## Uniswap (UNI) کیا ہوتا ہے؟

[Uniswap](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/uniswap-v2/) ٹریڈنگ کا ایک غیر مرکزیت پر مبنی پروٹوکول ہے، جو کہ غیر مرکزیت پر مبنی فنانس ([DeFi](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-decentralized-finance)) ٹوکنز کی خودکار ٹریڈنگ کی سہولت کاری میں اپنے کردار کے لیے جانا جاتا ہے۔

نومبر 2018 میں شروع ہونے والی خودکار مارکیٹ میکر ([AMM](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/automated-market-maker-amm)) کی یہ مثال، یعنی Uniswap کی مقبولیت میں اس سال خاطر خواہ اضافہ ہوا ہے، جس کا سہرا DeFi کے وجود اور اس سے متعلقہ ٹوکن کی ٹریڈنگ میں اچانک اضافے کو جاتا ہے۔

Uniswap کا مقصد، روایتی ایکسچینجز پر ہونے والی ٹریڈنگ کے مقابلے میں اپنی ٹریڈنگ کے تجربے کو بہتر بناتے ہوئے، ٹوکن کی ٹریڈنگ کے عمل کو خودکار رکھنا اور ایسے ہر فرد کے لیے مکمل طور پر کھلا رکھنا ہے جس کے پاس ٹوکنز موجود ہیں۔

Uniswap خودکار حل کے ساتھ لیکویڈیٹی کے مسائل کو حل کرتے ہوئے مزید تاثیر پیدا کرتا ہے، جس کے ذریعے وہ ایسے] مسائل سے بچ جاتا ہے جن کا سامنا ابتدائی غیر مرکزیت پر مبنی ایکسچینجز کو رہتا تھا۔](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/top-decentralized-exchanges-dex)

ستمبر 2020 میں، Uniswap نے مزید ایک قدم آگے بڑھایا اور پروٹوکول کے سابقہ صارفین کو اپنا [گورننس ٹوکن](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/governance-token)، یعنی UNI فراہم کیا۔ اس سے منافعے کے امکان کے ساتھ ساتھ صارفین کی اپنے مستقبل کی راہ کا تعین کرنے کی صلاحیت میں بھی اضافہ ہوا — جو کہ غیر مرکزیت پر مبنی اکائیوں کا ایک دلچسپ پہلو ہے۔

### Uniswap کے بانیان کون ہیں؟

Uniswap کو اس منصوبے کے تحت بنایا گیا کہ ایک وسیع پیمانے پر سامعین کے لیے [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ethereum/) پر AMMs کو متعارف کروایا جا سکے۔ اس پلیٹ فارم کے تخلیق کار، Ethereum کے ڈویلپر Hayden Adams ہیں۔

Uniswap کو حتمی شکل دینے سے قبل Adams نے کئی پراجیکٹس پر کام کیا، اور ان کے کام کی اطلاع براہ راست، Ethereum کے تخلیق کار Vitalik Buterin نے دی۔ حتیٰ کہ Buterin نے پروٹوکول کو بھی اپنا ہی نام دیا — جسے درحقیقت Unipeg کے نام سے جانا جاتا تھا۔

Adams نے یہ بھی کہا کہ [Uniswap پلیٹ فارم](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/how-to-use-uniswap) کی اصل ترغیب کی وجہ Buterin کی اپنی بلاگ پوسٹس میں سے ایک بنی۔ Ethereum پر توجہ مرکوز کرنے کا اصل تصور تب وجود میں آیا جب 2017 میں ان کے ایک دوست نے ان کو اس حوالے سے راضی کیا کہ وہ اس پروٹوکول پر تحقیقات شروع کریں اور اس کو سمجھنے کی کوشش کریں۔

### Uniswap DAO

فی الوقت Uniswap DAO کے 310,000 سے بھی زائد ممبرز ہیں جو کہ UNI کے [گورننس ٹوکنز](https://gov.uniswap.org/) کو اپنے پاس رکھتے ہوئے $1.6B پر مشتمل خزانے، اور DEX کی [گورننس](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/governance-token) اور منصوبے کے سلسلے میں ووٹ دے سکتے ہیں۔ ایسا ہر فرد ایک تجویذ جمع کروا سکتا ہے جس کے پاس UNI موجود ہوں، تاہم موجودہ قیمتوں میں مزید تبدیلی لانے کا اہل بننے سے قبل انہیں 25,000 مثبت ووٹس حاصل کرنے ہوں گے۔ اگلا مرحلہ مفاہمتی پڑتال کا ہے، جہاں تجویز دینے والے فرد کو بنیادی تبدیلیوں کو واضح کرنا ہو گا اور کم از کم 50,000 مثبت ووٹس حاصل کرنے ہوں گے۔ بالآخر، تجویز کو قبول کیے جانے کے لیے گورننس کے مرحلے میں 40 ملین مثبت ووٹس حاصل کرنے ہوں گے۔ 2021 میں ٹریڈنگ کے حجم کے حساب سے Uniswap اولین DEX، اور خزانے میں موجود رقم کے حساب سے اولین درجہ حاصل کرنے والا DAO تھا۔ تاہم، [BitDAO](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/bitdao/) سے ایک قدم پیچھے ہوتے ہوئے فی الوقت یہ دوسرے درجے پر آتا ہے — جو کہ کرپٹو کے ابھرتے ہوئے پراجیکٹس میں فنڈنگ اور سرمایہ کاری پر مرکوز ایک DAO ہے۔ ہمارے [Uniswap DAO ااور دیگر اولین DAOs کے تفصیلی جائزے](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/a-deep-dive-into-how-the-top-daos-work) سمیت یہ ملاحظہ کریں کہ ان کے گورننس سسٹمز کس طرح سے کام کرتے ہیں۔

### وہ کیا چیز ہے جو Uniswap کو منفرد بناتی ہے؟

Uniswap کا مقصد لیکویڈیٹی پیدا کرنا ہے — اور اسی لیے DeFi کی دنیا کے لیے — ٹریڈ کرنا اور ٹریڈنگ سے حاصل ہونے والی قدر پیدا کرنا بھی اس کے مقاصد میں سے چند ہیں۔

موجودہ طور پر زیر عمل ہونے والے مرکزی AMMs میں سے ایک ہونے والا یہ پروٹوکول، خودکار تبادلے کے لیے ایک فارمولا — یعنی X x Y = K کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کام کرتا ہے۔ اس کے بانی، Hayden Adams نے اپنی وضاحت میں بیان کیا کہ وہ Uniswap پر اس فارمولے کے خصوصی اطلاق کے موجد ہیں۔

Uniswap محض ایک غیر مرکزیت پر مبنی ایکسچینج نہیں، بلکہ یہ ایسے مسائل کو حل کرنے کی کوشش بھی کرتا ہے جو لیکویڈیٹی کے حوالے سے [EtherDelta](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/etherdelta/) جیسے پلیٹ فارمز کو درپیش رہتے ہیں۔

مارکیٹ میکنگ کے عمل کو خودکار بناتے ہوئے، یہ پروٹوکول خطرات کے امکان اور تمام فریقوں کے لیے لاگتوں کو کم کر کے سرگرمی کی حوصلہ افزائی کرتا ہے۔ یہ میکانزم صارفین کے لیے شناختی تقاضوں کو بھی ہٹا دیتا ہے، اور تکنیکی اعتبار سے ک]وئی بھی فرد، ٹوکنز کے کسی بھی جوڑے کے ساتھ ایک لیکویڈیٹی پول تخلیق کر سکتا ہے۔](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-liquidity-pool-lp-tokens)

Uniswap کے مطابق، ان کا گورننس ٹوکن (UNI) اس لیے تخلیق کیا گیا ہے تاکہ یہ "Uniswap کی لازوال اور خودکار صلاحیتوں کا تحفظ برقرار رکھتے ہوئے، عوام کے زیر ملکیت اور خود کفیل انفرااسٹرکچر کی حیثیت سے اس کا مقام بنا سکے۔"

Uniswap V2 کی شروعات 2 نومبر، 2018 میں ہوئی، اور اس نے ERC-20 کے جوڑوں، قیمتوں کے [معلوماتی ٹولز](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/oracles)، اور فلیش سواپس سمیت مزید کئی خصوصیات متعارف کروائیں۔ جدید ترین ورژن — یعنی Uniswap V3 کو، 5 مئی، 2021 کو مین نیٹ پر لانچ کیا گیا۔ یہ [لیکویڈیٹی کے فراہم کنندگان](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/liquidity-provider) کے لیے سرمائے کی کارکردگی کو بہتر بناتا ہے، اور ٹریڈرز کے لیے مزید مؤثر انداز میں عمل درآمد اور بہتر انفراسٹرکچر کی پیشکش کرتا ہے۔ Uniswap کی قیمت [اب تک کی بلند ترین سطح](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/all-time-high) (ATH) پر پہنچ کر $44.97 ہو چکی تھی، جس کے بعد مین نیٹ پر V3 کو لانچ کیا گیا۔ اپنے لانچ کے بعد سے، اس کے [UNI سے AUD](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/uniswap/uni/aud/) اور [UNI سے EUR](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/uniswap/uni/eur/) قیمت کے جوڑوں میں دلچسپی میں واضح اضافہ دیکھنے میں آیا ہے۔

#### متعلقہ صفحات:

[یہاں](https://balancer.finance/) سے بیلنسر کے بارے میں مزید جانیں۔

[یہاں](https://www.curve.fi/) سے کرو کے بارے میں مزید جانیں۔

DeFi اور کرپٹو کرنسی پر نئے آئے ہیں؟ [یہاں](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/) سے ہمارے معلوماتی ذرائع ملاحظہ کریں۔

[Uniswap بمقابلہ Pancakeswap](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/uniswap-vs-pancakeswap)

براہ راست Uniswap (UNI) کی قیمتوں پر نظر رکھنا چاہتے ہیں؟ [CoinMarketCap کی موبائل ایپ](https://coinmarketcap.com/mobile/) ڈاؤن لوڈ کریں!

کیا آپ آج ہی Uniswap (UNI) کی قیمت کو اپنی مطلوبہ فیاٹ کرنسی پر تبدیل کرنا چاہتے ہیں؟ [CoinMarketCap کا زر مبادلہ کی شرح کا کیلکولیٹر](https://coinmarketcap.com/converter/) ملاحظہ کریں۔

### فی الوقت کتنے Uniswap (UNI) کوائنز گردش میں ہیں؟

Uniswap کے گورننس ٹوکن، UNI کی کل سپلائی 1 بلین یونٹس ہے۔ یہ چار سالوں کے عرصے میں دستیاب ہوں گے، جس کے بعد نیٹ ورک میں شمولیت کو برقرار رکھنے کے لیے Uniswap، 2% پر مشتمل "افراط زر کی دائمی شرح" متعارف کروائے گا۔

فی الوقت ٹوکن کی تقسیم مندرجہ ذیل پر مشتمل ہے: Uniswap کے کمیونٹی ممبران، جیسے کے صارفین کے لیے 60%، ٹیم ممبران کے لیے 21.51%، سرمایہ کاران کے لیے 17.8% اور مشیران کے لیے 0.69%۔ آخری تین تقسیمات، اثاثہ جات پر اختیار کے چار سالہ معمول کے مطابق کی جائیں گی۔

صارفین کے لیے مختص کردہ اکثریت میں سے، 15% کا دعویٰ وہ افراد کر سکتے ہیں جنہوں نے 1 ستمبر، 2020 سے قبل Uniswap کا استعمال کیا ہو۔ حتیٰ کہ ان میں ایسے صارفین بھی شامل ہیں جنہوں نے ایسی ٹرانزیکشنز جمع کروائیں جو کسی بھی طور کامیاب نہ ہو سکیں — لہٰذا وہ بھی 400 UNI کے اہل ہیں۔

ایک UNI ٹوکن، غیر مرکزیت پر مبنی پروٹوکول کی ترقی و ڈویلپمنٹ کے لیے غیر مرکزیت پر مبنی پروٹوکول کی کمیونٹی کی مشترکہ ملکیت کو فعال کرنے میں اپنا کردار ادا کرتا ہے۔ یہ UNI ہولڈرز کو اس قابل بناتا ہے کہ وہ ایک غیر جانبدار اور سود سے پاک انداز میں Uniswap پروٹوکول کی گورننس اور وسیع تر ایکو سسٹم میں حصہ لے سکیں۔ Uniswap پراڈکٹس کی کامیابی اور انہیں اختیار کیے جانے کی صورت میں Uniswap کی قیمت مثبت طور پر متاثر ہو گی، جس کے نتیجے میں اس سلسلے میں ٹوکن ہولڈرز کی حوصلہ افزائی کی جائے گی کہ وہ اس ایکو سسٹم کی خود کفیل ترقی میں اپنا حصہ ڈالیں۔

UNI ٹوکن کی لانچ کے چار سال بعد، ستمبر 2024 میں، سالانہ 2% پر مشتمل افراط زر کی دائمی شرح لاگو کی جائے گی۔ ایسا اس امر کو یقینی بنانے کے لیے کیا جاتا ہے کہ غیر فعال ہولڈرز کی حوصلہ شکنی کرتے ہوئے Uniswap کے ایکو سسٹم میں شرکت جاری رکھی جا سکے۔

### Uniswap نیٹ ورک کس طرح محفوظ ہے؟

Uniswap ٹریڈنگ کے لیے ایک غیر مرکزیت پر مبنی پروٹوکول ہے، اور UNI اس کا اندرونی گورننس ٹوکن ہے۔ UNI ایک [ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20) ٹوکن ہے، یعنی اسے کام کرنے کے لیے Ethereum کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔

ERC-20، محض ان ٹوکنز کے لیے اصولوں کے سیٹ، اور Ethereum نیٹ ورک کی سکیورٹی سے متعلقہ تحفطات کا تعین کرتا ہے۔ مثلاً، ہجوم کی صورت میں ٹرانزیکشنز پر عمل درآمد کے لیے درکار [گیس](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/gas-price) کی قیمت میں اضافہ ہو سکتا ہے، جس کے نتیجے میں ٹرانزیکشن میں تاخیر اور اس کی فیس میں غیر معمولی طور پر اضافہ ہو سکتا ہے، جس سے تمام شرکاء متاثر ہوتے ہیں۔

علیحدہ سے، [اسمارٹ معاہدات](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) حفاظتی مسائل کا سبب بن سکتے ہیں جس کے نتیجے میں DeFi ٹریڈرز اپنے فنڈز سے محروم ہو سکتے ہیں؛ بلکہ درحقیقت، ستمبر 2021 تک، DeFi کے وجود کی اس مختصر سی مدت میں ہیکرز پہلے سے ہی اربوں ڈالرز چرانے میں کامیاب ہو چکے ہیں۔

### آپ Uniswap (UNI) کو کہاں سے خرید سکتے ہیں؟

Uniswap کا گورننس ٹوکن، UNI، دیگر کرپٹو کرنسیز، اسٹیبل کوائنز، فیاٹ کرنسیز اور مزید کئی کے عوض ٹریڈ کرنے کے لیے تمام بڑے ایکسچینجز پر دستیاب ہے۔

ان میں فطری طور پر Uniswap کے اپنے پروٹوکول، یعنی Uniswap (V2) اور Uniswap (V3) سمیت — Binance، Huobi اور Coinbase Pro شامل ہیں۔

اگر آپ چاہیں، تو [یہاں](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/) سے اس بارے میں مزید پڑھ سکتے ہیں کہ کرپٹو کرنسی کی مارکیٹ میں کیسے داخل ہوا جائے، قطع نظر اس کے، کہ آپ کس ٹوکن کو خریدنے کا ارادہ رکھتے ہیں۔

Uniswap Integrates Robinhood Connect to Facilitate Cryptocurrency Purchases

Week in DeFi: DeFi 1.0 Resurgence?

Week in DeFi: Uniswap Implements Trading Fees, UNI Holders Rejoice?

Week in DeFi: UniswapX Unveiled, Chainlink CCIP and Mantle Mainnet

What Is Uniswap?

Binance

Uniswap

Ledger

Coinbase

Safepal

HyperPay

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Binance Chain Wallet

SolFlare

Backpack

Phantom

Atomic wallet

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Pepe

Ondo

Quant

The Sandbox

Aave

Ethena

The Graph

Ethereum Name Service

Axie Infinity

Immutable

Gala

sudoswap

WadzPay Token

Young Peezy

Gekko HQ

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

Polkadot is an open-source sharded multichain protocol that connects and secures a network of specialized blockchains, facilitating cross-chain transfer of any data or asset types, not just tokens, thereby allowing blockchains to be interoperable with each other. Polkadot was designed to provide a foundation for a decentralized internet of blockchains, also known as Web3.

Polkadot is known as a layer-0 metaprotocol because it underlies and describes a format for a network of layer 1 blockchains known as parachains (parallel chains). As a metaprotocol, Polkadot is also capable of autonomously and forklessly updating its own codebase via on-chain governance according to the will of its token holder community.

Polkadot provides a foundation to support a decentralized web, controlled by its users, and to simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.

The Polkadot protocol can connect public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot Relay Chain (explained further down).

Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: staking for operations and security, facilitating network governance, and bonding tokens to  connect parachains .

Polkadot has four core components:

Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;

Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;

Parathreads: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;

Bridges: allow parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.

Polkadot

Polygon (previously Matic Network) is the first well-structured, easy-to-use platform for Ethereum scaling and infrastructure development. Its core component is Polygon SDK, a modular, flexible framework that supports building multiple types of applications.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Polygon Matic.

Using Polygon, one can create optimistic rollup chains, ZK rollup chains, stand alone chains or any other kind of infra required by the developer.

Polygon effectively transforms Ethereum into a full-fledged multi-chain system (aka Internet of Blockchains). This multi-chain system is akin to other ones such as Polkadot, Cosmos, Avalanche etc. with the advantages of Ethereum’s security, vibrant ecosystem and openness.

The $MATIC token will continue to exist and will play an increasingly important role, securing the system and enabling governance.

Polygon (formerly Matic Network) is a Layer 2 scaling solution backed by Binance and Coinbase. The project seeks to stimulate mass adoption of cryptocurrencies by resolving the problems of scalability on many blockchains.

Polygon combines the Plasma Framework and the proof-of-stake blockchain architecture. The Plasma framework used by Polygon as proposed by the co-founder of Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, allows for the easy execution of scalable and autonomous smart contracts.

Nothing will change for the existing ecosystem built on the Plasma-POS chain. With Polygon, new features are being built around the existing proven technology to expand the ability to cater to diverse needs from the developer ecosystem. Polygon will continue to develop the core technology so that it can scale to a larger ecosystem.

Polygon boasts of up to 65,000 transactions per second on a single side chain, along with a respectable block confirmation time of less than two seconds. The framework also allows for the creation of globally available decentralized financial applications on a single foundational blockchain.

The Plasma framework gives Polygon the potential of housing an unlimited number of decentralized applications on their infrastructure without experiencing the normal drawbacks common on proof-of-work blockchains. So far, Polygon has attracted more than 50 DApps to its PoS-secured Ethereum sidechain.

MATIC, the native tokens of Polygon, is an ERC-20 token running on the Ethereum blockchain. The tokens are used for payment services on Polygon and as a settlement currency between users who operate within the Polygon ecosystem. The transaction fees on Polygon sidechains are also paid in MATIC tokens.

Polygon

Avalanche is a layer one blockchain that functions as a platform for decentralized applications and custom blockchain networks. It is one of Ethereum’s rivals, aiming to unseat Ethereum as the most popular blockchain for smart contracts. It aims to do so by having a higher transaction output of up to 6,500 transactions per second while not compromising scalability.

This is made possible by Avalanche’s unique architecture. The Avalanche network consists of three individual blockchains: the X-Chain, C-Chain and P-Chain. Each chain has a distinct purpose, which is radically different from the approach Bitcoin and Ethereum use, namely having all nodes validate all transactions. Avalanche blockchains even use different consensus mechanisms based on their use cases.

After its mainnet launch in 2020, Avalanche has worked on developing its own ecosystem of DApps and DeFi. Different Ethereum-based projects such as SushiSwap and TrueUSD have integrated with Avalanche. Furthermore, the platform is constantly working on improving interoperability between its own ecosystem and Ethereum, like through the development of bridges.

Avalanche

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Cardano is a proof-of-stake blockchain platform that says its goal is to allow “changemakers, innovators and visionaries” to bring about positive global change.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Cardano.

The open-source project also aims to “redistribute power from unaccountable structures to the margins to individuals” — helping to create a society that is more secure, transparent and fair.

Cardano was founded back in 2017, and named after the 16th century Italian polymath Gerolamo Cardano. The native ADA token takes its name from the 19th century mathematician Ada Lovelace, widely regarded as the world’s first computer programmer. The ADA token is designed to ensure that owners can participate in the operation of the network. Because of this, those who hold the cryptocurrency have the right to vote on any proposed changes to the software.

The team behind the layered blockchain say that there have already been some compelling use cases for its technology, which aims to allow decentralized apps and smart contracts to be developed with modularity.

In August 2021, Charles Hoskinson announced the launch of the Alonzo hard fork, causing Cardano price to surge, gaining 116% in the following month. On Sept. 12, 2021, the Cardano ‘Alonzo’ hard fork officially launched, bringing smart contract functionality to the blockchain. Over 100 smart contracts were deployed in the following 24 hours after the launch.

Cardano is used by agricultural companies to track fresh produce from field to fork, while other products built on the platform allow educational credentials to be stored in a tamper-proof way, and retailers to clamp down on counterfeit goods.

Cardano

Solana is a highly functional open source project that banks on blockchain technology’s permissionless nature to provide decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions. While the idea and initial work on the project began in 2017, Solana was officially launched in March 2020 by the Solana Foundation with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Solana.

The Solana protocol is designed to facilitate decentralized app (DApp) creation. It aims to improve scalability by introducing a proof-of-history (PoH) consensus combined with the underlying proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus of the blockchain.

Because of the innovative hybrid consensus model, Solana enjoys interest from small-time traders and institutional traders alike. A significant focus for the Solana Foundation is to make decentralized finance accessible on a larger scale.

Solana

Litecoin (LTC) is a cryptocurrency that was designed to provide fast, secure and low-cost payments by leveraging the unique properties of blockchain technology.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Litecoin.

The cryptocurrency was created based on the Bitcoin (BTC) protocol, but it differs in terms of the hashing algorithm used, hard cap, block transaction times and a few other factors. Litecoin has a block time of just 2.5 minutes and extremely low transaction fees, making it suitable for micro-transactions and point-of-sale payments.

Litecoin was released via an open-source client on GitHub on Oct. 7, 2011, and the Litecoin Network went live five days later on Oct. 13, 2011. Since then, it has exploded in both usage and acceptance among merchants and has counted among the top ten cryptocurrencies by market capitalization for most of its existence.

The cryptocurrency was created by Charlie Lee, a former Google employee, who intended Litecoin to be a "lite version of Bitcoin," in that it features many of the same properties as Bitcoin—albeit lighter in weight.

Litecoin

Pancakeswap was originally built on the BNB Chain and allows users to trade tokens without using a centralized exchange. It provides an array of products, such as:

An exchange to swap tokens

A yield farm to earn rewards

Syrup pools to stake CAKE tokens

Ethereum liquid staking (wBETH) and simple staking

Pancake Protectors game

v3 position manager (new feature)

A prediction market

Initial Farm Offering (IFO) token launches

A bridge to bridge CAKE to Ethereum and Aptos

A lottery

An NFT marketplace

Pancakeswap innovates quickly and ships new products regularly. In April 2023, PancakeSwap voted to transition to a deflationary token model called "Ultrasound CAKE." The protocol passed a proposal called CAKE Tokenomics v2.5 to create a structure combining real yield (no supply impact) and reduced token emissions. Over 102% of minted CAKE is burned weekly. This is intended to provide a multi-year runway for emissions and incentivize locking up CAKE, making the token more valuable long-term.

PancakeSwap has an anonymous team of “Chefs,” working in the PancakeSwap “Kitchen.” The platform is open-source and has been audited by multiple reputable blockchain security firms like Peckshield and Slowmist.

Although the bear market has impacted TVL and trading volume for the protocol, PancakeSwap still boasts an annualized revenue of $27 million, with 42% of CAKE is staked:

PancakeSwap

NEAR Protocol is a layer-one blockchain that was designed as a community-run cloud computing platform and that eliminates some of the limitations that have been bogging competing blockchains, such as low transaction speeds, low throughput and poor interoperability. This provides the ideal environment for DApps and creates a developer and user-friendly platform. For instance, NEAR uses human-readable account names, unlike the cryptographic wallet addresses common to Ethereum. NEAR also introduces unique solutions to scaling problems and has its own consensus mechanism called “Doomslug.”

NEAR Protocol is being built by the NEAR Collective, its community that is updating the initial code and releasing updates to the ecosystem. Its declared goal is to build a platform that is “secure enough to manage high value assets like money or identity and performant enough to make them useful for everyday people.”

Flux, a protocol that allows developers to create markets based on assets, commodities, real-world events, and Mintbase, an NFT minting platform are examples of projects being built on NEAR Protocol.

NEAR Protocol

Ethereum is a decentralized open-source blockchain system that features its own cryptocurrency, Ether. ETH works as a platform for numerous other cryptocurrencies, as well as for the execution of decentralized smart contracts.

Ethereum was first described in a 2013 whitepaper by Vitalik Buterin. Buterin, along with other co-founders, secured funding for the project in an online public crowd sale in the summer of 2014. The project team managed to raise $18.3 million in Bitcoin, and Ethereum’s price in the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) was $0.311, with over 60 million Ether sold. Taking Ethereum’s price now, this puts the return on investment (ROI) at an annualized rate of over 270%, essentially almost quadrupling your investment every year since the summer of 2014.

The Ethereum Foundation officially launched the blockchain on July 30, 2015, under the prototype codenamed “Frontier.” Since then, there has been several network updates — “Constantinople” on Feb. 28, 2019, “Istanbul” on Dec. 8, 2019, “Muir Glacier” on Jan. 2, 2020, “Berlin” on April 14, 2021, and most recently on Aug. 5, 2021, the “London” hard fork.

Ethereum’s own purported goal is to become a global platform for decentralized applications, allowing users from all over the world to write and run software that is resistant to censorship, downtime and fraud.

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.

Filecoin

Launched in July 2017, Binance is the biggest cryptocurrency exchange globally based on daily trading volume. Binance aims to bring cryptocurrency exchanges to the forefront of financial activity globally. The idea behind Binance’s name is to show this new paradigm in global finance — Binary Finance, or Binance.

Aside from being the largest cryptocurrency exchange globally, Binance has launched a whole ecosystem of functionalities for its users. The Binance network includes the Binance Chain, Binance Smart Chain, Binance Academy, Trust Wallet and Research projects, which all employ the powers of blockchain technology to bring new-age finance to the world. BNB is an integral part of the successful functioning of many of the Binance sub-projects.

Decentraland (MANA) defines itself as a virtual reality platform powered by the Ethereum blockchain that allows users to create, experience, and monetize content and applications.

In this virtual world, users purchase plots of land that they can later navigate, build upon and monetize.

Decentraland was launched following a $24 million initial coin offering (ICO) that was conducted in 2017. The virtual world launched its closed beta in 2019 and opened to the public in February 2020. Since then, users have created a wide range of experiences on their parcels of LAND, including interactive games, sprawling 3D scenes and a variety of other interactive experiences.

Decentraland uses two tokens: MANA and LAND. MANA is an ERC-20 token that must be burned to acquire non-fungible ERC-721 LAND tokens. MANA tokens can also be used to pay for a range of avatars, wearables, names, and more on the Decentraland marketplace.

Decentraland (MANA) is a decentralized virtual world platform with software based on the Ethereum blockchain, where users create, test and monetize content. In short: users buy virtual plots of land as NFTs with MANA tokens on the Decentraland platform. Progress in the game depends only on players themselves, their efforts and their imagination.

The digital platform is completely owned by its users. Within the Decentraland metaverse, participants can explore the virtual world, purchase plots of land that can be monetized, create works of art, own non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and take part in a decentralized autonomous organization of the platform Decentraland DAO. Due to the DAO, the community influences the development vector of the project.

In addition, users have access to interactive applications, in-world payments and peer-to-peer communication. The 3D world resonates with many participants as Decentraland has many applications, both entertainment for gamers and business for investors.

Two types of tokens called MANA and LAND govern operations in Decentraland. They also allow users to interact with the platform.

MANA is the official currency of Decentraland. It’s an ERC-20 standard token that powers the Decentraland platform. With MANA, users can purchase plots of LAND, as well as pay for in-game items and services.

MANA gives its holders the right to vote in Decentraland DAO. MANA can be purchased on a cryptocurrency exchange or by selling collectibles on Decentraland Marketplace. The owner of tokens converts them to wrapped MANA, or wMANA, and then commits them to the DAO. One wMANA equals one vote. MANA can be exchanged for fiat currency and other digital assets.

As for LAND, it’s a non-fungible token (NFT) based on Ethereum (ETH). It is used to track ownership of land parcels aka digital real estate. Like MANA, LAND is part of the protocol and confers voting rights, but LAND does not need to be fixed in the DAO. One LAND is equal to two thousand votes.

Players choose what to do with their land. Owners store tokens in crypto wallets and buy necessities with MANA tokens on the Decentraland Marketplace. Moreover, on the marketplace, participants can manage or exchange LAND tokens (priced in MANA). Holders use the marketplace to transact or transfer in-game items. All transactions are conducted, regulated and registered via the Ethereum blockchain.

Decentraland combines an online gaming space and blockchain technology. All control over the rules is given to the players, and token holders vote on in-game and organizational policies. The original goal was to form a decentralized virtual reality, but in practice, Decentraland has turned into a massive NFT market.

A special role in Decentraland is assigned to NFTs, such as collectibles, virtual equipment and real estate (LAND). However, for new players who want to join the universe and seize NFTs, the entry barrier will be high.

The Decentraland protocol is built on three levels using Ethereum smart contracts. On the consensus layer, the ownership of LAND is tracked and managed. The land content layer displays the content of the Decentraland virtual world. Finally, on the real-time layer, participants interact with each other.

The platform was co-founded by two blockchain experts, Ari Meilich and Esteban Ordano, in 2015. Officially it was launched a year later and became available only in February 2020, gradually turning from a 2D experiment into a full-fledged 3D world.

To sum up, Decentraland is a decentralized game and a 3D virtual reality platform where players own lands and create limitlessly. Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) software is at the core, and governance is in the hands of the community. Through the native token MANA, players participate in any proposals for managing and improving the ecosystem, the auction system, and the in-game policy.

Decentraland

Launched in 2021, the XRP Ledger (XRPL) is an open-source, permissionless and decentralized technology. Benefits of the XRP Ledger include its low-cost ($0.0002 to transact), speed  (settling transactions in 3-5 seconds), scalability (1,500 transactions per second) and inherently green attributes (carbon-neutral and energy-efficient). The XRP Ledger also features the first decentralized exchange (DEX) and custom tokenization capabilities built into the protocol. Since 2012, the XRP Ledger has been operating reliably, having closed 70 million ledgers.

Dogecoin (DOGE) is based on the popular "doge" Internet meme and features a Shiba Inu on its logo. The open-source digital currency was created by Billy Markus from Portland, Oregon and Jackson Palmer from Sydney, Australia, and was forked from Litecoin in December 2013. Dogecoin's creators envisaged it as a fun, light-hearted cryptocurrency that would have greater appeal beyond the core Bitcoin audience, since it was based on a dog meme. Tesla CEO Elon Musk posted several tweets on social media that Dogecoin is his favorite coin.

Dogecoin

The Internet Computer blockchain incorporates a radical rethink of blockchain design, powered by innovations in cryptography. It provides the first “World Computer” blockchain that can be used to build almost any online system or service, including demanding web social media, without need for traditional IT such as cloud computing services. As such it can enable full end-to-end decentralization.

Internet Computer

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

Fantom is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) smart contract platform providing decentralized finance (DeFi) services to developers using its own bespoke consensus algorithm.

Together with its in-house token FTM, Fantom aims to solve problems associated with smart-contract platforms, specifically transaction speed, which developers say they have reduced to under two seconds.

The Fantom Foundation, which oversees the Fantom product offering, was originally created in 2018, with the launch of OPERA, Fantom’s mainnet, coming in December 2019.

Fantom is an open-source decentralized smart contract platform for DApps and digital assets that was created as an alternative to Ethereum. Fantom has the goal of overcoming the limitations of previous generation blockchains and balancing three components: scalability, security and decentralization. The project offers a set of tools to simplify the process of integrating existing DApps, as well as a detailed staking reward system and built-in DeFi instruments.

Fantom is a Layer-1 blockchain that uses a scratch-built consensus mechanism and independent consensus layer, Lachesis, to facilitate DeFi and related services on the basis of smart contracts. Lachesis provides security for other layers as well, including Opera, Fantom's EVM-compatible smart contract chain. The long-playing mission of the project is to “grant compatibility between all transaction bodies around the world.”

One of Fantom's key strengths is its performance and efficient transaction processing, namely thousands of transactions per second, where transactions are settled in 1-2 seconds, and the cost is fractions of a cent per transaction. As a result, Fantom provides higher scalability but at a lower cost.

The ecosystem is based on two main technologies: Lachesis protocol and Opera.

The Lachesis protocol is the core consensus layer that secures the Fantom network by providing both transaction speed and security.

Lachesis is an aBFT consensus engine that uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG) algorithm. How it works: network data can be processed at different times, and the network filters the participants, allowing only one third, which are allocated due to erroneous or malicious behavior, without compromising network processes.

Fantom's Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (aBFT) Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism maintains the efficiency of the entire network, its design provides security at maximum speed. Fantom developers emphasize that the PoS mechanism is a leaderless phenomenon — there are no leaders of blocks and participants, and anyone can join (or leave) the network of nodes at a convenient moment.

The key qualities of Lachesis are: asynchronous, leaderless, Byzantine fault-tolerant, and near-instant finality.

As for Opera, it's an application development layer or Fantom's mainnet deployment platform, permissionless and open-source hosting DApps. Thanks to EVM integration and support for the Solidity programming language, Fantom has a full set of smart contract capabilities, which allows users to seamlessly interact with Ethereum platforms while maintaining the advantage of Fantom's transaction efficiency.

The Fantom Foundation concluded that removing block leaders improves network security, so Opera uses a PoS model and leaderless validators (validators do not determine which blocks are valid).

In addition to being a fast, secure and cheap payment platform that enables to make fast and secure payments at minimal cost, Fantom also features on-chain governance where users vote with FTM tokens (one token equals one vote). Of the features: users have the right to express the degree of agreement / disagreement on a scale from 0 to 4.

FTM is the native utility in-house PoS token of Fantom that powers the ecosystem and is applied for payments, network fees, staking, and governance. FTM forms the backbone of transactions, and allows fee collection and staking activities, along with the user rewards the latter represents.