## Ontology (ONT) کیا ہے؟

Ontology، ایک پیچیدہ، اور منقسم معاونتی نیٹ ورک ہے، جو انٹرپرائزز اور پراجیکٹس کے ایک متنوع سلسلے کو خدمات فراہم کرتا ہے، اور اپنی اجازت یافتہ انٹرپرائز [بلاک چینز](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) کو نجی ڈیٹا پر سمجھوتہ کیے بغیر Ontology کے عوامی بلاک چین نیٹ ورک پر تعمیر کرنے، اور اپنی مرضی کے مطابق تعامل انجام دینے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔

اپنے آغاز میں، Ontology نے مقبول [ابتدائی کوائن کی پیشکش (ICO)](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-coin-offering-ico) کو کمیونٹی کی تقسیم، اور اس کی ONT نامی [کرپٹو کرنسی](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-cryptocurrencies) کے ایئر ڈراپس کے سلسلے کے حق میں ترک کر دیا، اس عمل نے NEP-5 ٹوکن کی حیثیت سے [NEO](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/neo/) بلاک چین میں جان ڈالی۔

یہ امر فوری طور پر اصل قیمت، اورایک پرجوش کمیونٹی، دونوں کا تعیّن کرنے اور اس پراجیکٹ کو انضباطی جانچ پڑتال سے بچانے میں بھی مدد گار ثابت ہوا۔

مثلاً، ایک مختصر مدت کے لیے Ontology نیوز لیٹر پر سائن اپ کرنے والے ہر فرد کو 1,000 ONT پر مشتمل مفت ایئر ڈراپ دیا جاتا، جس کی مالیت، [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/binance/) جیسے بڑے ایکسچینجز پر ٹوکن کے شامل فہرست ہونے کے بعد 10$ تک جا پہنچی۔

Ontology نے جولائی، سنہ 2018 میں [اپنی مین نیٹ کا آغاز کیا](https://cointelegraph.com/press-releases/ontology-mainnet-ontology-1-0-has-officially-launched)، اور اب یہ NEO بلاک چین سے علیحدہ کام کرتا ہے۔

### Ontology کے بانیان کون ہیں؟

چینی کمپنی OnChain نے سنہ 2017 میں Ontology کی بنیاد رکھی، جنہوں نے اکثر اوقات ’’چینی Ethereum‘‘ کے نام سے مقبول NEO بھی تخلیق کیا۔ اس کے بانی ممبران میں بلاک چین کے تجربہ کار افراد Jun Li (موجودہ CEO) اور NEO کے مشترکہ بانیان Da Hongfei اور Eric Zhang شامل ہیں۔

### وہ کیا چیز ہے جو Ontology کو منفرد بناتی ہے؟

Ontology، حقیقی زندگی میں استعمال کی کئی صورتیں پیش کرتا ہے، اور کاروباروں کو Ontology کی بلاک چین پر اپنی بلاک چین تعمیر کرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔

اہم بات یہ ہے کہ Ontology، انٹرپرائزز کے لیے مزید لچک پذیری کی پیشکش کرتا ہے، اور انہیں حسب منشاء بلاک چینز تخلیق کرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے جو ان کی ایسی مخصوص ضروریات کو پورا کر سکیں، جن کا تعلق گورننس، بہتر رازداری، اور کارکردگی جیسے فیچرز سے ہو، جوکہ بطور ڈیزائن ہی [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ethereum/) اور NEO جیسے حریفوں میں موجود نہیں۔

ONT چین، [Ontology گیس (ONG)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ontology-gas/) پیدا کر کے، اور اپنے ہولڈرز کو ان کے اثاثوں کی بنیاد پر اُس کی مفت تقسیم کے ذریعے [ٹرانزیکشن نیٹ ورک کی فیس](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/gas-price) کی نفی کرنے میں بھی مددگار ثابت ہوتی ہے۔

Ontology اضافی خصوصیات بھی فراہم کرتا ہے جیسے کہ اسمارٹ معاہدات، کرپٹوگرافک شناختی ثبوت (ONT ID) اور ٹوکنائزڈ ڈیٹا (DDXF)، جو کسی بھی رکاوٹ کے بغیر مختلف بلاک چینز کے مابین منتقل کیے جا سکتے ہیں۔

مثال: کسی مریض کے طبی ریکارڈز، جوزیاہ تر ممالک میں رازداری کے سخت قوانین کے طابع ہوتے ہیں، ڈیٹا کی سالمیت اور رازداری پر سمجھوتہ کیے بغیر پورے Ontology نیٹ ورک پر استعمال میں لائے جا سکتے ہیں۔ خفیہ ڈیٹا منتقل کرنے والے طبی کاروبار، اس حوالے سے ڈرے بغیر کہ کہیں مریضوں کا ڈیٹا غیر مجاز فریقین کے ہاتھوں میں نہ چلا جائے، یہ اختیار رکھتے ہیں کہ دیگر فریقین کے ساتھ کس قسم کی معلومات اور کن حالات کے تحت شیئر کی جائیں۔

#### متعلقہ صفحات:

[NEO (NEO)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/neo/) کے بارے میں مزید جانیے:

[Ethereum (ETH)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ethereum/) کے بارے میں مزید جانیں۔

[Ontology گیس (ONG)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ontology-gas/) کے بارے میں مزید جانیے:

رجحان پذیر بلاک چینز کے بارے میں خبروں اور بصیرت کے لئے [CoinMarketCap بلاگ](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/) ملاحظہ کیجیے۔

### فی الوقت کُل کتنے Ontology (ONT) کوائنز گردش میں ہیں؟

Ontology کے پاس کوائنز کی کُل سپلائی 1,000,000,000 ONT پر مشتمل ہے، جن میں سے تقریباً 80 فیصد گردش میں ہیں۔

اس کے آغاز کے وقت، ٹوکنز کی کُل تعداد کا %15 درون خانہ مرکزی ٹیم کے لئے، %10 NEO کونسل کے لئے، %28 ادارہ جاتی حصے داروں کے لئے، %10 تکنیکی کمیونٹی اور %25 اس کے اپنے ایکو سسٹم کی ترقی کے لئے مختص کیا گیا۔

یہ ٹوکنز ایک کڑے جانچ کے عمل، اور ان لاک کیے جانے کی کئی مدتوں سے گزرے، جن کا دورانیہ اکتوبر، سنہ 2020 کے اختتام تک دو سالوں پر محیط رہا۔ [یہاں سے اس کے ٹوکن کی تقسیم کاری](https://medium.com/ontologynetwork/ontologys-ont-token-distribution-and-circulating-supply-da96d5540827) کے بارے میں پڑھیے۔

### Ontology نیٹ ورک کو کیسے محفوظ بنایا جاتا ہے؟

Ontology نیٹ ورک مکمل طور پر ایک غیر مرکزی نظام ہے، لہٰذا اپنی اسی خوبی کی وجہ سے یہ ہیکس کے خلاف شدید مزاحمت رکھتا ہے، جنہیں اپنا اثر دکھانے کے لیے مربوط شدہ ڈیوائسز میں سے تقریباً نصف سے زیادہ پر اثرانداز ہونا پڑے گا۔

### آپ Ontology (ONT) کہاں سے خرید سکتے ہیں؟

ONT اور ONG، دونوں ہی دنیا کے اولین ایکسجینجز پر شامل فہرست ہیں اور انہیں ان کی معاونت بھی حاصل ہے، جیسے کہ [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/binance/) اور [OKEx](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/okex/)، تاہم، Coinbase ان میں شامل نہیں۔ اب Ontology اور Bitcoin جیسی کرپٹو کرنسیز براہ راست کریڈٹ کارڈ کے ذریعے بھی خریدی جا سکتی ہیں۔ اس کا طریقہ کار جاننے کے لیے، [یہاں پر مزید پڑھیے](https://www.binance.com/en/buy-sell-crypto)۔

Ontology

Explaining The Crypto China Narrative

A Guide To Self-Sovereign Identity: A Deep Dive by Ontology

Binance

Ledger

Trezor

Trust Wallet

Math Wallet

ONTO

MetaMask

Binance Chain Wallet

Atomic wallet

Building the infrastructure & delivering the tools for #Web3. #DID  #Decentralized  #Data  #Trust  $ONT  $ONG Join us: http://t.me/OntologyNetwork

MovieBloc

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Apps use ICON to operate cross-chain seamlessly, build momentum and gain reputation. ICON's Cross-Chain Framework simplifies cross-chain development with its easy-to-use xCall messaging standard and connections to secure bridging protocols.

ICON

Ontology Gas

NEM is a blockchain platform that was launched in March of 2015. It was one of the pioneers of the cryptocurrency industry, and sought to improve on the imperfections found on other chains at the time. It was one of the first non-turing complete chains to feature user-defined tokens (called mosaics), namespaces, multisignature accounts, and a P2P reputation system based on EigenTrust++. Its most notable contribution to the space is the proof-of-importance consensus mechanism, which sought to reward on-chain activity and deter the concentration of wealth commonly associated with proof-of-stake. Its client, NIS, is written in Java.

NEM has a global community. It sees the most utility as an alternative form of payment for businesses and vendors, and has a variety of social media apps built on top of it in Japan, such as nemgraph, a community-driven owned and operated alternative to Instagram.

In December 2021, NEM was hard forked by a pseudonymous team of cryptocurrency experts and enthusiasts alike. Titled Harlock, this hard fork signaled the community’s intent to take NEM from a shadow of its former self into the world’s leading payments platform for on-chain and off-chain media content.

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. EOS is fully decentralized power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

Zilliqa is a public, permissionless blockchain that is designed to offer high throughput with the ability to complete thousands of transactions per second. It seeks to solve the issue of blockchain scalability and speed by employing sharding as a second-layer scaling solution. The platform is home to many decentralized applications, and as of October 2020, it also allows for staking and yield farming.

Development work officially started on Zilliqa in June 2017, and its testnet went live in March 2018. A little over a year later, in June 2019, the platform launched its mainnet.

The native utility token of Zilliqa, ZIL, is used to process transactions on the network and execute smart contracts.

Zilliqa

IOST describes itself as an “ultra-fast,” fully fledged and decentralized blockchain network and ecosystem with its own nodes, wallets and based on the “next-generation” consensus protocol dubbed “proof-of-believability.”

IOST

Waves is a multi-purpose blockchain platform which supports various use cases including decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts.

Launched in June 2016 following one of the cryptocurrency industry’s earliest initial coin offerings (ICO), Waves initially set out to improve on the first blockchain platforms by increasing speed, utility and user-friendliness.

The platform has undergone various changes and added new spin-off features to build on its original design.

Waves’ native token is WAVES, an uncapped supply token used for standard payments such as block rewards.

Waves

Ren (REN) is an open protocol built to provide interoperability and liquidity between different blockchain platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Ren.

Formerly known as Republic Protocol, Ren launched RenVM, its virtual machine mainnet, in May 2020, having completed a $34 million initial coin offering (ICO) in 2018.

The protocol’s native token, REN, functions as a bond for those running nodes which power RenVM, known as Darknodes.

Ren aims to expand the interoperability, and hence accessibility, of decentralized finance (DeFi) by removing hurdles involved in liquidity between blockchains.

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

Basic Attention Token

Lisk is striving to on-board 100,000,000 users into crypto and web3 by offering an accessible blockchain application platform and an industry leading JavaScript SDK.

Released in 2019, the Lisk SDK enables developers to build application-specific blockchains entirely in JavaScript, the most widely used programming language in the world. To get a deep-dive into the Lisk SDK, please visit the Lisk SDK documentation or watch Lisk.js 2019 and Lisk.js 2022.

To be released in 2022, the Lisk blockchain application platform allows interoperability between all application-specific blockchains built with the Lisk SDK. With other words, users will be able to use DeFi, NFT or Metaverse blockchain applications on Lisk.

To better understand why Lisk is important watch the following videos: The Case for Lisk and The Ultimate Vision for Lisk.

If you are curious about Lisk’s history and journey, watch Looking Back on Lisk.

The Lisk project is managed by the Lisk Foundation, a non-profit entity based in Zug, Switzerland. A local team of experts specialized in law and finance, as well as yearly audits, ensure the proper handling of funds and regulatory compliance under the supervision of the Swiss Federal Foundation Supervisory Authority (ESA, Eidgenössische Stiftungsaufsicht).

The Lisk products are developed by the Lightcurve GmbH, a Berlin based blockchain studio. With a team of over 40 blockchain experts, Lightcurve is researching, developing and promoting the Lisk SDK and the Lisk blockchain application platform.

Lisk

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that features unique architecture and an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions to use in Web3. It is built on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle, which can be pictured as a multi-dimensional blockchain. It enables the exchange of data and value on a decentralized platform through direct and secure transfers, executed on and immutably recorded on the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into IOTA.

Together with its staging network Shimmer, IOTA aims to offer solutions to establish a secure and permissionless infrastructure that can drive the economy of the future. It enables the development of decentralized applications through automated trust in the form of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, an advanced consensus algorithm, and thoughtfully balanced incentives.

IOTA delivers tools for creating and managing custom Layer 2 (EVM) chains, deploying smart contracts, minting native tokens and NFTs with distinctive features, and introducing digital identities to users.

Launching in 2024, IOTA 2.0 will be a protocol upgrade that rebuilds IOTA’s architecture to deliver full decentralization. You can find more about it here.

IOTA

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

Billed as "digital money for the modern world," nano is a lightweight cryptocurrency that is designed to facilitate secure, practically instant payments, without fees, and addresses some of the major limitations of both legacy financial infrastructure, and many modern cryptocurrencies.

Development of the project began in 2014 under the name RaiBlocks, and the coin (then termed XRB) launched the following year through a public faucet, which allowed users to claim small amounts of XRB after completing a captcha challenge. Anyone with access to a computer or phone could solve captchas, and be rewarded with RaiBlocks. The number of XRB people received per solved captcha varied over time

RaiBlocks (XRB) was rebranded to Nano in January 2018, with the new name chosen to better represent the speed and simplicity the project offers to users.

It is a peer-to-peer platform that uses a unique block-lattice data structure to allow users to easily transfer value to one another without relying on centralized intermediaries.

Unlike other platforms which typically use the combined proof-of-work of a massive mining network to achieve consensus, nano instead uses a system known as Open Representative Voting (ORV) — which sees account holders vote for their chosen representative, who then work to confirm blocks of transactions securely.

ORV makes Nano extremely energy efficient, positioning it as a more environmentally friendly alternative to proof-of-work (POW)-based cryptocurrencies.

In November, 2021, aiming to bring nano to the real world and to comply with the globally-recognized standards of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) requirements, nano adopted a new ticker and a standard symbol: XNO and Ӿ.

Nano

Reef is a Reliable Extensible Efficient Fast Layer-1 Blockchain for DeFi, NFT & Gaming. Built using Substrate Framework, it provides high scalability, enabling almost instant low-cost transactions, and supports Solidity and EVM, allowing developers to seamlessly migrate their DApps from Ethereum without any change in the codebase.

Reef Chain is the most advanced EVM-compatible blockchain. It's self-upgradable and has on-chain governance. Its infrastructure also allows for EVM extensions which allows for native token bridge, scheduled calls (ie. recurring payments), and smart contract in-place code upgrades. In the near future, it will support additional VMs which will allow developers to write code in multiple programming languages. The network runs on a Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism, which offers scalability and low fees.

REEF is the native token that is used for:

Fees for processing transactions and storing data.

Running validator nodes by staking REEF tokens.

Nominating which validator nodes should be part of the network.

Reef is backed by multiple leading funds and venture capitalists including NGC, QCP, Bitcoin.com, Kenetic Capital, LD Capital, TRG Capital, Krypital Group, Genesis Block, Woodstock Fund and others.

Reef Chain development tools include:

Remix and EVM integrated development environments for uploading and deploying smart contracts.

Reefscan blockchain explorer to assist with deploying validators, bonding and nominating validators, debugging contracts, and understanding network performance.

Reef command line tools that allow developers deploy applications from local environments.

Reef wallet for accessing and interacting with the blockchain