## Qtum (QTUM) کیا ہے؟

Qtum جس کا تلفّظ (کُوانٹم) ہے، ایک [پروف-آف-سٹیک](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-stake-pos) PoS کے اسمارٹ معاہدے کا اوپن-سورس بلاک چین پلیٹ فارم، اور قدر کی مُنتقلی کا پروٹوکول ہے۔ اس کا ہدف [Bitcoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/bitcoin/) اور [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ethereum/) کی قوت کو ایک سلسلے میں یکجاء کرنا ہے۔ کوانٹم کو Bitcoin والے UTXO کے لین-دین ماڈل پر تعمیر کیا گیا ہے۔ اِس میں [DApps](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-applications-dapps) کے ساتھ، اسمارٹ معاہدات کے عملدرامد کی اضافی فعالیت بھی شامل ہے۔ حال ہی میں، اس پلیٹ فارم نے DeFi ایپلیکیشنز کے لیے اپنی سپورٹ کا اضافہ کیا ہے۔ مارچ سن 2021 تک، کُوانٹم بلاک چین پر 20 سے زیادہ ٹوکنز تخلیق کیے جا چُکے ہیں۔

اس پراجیکٹ کا اعلان مارچ سن 2016 میں ہوا، جس کے ایک ہی سال بعد مارچ سن 2017 میں ICO مُنعقد ہوئی، جو اپنے بُنیاد کُنندگان کے لیے $15 ملین USD اکھٹے کرنے کا باعث بنی۔ کُوانٹم کی مرکزی چین کو 13 ستمبر، سن 2017 میں جاری کیا گیا۔ ابتدائی طور پر، کُوانٹم کوائن بحیثیت ETH-20 ٹوکن جاری ہُوا، لیکن مین-نیٹ کے آغاز کے ساتھ، اس کو مقامی بلاک چین میں تبدیل کر دیا گیا۔

### کُوانٹم کے بانی کون ہیں؟

Patrick Dai اس پروجیکٹ کے بانی، اور Qtum Foundation کے چئرمین ہیں۔ اُنہوں نے Draper University میں کمپیوٹر سائنس کی تعلیم حاصل کی، اور بعد میں Chinese Academy of Sciences سے پی ایچ ڈی کو ادُھورا چھوڑ دیا۔ اُنکی پیشہ ورانہ زندگی کا آغاز Alibaba میں پراڈکٹ منیجر کے عہدے پر فائز رہ کر ہوا، اور پھر کُوانٹم کی ابتداء کرنے سے پہلے، اُنہوں نے بلاک چینز کے سلسلہ وار منصوبوں پر کام کیا، جن میں Factom, Vechain, Bitse Group اور Meilink شامل ہیں۔ یہ بات قابل توجہ ہے کہ کبھی پہلے وہ Steven Dai کے نام سے پہچانے جاتے تھے، جب وہ بدنامِ زمانہ BitBay پروجیکٹ کے CTO تھے، جو [مُبینہ طور پر ایک ایگزِٹ سکَیم سکینڈل](https://coinjournal.net/news/ver-backed-qtum-started-bitbay-dai/) کا نشانہ بنی۔ نوٹ: Exit Scam ایک چال ہوا کرتی ہے، جس میں کوئی چلتا ہوا کاروبار نئے آرڈرز کے لیے ادائیگی وصول کرنے کے بعد صارفین کو اشیاء کی فراہمی روک دیتا ہے۔

مزید دو شریک بانیوں میں پہلے، CTO اور بلاک چین آرکیٹیکٹ Neil Mahi، اور دُوسرے لیڈ ڈویلپر Jordan Earis ہیں۔

Stephen (Xiaolong) XU سن 2017 سے کُوانٹم کے لیڈ ڈویلپر ہیں۔ اس سے پہلے اُنہوں نے Tencent اور Microsoft کے لیے بحیثیت سوفٹ-ویئر ڈویلپر کام کیا۔ وہ کمپیوٹر ویژن (Computer Vision) کے شعبے میں University of Chinese Academy of Sciences سے ڈگری کے ساتھ فارغ التحصیل ہیں۔

کُوانٹم کی آفیشل ویب-سائٹ پردی گئی معلومات کے مُطابق اس ٹیم کے زیادہ تر ارکان کا کوئی Linkedin صفحہ یا Github پروفائل دکھائی نہیں دیتے۔ البتہ یہ بات تصدیق شدہ ہے کہ کُوانٹم متعدد اعلیٰ پائے کے حامل حمایتیوں کی سپورٹ حاصل ہے، بشمُول Bitcoin.com۔ Roger Ver اورJeremy Gardner جو ابتدا میں ایک کریپٹو سرمایہ کار سے جِلد کی دیکھ بھال کرنے والے پروفیشنل بنے، پھر Augur کے شریک بانی، اور Blockchain Capital میں EIR بھی رہے۔

### کیا چیز کُوانٹم کو مُنفرد بناتی ہے؟

کُوانٹم ایک عام مقاصد کے لیے استعمال ہونے والا بلاک چین ہے جو چار ایسے مسائل کو حل کرنے کی کوشش کرتا ہے جنہیں اس کے بانیوں نے BTC اور ETH بلاک چین پلیٹ فارموں میں سب سے زیادہ باعث مُشکلات پایا: یعنی باہم عمل کی صلاحیت، حاکمیت، پروف-آف-ورک طریقِِ کار پر آنے والی زیادہ لاگت، اور اسمارٹ معاہدات کو حقیقی-زندگی کی اپلیکیشنز کے ساتھ جوڑنے میں حائل رُکاوٹیں۔ کُوانٹم بلاک چین دو منفرد ٹیکنولوجیز کا حامل ہے، جن کا ہدف انہیں حل کرنا ہے: یعنی اکاؤنٹ ایبسٹریکشن لیئر (AAL)، اور غیر مرکزی حاکمیتی پرت پروٹوکول (DGP)۔

اکاؤنٹ ایبسٹریکشن لیئر، Bitcoin کی طرف سے وراثت میں مِلی UTXO (غیر خرچ شدہ لین-دین آؤٹ-پٹ) اکاؤنٹ پرت کو، Ethereum سے مُتاثرشدہ اسمارٹ معاہدات پرت کے ساتھ جوڑتی ہے۔ یہ صارفین کو ایپلیکیشنز بنانے اور انہیں مجازی مشینوں پر ہوسٹ کرنے کی اجازت دیتی ہے، جن میں Ethereum ورجوئل مشین (EVM)، اور x86 ورجوئل مشین شامل ہیں۔ یہ i686 ہدایات کے سیٹ، اور متعدد پروگرامنگ زبانیں جیسے C, C++, Rust اور Python، کو سپورٹ کرتی ہے، جس کی وجہ سے موجودہ ایپس کو اپنانا اور کُوانٹم کے لیے کمپائل کرنا بہت آسان ہو جاتا ہے۔ یہ نہ صرف ٹُورنگ-کمپلیٹ اسمارٹ معاہدات کو قبول کرتا ہے، بلکہ کُوانٹم عام پروگرامنگ لائبریریوں کو اسمارٹ معاہدات کی شکل دینے کا منصوب بھی بنا رہا ہے۔ نوٹ: ٹورنگ کمپلیٹ سے مراد ایک ایسی مشین ہے جو ضروری ہدایات کے ساتھ خاصہ وقت اور میموری خرچ کر کے کسی بھی کمپیوٹیشنل مسئلہ کو حل کر سکتی ہے، چاہے مسئلہ کتنا ہی پیچیدہ کیوں نہ ہو۔

غیر مرکزی حاکمیتی پروٹوکول، اسمارٹ معاہدات کو نیٹ-ورک کے قلبی پیرامیٹرز، جیسے، بلاک سائز اور گیس فیسیں، بغیر کسی بلاک چین کو ہارڈ فورک کیے تبدیل کرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے، جس کے سبب نہ صرف بہت سے مسائل سے بچا جا سکتا ہے بلکہ ساتھ ساتھ نیٹ-ورک کا ارتقاء بھی ہو رہا ہوتا ہے۔ مائینرز (اسٹیکنگ کرنے والے)، پورے ایکوسسٹم میں موجود کُوانٹم رکھنے والے اور ڈویلپرز بذریعہ رائے دہی بلاک چین کی حاکمیت میں مُلوِّث رہتے ہیں، اور اسطرح بلاک چین ذاتی-تنظیم، اپ-گریڈ اور تکرار کا ادراک کر سکتا ہے۔

#### متعلقہ صفحات:

اسمارٹ معاہدات کو سپورٹ کرنے والی پہلی کریپٹو کرنسی [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ethereum/) پر اچھی طرح نظر دوڑائیے۔

Cardano (کارڈانو) کے بارے میں آپ کیا کُچھ جانتے ہیں؟ ہمارے ساتھ ایک [گہرا غوطہ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/a-deep-dive-into-cardano) لگانا ہرگز نہ بھُولیے؛ اسے یقینی بنائیے۔

کیا آپ مزید جاننے کے لیے تیار ہیں؟ ہمارا [سیکھنے کا مرکز](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/) مُلاحظہ کیجیے۔

تازہ ترین کریپٹو خبروں اور بصیرت کے لیے ہمارا [بلاگ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog) مُلاحظہ کیجیے۔

### کُل کتنے کُوانٹم (QTUM) کوائنز گردش میں ہیں؟

کُوانٹم کے اپنے قرطاس الابیض کے مُطابق، کوانٹم کوائنز کی ابتدائی سپلائی 100 ملین پر مشتمل تھی، جو سب کے سب پراجیکٹ آن-لائن ہونے سے پہلے فوری طور پر منِٹ کیے گئے۔ 51 ملین کوائنز ICO کی ایک عملیت کے ذریعے مارچ، سن 2017 میں عوام النّاس کو فروخت کیے گئے۔ مزید بڑھاوا دیتے ہوئے، 8 ملین کوائنز شروعات کے نجی سرمایہ کاروں کو دیے گئے، جبکہ 12 ملین پراجیکٹ ٹیم کے لیے وقف ہوئے، جو چارسال تک مُقفل بھی رہیں گے۔ باقی سب سنگاپور میں اندراج شُدہ ایک غیر-مُنافع بخش کمپنی Qtum Chain Foundation کنٹرول کرتی ہے، جو اسے چار حصّوں پر مشتمل مارچ سن 2021 تک حاصل کر لے گی۔ یہ 20 ملین کوائنز کاروباری ڈویلپمنٹ کے کے لیے مختص ہیں، جبکہ 9% تعلیمی تحقیق و ارتقاء پر خرچ کیے جائیں گے۔

کوائن کی سپلائی مُقرر نہیں کی گئی، 4.0 QTUM فی بلاک کی ابتدائی بلاک ریوارڈ سبسڈی سے ہر سال آدھا ہو جانے والے بلاک انعامات کے ساتھ نئے ٹوکنز مائن کیے جا سکتے ہیں، اور اسطرح نصف ہو جانے کے عمل سے سات بار گُذر کر کہ آخرکار سن 2045 تک ان بلاک انعامات کی قدر صفر رہ جائے گی، اوراسطرح کوُانٹم کی کُل سپلائی 107,822,406 پہنچ جائے گی۔

### کُوانٹم نیٹ-ورک کو کس طرح محفوظ بنایا جاتا ہے؟

کُوانٹم کے لیے تکنیکی نقطہ نظر ویسا نہیں جو Bitcoin اور Ethereum کے زیر استعمال ہے۔ کُوانٹم نے نیٹ-ورک کے تحفُّظ کی غرض سے MPoS (باہمی پروف-آف-سٹیک) اتفاق رائے طریق کار کا انتخاب کیا۔ یہ [پروف-آف-سٹیک 3.0](https://forum.bitbay.market/uploads/default/original/1X/a82b35edf21dee2cded2624d82fad28e6c1f4682.pdf) کا ترمیم شدہ ورژن ہے۔

یہ پروٹوکول بلاک کی توثیق کے عمل کو سادہ اور محفوظ بنانے کے لیے، صارفین کو اپنے کوائنز مُقفل رکھنے کی ترغیب دیتا ہے۔ اسے سٹیکنگ کہا جاتا ہے۔ ہر بلاک کی تائید کرنے کے لیے کوائن رکھنے والوں کے مابین مُسابقت ہوتی ہے، جس میں نیٹ-ورک سے جُڑنے، اور اتفاقیہ موقع ملنے کی بُنیاد پر وہ مُناسب طریقے سے بلاک کی توثیق کر دیتے ہیں۔ ابتدائی PoS پروٹوکولز کے بر خلاف، یہاں پر بلاک کا انعام ایک مستقل حیثیت رکھتا ہے، اور اپنے حصول کے امکانات کا تعین کرنے کے لیے کوائن کی عمر پر انحصار نہیں کرتا۔ انعامات اسٹیک کے تناسب کو مدِّ نظر رکھتے ہوئے پھیلا دئے جاتے ہیں، لہٰذا جتنے کوائنز داؤ پر لگائے جاتے ہیں، صارف کو انعام بھی اُتنا ہی ملتا ہے۔ علاوہ از ایں، MPoS پروٹوکول کو بلاک کے انعام کا 10%، بلاک پیدا کرنے والے مائینر، اور نو سابقہ مائینرز کے درمیان تقسیم کرنے سے، نیز بقیہ 90% کی تقسیم کو مستقبل میں 500 بلاکس کے لیے مُوخٔر کرنے سے، ’’جنک معاہدے‘‘ کے حملوں سے تحفُّظ مل جاتا ہے۔

Bitcoin میں استعمال ہونے والے پروف-آف-ورک مکینزم کے برعکس، پروف-آف-سٹیک الگوتھمز نگہداشت کے لحاظ سے نُمایاں طور پر کم مہنگے، ماحول دوست، اور بڑے پیمانے پر غیر مرکزیت فراہم کر سکتے ہیں، جو کہ بلاک چین سکیورٹی کی اساس ہیں۔

### آپ کُوانٹم (QTUM) کہان سے خرید سکتے ہیں؟

QTUM آزادانہ تجارت کی صلاحیت رکھنے والا ایک ٹوکن ہے، جو زیادہ تر ایکسچینجوں پر دستیاب ہے۔ تجارت کے لیے دستیاب پیئرز میں Bitcoin، altcoins، اسٹیبل-کوائنز، اور فیاٹ پیسہ شامل ہیں۔

فی الحال کُوانٹم کی تجارت کرنے والے سرِفہرست ایکسچینجوں میں 1Binance1, 2Huobi Global2, 3OKEx3, 4HBTC4 اور 5Hydax Exchange5. شامل ہیں۔ دیگر ایکسچینجز کی فہرست آپ ہمارے [کریپٹو ایکسچینجزکے صفحے](https://coinmarketcap.com/rankings/exchanges/) پر دیکھ سکتے ہیں۔

کیا کریپٹو آپ کے لیے نئی ہے، اور کیا آپ جاننا چاہتے ہیں کہ Bitcoin (BTC)، یا کوئی دوسرا ٹوکن کیسے خریدا جائے؟ تفصیلات [یہاں](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) دیکھیے۔

Qtum

QURATE TO EARN! 🎨🧑‍💻 PARTICIPATE FOR A REWARD POOL OF 

Let your creativity flow, explore Qtum's new AI open-source model, Qtum Qurator, and EARN! 

🌃 The theme is MEME CITY; you can use any of the provided image generation models that are available on qurator as background and incorporate them into your final project.

☝️ If you win a prize, you must prove that you have a Qtum wallet with enough gas to cover the transaction gas. 

📅 Start Date: May 14 / End Date: June 14

➡️ Join our Discord, go to the dedicated channel, and see the participation rules and reward distribution: 

Fast, Green, Stable, Decentralized. Qtum is a scalable Proof-of-Stake platform that allows developers to leverage the upstream benefits of Ethereum and Bitcoin.

QURATE TO EARN! 🎨🧑‍💻 PARTICIPATE FOR A REWARD POOL OF $2,100 IN QTUM! 💰

Let your creativity flow, explore Qtum's new AI open-source model, Qtum Qurator, and EARN! 

🌃 The theme is MEME CITY; you can use any of the provided image generation models that are available on qurator as background and incorporate them into your final project.
☝️ If you win a prize, you must prove that you have a Qtum wallet with enough gas to cover the transaction gas. 
📅 Start Date: May 14 / End Date: June 14

➡️ Join our Discord, go to the dedicated channel, and see the participation rules and reward distribution: https://t.co/e07gbXawgG.

What Is Qtum?

Ledger

Trezor

Trust Wallet

Math Wallet

Qtum Core

Atomic wallet

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

NEM is a blockchain platform that was launched in March of 2015. It was one of the pioneers of the cryptocurrency industry, and sought to improve on the imperfections found on other chains at the time. It was one of the first non-turing complete chains to feature user-defined tokens (called mosaics), namespaces, multisignature accounts, and a P2P reputation system based on EigenTrust++. Its most notable contribution to the space is the proof-of-importance consensus mechanism, which sought to reward on-chain activity and deter the concentration of wealth commonly associated with proof-of-stake. Its client, NIS, is written in Java.

NEM has a global community. It sees the most utility as an alternative form of payment for businesses and vendors, and has a variety of social media apps built on top of it in Japan, such as nemgraph, a community-driven owned and operated alternative to Instagram.

In December 2021, NEM was hard forked by a pseudonymous team of cryptocurrency experts and enthusiasts alike. Titled Harlock, this hard fork signaled the community’s intent to take NEM from a shadow of its former self into the world’s leading payments platform for on-chain and off-chain media content.

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

Apps use ICON to operate cross-chain seamlessly, build momentum and gain reputation. ICON's Cross-Chain Framework simplifies cross-chain development with its easy-to-use xCall messaging standard and connections to secure bridging protocols.

ICON

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. Due to the decentralized nature of the token distribution on EOS, power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Waves is a multi-purpose blockchain platform which supports various use cases including decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts.

Launched in June 2016 following one of the cryptocurrency industry’s earliest initial coin offerings (ICO), Waves initially set out to improve on the first blockchain platforms by increasing speed, utility and user-friendliness.

The platform has undergone various changes and added new spin-off features to build on its original design.

Waves’ native token is WAVES, an uncapped supply token used for standard payments such as block rewards.

Waves

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

Basic Attention Token

Zcash is a decentralized cryptocurrency focused on privacy and anonymity. It uses the zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proof technology that allows nodes on the network to verify transactions without revealing any sensitive information about those transactions.

Contrary to a common misunderstanding, the majority of cryptocurrencies on the market, including Bitcoin (BTC), are not anonymous, but rather pseudonymous; while they do not explicitly reveal the identities of their users, each user has their own public address or addresses which can be traced back to them via the methods of data science and blockchain forensics.

Zcash transactions, on the other hand, still have to be relayed via a public blockchain, but unlike pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, ZEC transactions by default do not reveal the sending and receiving addresses or the amount being sent. There is an option, however, to reveal this data for the purposes of auditing or regulatory compliance.

Zcash was first released on October 28, 2016, and it was originally based on Bitcoin’s codebase.

Zcash

Decred is Money Evolved.

By combining battle tested Proof-of-Work with an innovative take on Proof-of-Stake that places coin holders in charge of shaping the future, Decred is able to adapt to challenges and innovate at a rapid pace. You acquire influence in Decred by putting “skin in the game”.

Decred’s security, privacy, scalability, and decentralized treasury empower stakeholders and provides them with the tools needed to enhance their financial sovereignty.

Decred

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that features unique architecture and an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions to use in Web3. It is built on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle, which can be pictured as a multi-dimensional blockchain. It enables the exchange of data and value on a decentralized platform through direct and secure transfers, executed on and immutably recorded on the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into IOTA.

Together with its staging network Shimmer, IOTA aims to offer solutions to establish a secure and permissionless infrastructure that can drive the economy of the future. It enables the development of decentralized applications through automated trust in the form of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, an advanced consensus algorithm, and thoughtfully balanced incentives.

IOTA delivers tools for creating and managing custom Layer 2 (EVM) chains, deploying smart contracts, minting native tokens and NFTs with distinctive features, and introducing digital identities to users.

Launching in 2024, IOTA 2.0 will be a protocol upgrade that rebuilds IOTA’s architecture to deliver full decentralization. You can find more about it here.

IOTA

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

Lisk is striving to on-board 100,000,000 users into crypto and web3 by offering an accessible blockchain application platform and an industry leading JavaScript SDK.

Released in 2019, the Lisk SDK enables developers to build application-specific blockchains entirely in JavaScript, the most widely used programming language in the world. To get a deep-dive into the Lisk SDK, please visit the Lisk SDK documentation or watch Lisk.js 2019 and Lisk.js 2022.

To be released in 2022, the Lisk blockchain application platform allows interoperability between all application-specific blockchains built with the Lisk SDK. With other words, users will be able to use DeFi, NFT or Metaverse blockchain applications on Lisk.

To better understand why Lisk is important watch the following videos: The Case for Lisk and The Ultimate Vision for Lisk.

If you are curious about Lisk’s history and journey, watch Looking Back on Lisk.

The Lisk project is managed by the Lisk Foundation, a non-profit entity based in Zug, Switzerland. A local team of experts specialized in law and finance, as well as yearly audits, ensure the proper handling of funds and regulatory compliance under the supervision of the Swiss Federal Foundation Supervisory Authority (ESA, Eidgenössische Stiftungsaufsicht).

The Lisk products are developed by the Lightcurve GmbH, a Berlin based blockchain studio. With a team of over 40 blockchain experts, Lightcurve is researching, developing and promoting the Lisk SDK and the Lisk blockchain application platform.

Lisk

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

Zilliqa is a public, permissionless blockchain that is designed to offer high throughput with the ability to complete thousands of transactions per second. It seeks to solve the issue of blockchain scalability and speed by employing sharding as a second-layer scaling solution. The platform is home to many decentralized applications, and as of October 2020, it also allows for staking and yield farming.

Development work officially started on Zilliqa in June 2017, and its testnet went live in March 2018. A little over a year later, in June 2019, the platform launched its mainnet.

The native utility token of Zilliqa, ZIL, is used to process transactions on the network and execute smart contracts.

Zilliqa

Self-described as "Polkadot's wild cousin," Kusama is an experimental blockchain platform that is designed to provide a massively interoperable and scalable framework for developers.

Kusama is built on Substrate — a blockchain building kit developed by Parity Technologies. Kusama has almost the same codebase as Polkadot — one of the most successful interoperable blockchains.

By deploying on Kusama, fast-paced projects gain access to a highly scalable, interoperable sharded network, with features that are not yet available on Polkadot. To that end, Kusama describes itself as a “canary network.”

The platform is designed to provide a testbed for developers looking to innovate and deploy their own blockchain and can be used as a preparatory network before launching on Polkadot — though many projects opt to stick with Kusama for their final product.

Kusama benefits from a low barrier to entry for deploying parachains, low bond requirements for validators, and is most commonly used by early-stage startups and for experimentation.

Kusama

Billed as "digital money for the modern world," nano is a lightweight cryptocurrency that is designed to facilitate secure, practically instant payments, without fees, and addresses some of the major limitations of both legacy financial infrastructure, and many modern cryptocurrencies.

Development of the project began in 2014 under the name RaiBlocks, and the coin (then termed XRB) launched the following year through a public faucet, which allowed users to claim small amounts of XRB after completing a captcha challenge. Anyone with access to a computer or phone could solve captchas, and be rewarded with RaiBlocks. The number of XRB people received per solved captcha varied over time

RaiBlocks (XRB) was rebranded to Nano in January 2018, with the new name chosen to better represent the speed and simplicity the project offers to users.

It is a peer-to-peer platform that uses a unique block-lattice data structure to allow users to easily transfer value to one another without relying on centralized intermediaries.

Unlike other platforms which typically use the combined proof-of-work of a massive mining network to achieve consensus, nano instead uses a system known as Open Representative Voting (ORV) — which sees account holders vote for their chosen representative, who then work to confirm blocks of transactions securely.

ORV makes Nano extremely energy efficient, positioning it as a more environmentally friendly alternative to proof-of-work (POW)-based cryptocurrencies.

In November, 2021, aiming to bring nano to the real world and to comply with the globally-recognized standards of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) requirements, nano adopted a new ticker and a standard symbol: XNO and Ӿ.