THORChain's Q1 2024 Ecosystem Report highlights:

All major THORChain updates and reports are posted on Medium. Subscribe and turn on email notifications for all-signal-no-noise updates relating to THORChain core

Open Source Native Asset Infrastructure ⚡️Non-custodial Bitcoin to ETH swaps & more ⚡️Earn yield on your coins ⚡️Powering crypto's largest wallets & exchanges

THORChain's Q1 2024 Ecosystem Report highlights: ⚡️+53% volume growth ⚡️+48% liquidity growth ⚡️+57% in savers growth ⚡️$8m collected in liquidity fees ⚡️$4.9m collected by interfaces ⚡️+$160m in lending collateral ⚡️ New features & integrations  Read the full report on Medium: https://medium.com/thorchain/thorchain-q1-24-ecosystem-report-67a640fd08c1   All major THORChain updates and reports are posted on Medium. Subscribe and turn on email notifications for all-signal-no-noise updates relating to THORChain core

How THORChain Trading Impacts the Price of $RUNE: Flipside Crypto

Bridges of Ethereum County: Flipside Crypto

## THORChain (RUNE) (تھور-چین) کیا ہے؟

تھور-چین ایک غیر مرکزی لکویڈیٹی پروٹوکول ہے، جو نیٹ-ورکس کے ایک سلسلے پر صارفین کو اپنے زیرِعمل اثاثوں کی تحویل سے محروم ہوئے بغیر باآسانی کریپٹو کرنسی اثاثوں کا تبادلہ کرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔

تھور-چین کے ساتھ، صارفین بلا-اجازت سیٹنگ میں رہتے ہوئے، ماخذ لیکویڈیٹی کی غرض سے آرڈر-بُکس پر انحصار کیے بغیر، بڑی آسانی سے ایک اثاثے کا دُوسرے اثاثے سے تبادلہ کر سکتے ہیں۔ اس کی جگہ، بازار کی قیمتوں کو پول میں موجود اثاثوں کی مُناسبت سے برقرار رکھا جاتا ہے (دیکھیے [خُودکار مارکیٹ میکر](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/automated-market-maker-amm#:~:text=An%20automated%20market%20maker%20(AMM,operates%20in%20through%20automated%20trading.)))۔

تھور-چین پلیٹ فارم کا مقامی یوٹیلیٹی ٹوکن RUNE ہے۔ اسے تھور-چین ایکوسسٹم میں بحیثیت بُنیادی کرنسی، نیز تھور-چین کے Sybil مزاحمتی میکانزم کے ایک حصے کے طور پرپلیٹ فارم کی حاکمیت اور تحفُّظ کے لیے استعمال کیا جاتا ہے — چونکہ تھور-چین نوڈز کو اپنے ایک دائرے میں گُھومنے والے [اجماعی](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus) عمل میں حصہ لینے کے لیے کم از کم 1 ملین RUNE کو تحویل میں دینا ہوگا۔

تھور-چین کو ابتدائی DEX پیشکش (IDO) کے ذریعے مالی اعانت فراہم کی گئی تھی، جس کا آغاز بذریعہ 1DEX1 Binance جولائی سن 2019 میں ہوا۔ اس کا مین-نیٹ در اصل جنوری سن 2021 میں لانچ کیا گیا تھا، لیکن فی الحال ایک ملٹی-چین اپ-گریڈ سن 2021 کے لیے شیڈول ہو چُکا ہے۔

### تھور-چین کے بانی کون ہیں؟

تھور-چین کے ایک دفتری نمائندے کے مطابق، پلیٹ فارم کا کوئی CEO، کوئی بانی اور کوئی بھی ڈائریکٹر نہیں ہے۔ اس کی جگہ، پلیٹ فارم کی مزید ڈویلپمنٹ کا انتظام Gitlab کے ذریعے کیا جاتا ہے۔

اس کے علاوہ، فی الوقت اس منصوبے پر کام کرنے والے زیادہ تر گمنام ہیں۔ تھور-چین کے ایک دفتری نمائندے کا ایک بار پھر یہی کہنا ہے کہ یہ سب "پروجیکٹ کی حفاظت اور اس بات کو یقینی بنانے کے لیے ہے کہ اسے غیر مرکزی رکھا جا سکے۔"

پروجیکٹ کی طرف سے ایک 1tweet1 ایک گمنام ٹیم کے ساتھ پروجیکٹ کو برقرار رکھنے کے پیچھے نظریہ پر کچھ روشنی ڈالتا ہے، جیسا کہ ذیل میں حوالہ دیا گیا ہے:

"-> ڈویلپر شپنگ کوڈ کے ذریعے نوڈس کے لیے کام کرتے ہیں جو سسٹم کو زیادہ قیمتی بناتا ہے۔

-> نوڈس اثاثوں کو محفوظ کرکے اور آن لائن رہ کر اسٹیکرز کے لیے کام کرتے ہیں۔

-> اسٹیکرز سرمایہ لاتے ہیں، جو سویپرز کے لیے مارکیٹ میں رکھا جاتا ہے۔

-> اسٹیکرز سرمایہ لاتے ہیں، جو سویپرز کے لیے مارکیٹ میں رکھا جاتا ہے۔

### THORchain کو کیا منفرد بناتا ہے؟

THORchain 1"غیر مستقل نقصانات" 1 — یا اکثر عارضی نقصانات کو کم کرنے میں مدد کے لیے ایک منفرد نظام کا استعمال کرتا ہے جو لیکویڈیٹی فراہم کنندہ لیکویڈیٹی پولز میں تعاون کرتے وقت تجربہ کر سکتا ہے۔ یہ ایک پرچی پر مبنی فیس کا استعمال کرکے اس کو حاصل کرتا ہے تاکہ اس بات کو یقینی بنانے میں مدد ملے کہ لیکویڈیٹی جہاں اس کی ضرورت ہے وہیں رہے۔

اس کے اوپری حصے میں، THORchain نئی ٹیکنالوجیز کی ایک رینج کو یکجا کرتا ہے، بشمول آن وے سٹیٹ پیگز، ایک سٹیٹ مشین، Bifröst Signer Module اور TSS پروٹوکول کو بغیر کسی رکاوٹ کے کراس چین ٹوکن سویپ کی سہولت فراہم کرنے کے لیے۔ اس کو پردے کے پیچھے رکھا جاتا ہے، پلیٹ فارم کو ناتجربہ کار تاجروں کے لیے بھی قابل رسائی بناتا ہے۔

یہ پلیٹ فارم مائل با مُنافع نہیں۔ پروٹوکول کی طرف سے اکھٹی کی جانے والی تمام فیسیں براہ راست صارفین کو دی جاتی ہیں، جبکہ ٹیم کے لیے کوئی بندوبست موجود نہیں۔ اس کی جگہ، ٹیم کی حوصلہ افزائی کے لیے صرف RUNE کو ہولڈ کر لیا جاتا ہے — بالکل دوسروں کی طرح۔

RUNE ٹوکن فی الحال متعدد بلاک چینز پر دستیاب ہے، بشمول Binance Chain (بحیثیت BEP-2 ٹوکن) اور Ethereum ([ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20) ٹوکن کے طور پر)۔

#### متعلقہ صفحات:

[یونی-سویپ (UNI)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/uniswap/) مُلاحظہ کیجیے - مقبول یونی-سویپ AMM کے لیے حاکمیتی ٹوکن۔

[1inch (1INCH)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/1inch/) مُلاحظہ کیجیے — 1inch DEX جمع کُنندہ کے لیے مقامی ٹوکن۔

[غیر مرکزی نیٹ-ورکس کس طرح غیر مرکزی ہیں؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/how-decentralized-are-decentralized-networks) CoinMarketCap الگزینڈریا پر معلوم کیجیے۔

کیا [CoinMarketCap بلاگ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog) آپکی نظر سے گُذرا ہے؟

### فی الوقت کُل کتنے تھور-چین (RUNE) کوائنز گردش میں ہیں؟

فروری سن 2021 تک کے ڈیٹا کے مُطابق، 500 ملین کی کُل سپلائی میں سے 158.4 ملین RUNE گردش میں تھے۔

ہم پہلے ہی مُختصراً جانتے ہیں کہ تھور-چین ابتدائی طور پر Binance DEX پر [IEO](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-exchange-offering) کے بعد لانچ کیا گیا۔ IEO کے حصے کی حیثیت سے، 20 ملین RUNE فروخت کر دیے گئے تھے۔ اس سے قبل، پہلے فنڈنگ راؤنڈز میں کل 130 ملین RUNE فروخت کیے گئے تھے۔

[Binance DEX تجویز](https://community.binance.org/topic/357/proposal-to-list-thorchain-rune-on-binance-dex) کے مطابق، کل سپلائی کا 10% (50 ملین ٹوکنز) ٹیم کے لیے مختص کیے گئے، اور مین-نیٹ کے آغاز تک مُقفل کر دیے گئے — جنہیں اس کے بعد 20% فی مہینہ کی شرح سے غیرمُقفل کیا جانا تھا۔

فی الحال، تھور-چین کے اخراج کََرو (curve) کا آغاز 30% APR سے ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے لیے دس سالہ مُدّت کے بعد تقریباً 2٪ APR کا ہدف مقرر کیا گیا ہے۔

### تھور-چین نیٹ-ورک کو کیسے محفوظ بنایا جاتا ہے؟

تھور-چین Cosmos SDK کا استعمال کر کے بنایا گیا ہے، جبکہ Tendermint کا اجماعی میکنزم اسے چلاتا ہے۔ یہ ایک انوکھے [BFT](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/byzantine-fault-tolerance-bft) پروف-آف-اسٹیک ([PoS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake)) سسٹم کے ذریعے نیٹ-ورک کو [حملوں](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/51-attack) سے محفوظ رکھتا ہے، اور ایک بڑی تعداد پر مشتمل تصدیق کاروں کو لین-دین کے بلاکس کے لیے تجاویز پیش کرنے، اور حتمی شکل دینے کی غرض سے مل کر کام کرتے ہوئے دیکھ رہا ہوتا ہے۔

اس کے علاوہ، تھور-چین کے [سمارٹ کونٹریکٹس](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) کا آڈٹ کئی تیسرے-فریق پر مشتمل سیکیورٹی فرموں سے کروایا گیا، جن میں Certik بھی شامل ہے — کوئی کمزوری نہیں پائی گئی۔

### آپ تھور-چین (RUNE) کہاں سے خرید سکتے ہیں؟

RUNE ایک مقبول کریپٹو کرنسی ہے جو مرکزی اور غیر مرکزی دونوں طرح کے پلیٹ فارمز کی ایک بڑی تعداد پر خریداری اور تجارت کے لیے دستیاب ہے۔ [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/binance/) (مرکزی) اور [SushiSwap](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/2020/09/16/bullish-activity-for-bitcoin-under-the-hood-of-the-sushiswap-saga-a-data-perspective-by-intotheblock/) (غیر مرکزی) ان میں سب سے زیادہ نُمایاں ہیں۔

فروری سن 2021 تک میّسر ڈیٹا کے مُطابق، RUNE کے تجارتی پیئرز کریپٹو/کریپٹو پیئرز کی حیثیت رکھتے ہیں۔ تاہم، RUNE کو ProBit Exchange پر کوریائی وان (KRW)، اور FTX پر امریکی ڈالر (USD) کے مُقابل خریدا جا سکتا ہے۔ فیاٹ کے مُقابل کریپٹو کرنسیز کی خرید کے بارے میں مزید جاننے کے لیے ہماری [مقبول گائیڈ](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) دیکھیے۔

ذیل میں ایسے چند مزید آرٹیکلز پیش ہیں جو شاید آپ کو دلچسپ معلوم ہوں:

* [کرپٹو Faucet کیا ہوتا ہے؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [کرپٹو کے ڈیبٹ کارڈز کیا ہوتے ہیں؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [ویب 3.0 کیا ہے؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [منافع جاتی فارمنگ کیا ہوتی ہے؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [کرپٹو ادھار میں دینے کا عمل کیا ہوتا ہے؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

THORChain

Ledger

Binance Chain Wallet

Atomic wallet

Thorchain

Fantom is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) smart contract platform providing decentralized finance (DeFi) services to developers using its own bespoke consensus algorithm.

Together with its in-house token FTM, Fantom aims to solve problems associated with smart-contract platforms, specifically transaction speed, which developers say they have reduced to under two seconds.

The Fantom Foundation, which oversees the Fantom product offering, was originally created in 2018, with the launch of OPERA, Fantom’s mainnet, coming in December 2019.

Fantom is an open-source decentralized smart contract platform for DApps and digital assets that was created as an alternative to Ethereum. Fantom has the goal of overcoming the limitations of previous generation blockchains and balancing three components: scalability, security and decentralization. The project offers a set of tools to simplify the process of integrating existing DApps, as well as a detailed staking reward system and built-in DeFi instruments.

Fantom is a Layer-1 blockchain that uses a scratch-built consensus mechanism and independent consensus layer, Lachesis, to facilitate DeFi and related services on the basis of smart contracts. Lachesis provides security for other layers as well, including Opera, Fantom's EVM-compatible smart contract chain. The long-playing mission of the project is to “grant compatibility between all transaction bodies around the world.”

One of Fantom's key strengths is its performance and efficient transaction processing, namely thousands of transactions per second, where transactions are settled in 1-2 seconds, and the cost is fractions of a cent per transaction. As a result, Fantom provides higher scalability but at a lower cost.

The ecosystem is based on two main technologies: Lachesis protocol and Opera.

The Lachesis protocol is the core consensus layer that secures the Fantom network by providing both transaction speed and security.

Lachesis is an aBFT consensus engine that uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG) algorithm. How it works: network data can be processed at different times, and the network filters the participants, allowing only one third, which are allocated due to erroneous or malicious behavior, without compromising network processes.

Fantom's Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (aBFT) Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism maintains the efficiency of the entire network, its design provides security at maximum speed. Fantom developers emphasize that the PoS mechanism is a leaderless phenomenon — there are no leaders of blocks and participants, and anyone can join (or leave) the network of nodes at a convenient moment.

The key qualities of Lachesis are: asynchronous, leaderless, Byzantine fault-tolerant, and near-instant finality.

As for Opera, it's an application development layer or Fantom's mainnet deployment platform, permissionless and open-source hosting DApps. Thanks to EVM integration and support for the Solidity programming language, Fantom has a full set of smart contract capabilities, which allows users to seamlessly interact with Ethereum platforms while maintaining the advantage of Fantom's transaction efficiency.

The Fantom Foundation concluded that removing block leaders improves network security, so Opera uses a PoS model and leaderless validators (validators do not determine which blocks are valid).

In addition to being a fast, secure and cheap payment platform that enables to make fast and secure payments at minimal cost, Fantom also features on-chain governance where users vote with FTM tokens (one token equals one vote). Of the features: users have the right to express the degree of agreement / disagreement on a scale from 0 to 4.

FTM is the native utility in-house PoS token of Fantom that powers the ecosystem and is applied for payments, network fees, staking, and governance. FTM forms the backbone of transactions, and allows fee collection and staking activities, along with the user rewards the latter represents.

Fantom

Theta Network

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

Chainlink

Injective is a blockchain built for finance. It is an open, interoperable layer-one blockchain powering next-generation DeFi applications, including decentralized spot and derivatives exchanges, prediction markets, lending protocols and more.

Injective uniquely provides powerful core financial infrastructure primitives that applications can leverage, including a fully decentralized MEV-resistant on-chain orderbook. In addition, all forms of financial markets such as spot, perpetual, futures and options are fully on-chain. The decentralized cross-chain bridging infrastructure is compatible with Ethereum, IBC-enabled blockchains, and non EVM chains such as Solana.

Injective also provides a next-generation, highly interoperable smart contract platform based on CosmWasm, with advanced interchain capabilities. Injective is custom built with the Cosmos SDK and utilizes Tendermint-based Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism, providing instant transaction finality with the ability to sustain lightning-fast performance (10,000+ TPS).

The Injective ecosystem includes 100+ projects and over 150,000 community members globally. Injective is backed by a group of prominent investors such as Binance, Pantera Capital, Jump Crypto and Mark Cuban.

Injective’s core exchange module provides state-of-the-art capabilities including an advanced on-chain order book and matching engine for spot, perpetual, futures and options markets, resistance to Miner-Extractable Value (MEV) through frequent batch auction order matching, and zero gas fees for users.

Injective natively uses IBC and is highly-interoperable with multiple layer 1s, including, but not limited to, Polygon and Solana (through an upcoming Wormhole integration). It is also uniquely built to be interoperable with Ethereum, through its own decentralized ERC-20 token bridge, making Injective the first network within the Cosmos ecosystem to natively support Ethereum assets.

Smart contracts are implemented on Injective through CosmWasm, allowing for multi-chain smart contract transactions to occur seamlessly. Injective, however, is the only blockchain that enables automatic smart contract execution. This capability serves as a powerful building block for developers to create novel use cases that would not be possible on any other chain.

The use cases intended for INJ include but are not limited to: protocol governance, dApp value capture, Proof-of-Stake (PoS) security, developer incentives and staking. Further details regarding each of these use cases can be found below:

Protocol Governance: The INJ token governs every single component of Injective, including chain upgrades. Since its mainnet launch, the Injective community has actively contributed to governance, with all proposals passing through a DAO governance vote. The comprehensive governance page is available here.

Protocol Fee Value Capture: 60% of all fees generated from dApps enter an on-chain buy-back-and-burn auction to maintain the deflationary nature of INJ. The burn auction page is available here.

Tendermint-based Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Security: INJ is used to secure the Injective blockchain using a proof-of-stake mechanism. Validators and delegators can both participate in staking.

Developer Incentives: 40% of fees generated by users on dApps built on Injective go directly towards incentivizing new developers building on Injective which brings an ever growing funnel of builders to Injective.

Injective

Arweave is a decentralized storage network that seeks to offer a platform for the indefinite storage of data. Describing itself as "a collectively owned hard drive that never forgets," the network primarily hosts "the permaweb" — a permanent, decentralized web with a number of community-driven applications and platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Arweave.

The Arweave network uses a native cryptocurrency, AR, to pay "miners" to indefinitely store the network's information.

The project was first announced as Archain in August 2017, later rebranding to Arweave in February 2018 and officially launching in June 2018.

Arweave

Avalanche is a layer one blockchain that functions as a platform for decentralized applications and custom blockchain networks. It is one of Ethereum’s rivals, aiming to unseat Ethereum as the most popular blockchain for smart contracts. It aims to do so by having a higher transaction output of up to 6,500 transactions per second while not compromising scalability.

This is made possible by Avalanche’s unique architecture. The Avalanche network consists of three individual blockchains: the X-Chain, C-Chain and P-Chain. Each chain has a distinct purpose, which is radically different from the approach Bitcoin and Ethereum use, namely having all nodes validate all transactions. Avalanche blockchains even use different consensus mechanisms based on their use cases.

After its mainnet launch in 2020, Avalanche has worked on developing its own ecosystem of DApps and DeFi. Different Ethereum-based projects such as SushiSwap and TrueUSD have integrated with Avalanche. Furthermore, the platform is constantly working on improving interoperability between its own ecosystem and Ethereum, like through the development of bridges.

Avalanche

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

NEAR Protocol is a layer-one blockchain that was designed as a community-run cloud computing platform and that eliminates some of the limitations that have been bogging competing blockchains, such as low transaction speeds, low throughput and poor interoperability. This provides the ideal environment for DApps and creates a developer and user-friendly platform. For instance, NEAR uses human-readable account names, unlike the cryptographic wallet addresses common to Ethereum. NEAR also introduces unique solutions to scaling problems and has its own consensus mechanism called “Doomslug.”

NEAR Protocol is being built by the NEAR Collective, its community that is updating the initial code and releasing updates to the ecosystem. Its declared goal is to build a platform that is “secure enough to manage high value assets like money or identity and performant enough to make them useful for everyday people.”

Flux, a protocol that allows developers to create markets based on assets, commodities, real-world events, and Mintbase, an NFT minting platform are examples of projects being built on NEAR Protocol.

NEAR Protocol

Aave

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Polygon (previously Matic Network) is the first well-structured, easy-to-use platform for Ethereum scaling and infrastructure development. Its core component is Polygon SDK, a modular, flexible framework that supports building multiple types of applications.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Polygon Matic.

Using Polygon, one can create optimistic rollup chains, ZK rollup chains, stand alone chains or any other kind of infra required by the developer.

Polygon effectively transforms Ethereum into a full-fledged multi-chain system (aka Internet of Blockchains). This multi-chain system is akin to other ones such as Polkadot, Cosmos, Avalanche etc. with the advantages of Ethereum’s security, vibrant ecosystem and openness.

The $MATIC token will continue to exist and will play an increasingly important role, securing the system and enabling governance.

Polygon (formerly Matic Network) is a Layer 2 scaling solution backed by Binance and Coinbase. The project seeks to stimulate mass adoption of cryptocurrencies by resolving the problems of scalability on many blockchains.

Polygon combines the Plasma Framework and the proof-of-stake blockchain architecture. The Plasma framework used by Polygon as proposed by the co-founder of Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, allows for the easy execution of scalable and autonomous smart contracts.

Nothing will change for the existing ecosystem built on the Plasma-POS chain. With Polygon, new features are being built around the existing proven technology to expand the ability to cater to diverse needs from the developer ecosystem. Polygon will continue to develop the core technology so that it can scale to a larger ecosystem.

Polygon boasts of up to 65,000 transactions per second on a single side chain, along with a respectable block confirmation time of less than two seconds. The framework also allows for the creation of globally available decentralized financial applications on a single foundational blockchain.

The Plasma framework gives Polygon the potential of housing an unlimited number of decentralized applications on their infrastructure without experiencing the normal drawbacks common on proof-of-work blockchains. So far, Polygon has attracted more than 50 DApps to its PoS-secured Ethereum sidechain.

MATIC, the native tokens of Polygon, is an ERC-20 token running on the Ethereum blockchain. The tokens are used for payment services on Polygon and as a settlement currency between users who operate within the Polygon ecosystem. The transaction fees on Polygon sidechains are also paid in MATIC tokens.

Polygon

Immutable positions itself as the first layer-two scaling solution for NFTs on Ethereum. According to Immutable, its blockchain does away with Ethereum’s limitations like low scalability, a poor user experience, illiquidity, and a slow developer experience. Instead, users benefit from instant trading and massive scalability while enjoying zero gas fees for minting and trading NFTs without compromising user or asset security.

Thanks to this technology, users will be able to create and distribute assets like ERC-20 and ERC-721 tokens on a massive scale. Chris Clay, the game Director of Gods Unchained, a project already building on Immutable, stated that Immutable allows Gods Unchained to implement a new meta-system that was previously impossible. In this fashion, Immutable aims to create a world-class experience for users and developers alike.

Immutable

Polkadot is an open-source sharded multichain protocol that connects and secures a network of specialized blockchains, facilitating cross-chain transfer of any data or asset types, not just tokens, thereby allowing blockchains to be interoperable with each other. Polkadot was designed to provide a foundation for a decentralized internet of blockchains, also known as Web3.

Polkadot is known as a layer-0 metaprotocol because it underlies and describes a format for a network of layer 1 blockchains known as parachains (parallel chains). As a metaprotocol, Polkadot is also capable of autonomously and forklessly updating its own codebase via on-chain governance according to the will of its token holder community.

Polkadot provides a foundation to support a decentralized web, controlled by its users, and to simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.

The Polkadot protocol can connect public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot Relay Chain (explained further down).

Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: staking for operations and security, facilitating network governance, and bonding tokens to  connect parachains .

Polkadot has four core components:

Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;

Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;

Parathreads: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;

Bridges: allow parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.

Polkadot

RenderToken (RNDR) is a distributed GPU rendering network built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, aiming to connect artists and studios in need of GPU compute power with mining partners willing to rent their GPU capabilities out. Conceived in 2009 by OTOY, inc. CEO Jules Urbach and launched in 2017, RNDR held its first public token sale in October of that same year, followed by a private sale period lasting from January 2018 – May 2018, wherein a total of 117,843,239 RNDR were sold at a price of 1 RNDR = $0.25 USD equivalent of token.
During the private sale period, early adopters were onboarded onto the RNDR Beta Testnet, where beta node operators and artists worked collaboratively with the RNDR team in building and testing the network, up until its public launch on April 27th 2020.

Render

Stacks is a Bitcoin Layer for smart contracts; it enables smart contracts and decentralized applications to use Bitcoin as an asset and settle transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin is the largest, most valuable, and most durable decentralized asset. The Stacks layer unlocks $500B in BTC capital using the Bitcoin L1 as settlement for decentralized applications.

Stacks has knowledge of the full Bitcoin state, thanks to its Proof of Transfer consensus and Clarity language, enabling it to read from Bitcoin at any time.

All transactions on the Stacks layer are automatically hashed and settled on the Bitcoin L1. Stacks blocks are secured by 100% Bitcoin hashpower. In order to re-order Stacks blocks/transactions, an attacker would have to reorg Bitcoin.

Stacks

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Uniswap is a popular decentralized trading protocol, known for its role in facilitating automated trading of decentralized finance (DeFi) tokens.

An example of an automated market maker (AMM), Uniswap launched in November 2018, but has gained considerable popularity this year thanks to the DeFi phenomenon and associated surge in token trading.

Uniswap aims to keep token trading automated and completely open to anyone who holds tokens, while improving the efficiency of trading versus that on traditional exchanges.

Uniswap creates more efficiency by solving liquidity issues with automated solutions, avoiding the problems which plagued the first decentralized exchanges.

In September 2020, Uniswap went a step further by creating and awarding its own governance token, UNI, to past users of the protocol. This added both profitability potential and the ability for users to shape its future — an attractive aspect of decentralized entities.

Uniswap

MultiversX is a blockchain protocol that offers true horizontal scalability by using all aspects of sharding (Network, Transaction & State). The project describes itself as a technology ecosystem for the new internet, which includes decentralized finance, real world assets and the Metaverse. Its smart contracts execution platform is reportedly capable of up to 100,000 transactions per second, 6-second latency and a $0.002 transaction cost.

MultiversX is governed and secured through the EGLD token. EGLD, or Electronic Gold, is MultiversX's native token. It acts as a store of value currency to pay for network usage. The coin also serves as a medium of exchange between platform users and validators. Users pay transaction fees in EGLD and validators participate in the consensus process.

EGLD allows developers to deploy smart contracts, protocols, and dApps on the platform. It empowers participants to perform any network action. Through staking and validation rewards, as well as transaction fees, EGLD manages the MultiversX network. Plus, EGLD is endowed with the functionality of a governance token, so its holders can vote on network decisions.

MultiversX

VeChainThor (VET) is a versatile enterprise-grade L1 smart contract platform whose origins began in 2015. VeChain is known as a pioneer of real-world enterprise applications, and built a distributed platform powered by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, NFC chips and blockchain to help various industries solve data-related challenges.

VeChain solves major blockchain adoption hurdles. The platform uses an intelligent two token model, VET and VTHO, separating the protocol's Store of Value and gas fee payment mechanisms, ensuring costs can be kept low and stable. Fee delegation allows smart contracts to pay gas fees on behalf of business users, and an advanced transaction model allows data to be packaged more efficiently while ensuring finality of data.

VeChain is focused on delivering a wave of incentive-based sustainability dApps through its new platform, VeBetterDAO, working closely with Boston Consulting Group to achieve adoption across enterprise and individual users, and helping  onboard the next billion users to Web3 over the coming decade.

From supply chains to sustainability, VeChain has continuously demonstrated its leading role as a driver of blockchain in business, and is dedicated to its role as a pioneer of driving real world adoption of blockchain technology.

VeChain

Algorand is a self-sustaining, decentralized, blockchain-based network that supports a wide range of applications. These systems are secure, scalable and efficient, all critical properties for effective applications in the real world. Algorand will support computations that require reliable performance guarantees to create new forms of trust.

The Algorand mainnet became live in June 2019, and was able to handle almost 1 million transactions per day as of December 2020. Algorand transaction metrics can be viewed here. Algorand initial coin offering (ICO) was held in June 2019, with the Algorand price of $0.24 per token.