.AI is an artificial intelligence (AI) lab building an open, permissionless, decentralized machine learning network with a crypto economy. Fetch.ai democratizes access to AI technology with a permissionless network upon which anyone can connect and access secure datasets by using autonomous AI to execute tasks that leverage its global network of data. The Fetch.AI model is rooted in  use cases like optimizing DeFi trading services, transportation networks (parking, micromobility), smart energy grids, travel — essentially any complex digital system that relies on large-scale datasets.

Artificial Superintelligence Alliance

LCX is available for trading on a growing number of exchanges, with cryptocurrency and stablecoin pairs currently available.

Coinbase offers 3 trading pairs pairs with LCX/USD, LCX/USDT and LCX/EUR, while Kraken also offers 2 trading pairs with LCX/EUR and LCX/USD. Uniswap (https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/uniswap/) offers an Ethereum (ETH) trading pair; LCX/ETH. LCX Exchange offers a variety of trading pairs including Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) and USD Coin (USDC) options.

Kadena is a proof-of-work blockchain that combines the PoW consensus mechanism from Bitcoin with directed acyclic graph (DAG) principles to offer a scalable version of Bitcoin. Kadena claims it can provide the security of Bitcoin while being able to offer unparalleled throughput that makes the blockchain usable to enterprises and entrepreneurs alike. Kadena's unique infrastructure is decentralized and built for mass adoption because of its multi-chain approach.

Kadena promises industrial scalability that can support global financial systems and can be scaled as necessary. It also vows to remain energy-efficient at scale and deliver more transactions with the same energy input, another difference to Bitcoin. Moreover, Kadena offers crypto gas stations, which allow businesses to pay for their customers' gas fees and remove a massive pain point in adopting blockchains for business.

Kadena has already scaled its network from 10 to 20 blockchains and can do so again in the future, if necessary. This final addition to Kadena was its private Kuro layer-two blockchain, which supports up to 8,000 transactions per second across 500 nodes.