## کمپاؤنڈ (COMP) کیا ہے؟

کمپاؤنڈ [DeFi](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-decentralized-finance) قرض دینے والا ایک پروٹوکول ہے، جو صارفین کو اُنکی اپنی کریپٹو کرنسیاں، مُتعدد پولز میں سے کسی ایک پُول میں جمع کروا کے، جسے یہ پلیٹ فارم سپورٹ کرتا ہو، مُنافع حاصل کرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔

جب کوئی صارف کمپاؤنڈ پول میں ٹوکن جمع کرواتا ہے، تو اسکے عوض اُسے cTokens حاصل ہوتے ہیں۔ cTokens پول میں کسی فرد کے حصص کی نمائندگی کرتے ہیں، اور انہیں کسی بھی وقت پول میں ابتدائی طور پر جمع کروائی گئی زیر بحث کریپٹو کرنسی بحال کروانے کے لیے استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ مثال کے طور پر، ETH کو پول میں جمع کروا کے، بدلے میں آپ کو cETH ملے گا۔ وقت گزرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ، بنیادی اثاثہ میں ان cTokens کی شرح تبادلہ بڑھتی رہتی ہے، جس کا مطلب ہے کہ آپ ابتدائی طور پر ڈالے گئے زیادہ تر زیر بحث اثاثوں کے لیے انہیں بحال نہیں کروا سکتے ہیں — یہ وہ طریق کار ہے جس کے تحت مُنافع کی تقسیم کی جاتی ہے۔

دوسری جانب، قرض لینے والے، ضمانت جمع کروا کے ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ کے پول سے محفوظ قرضہ لے سکتے ہیں۔ پہلو-بہ-پہلو اثاثہ کی بنیاد پر، زیادہ سے زیادہ لون-ٹو-ویلیو (LTV) تناسب میں تبدیلی آتی رہتی ہے، لیکن فی الحال یہ 50 سے 75% تک ہے۔ ادا کردہ سود کی شرح ادھار اثاثہ کے لحاظ سے بدلتی ہے، اوراگر ان کا ضامن ایک مخصوص مینٹیننس-حد سے نیچے آجائے، تو قرضداروں کو خودکار لیکویڈیشن کا سامنا کرنا پڑ سکتا ہے۔

ستمبر سن 2018 میں ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ مین-نیٹ کے آغاز کے بعد سے، یہ پلیٹ فارم مقبولیت کی بلندیوں کو چُھو رہا ہے، اور حال ہی میں اس نے ٹوٹل-لاکڈ-ویلیو کے حوالے سے $800 ملین سے زیادہ کی حد کو پار کیا ہے۔

### ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ کے بانی کون ہیں؟

’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ کی بنیاد Robert Leshner اور Geoffrey Hayes نے سن 2017 میں رکھی۔ دونوں نے کام کا آغاز Postmates — ایک آن-لائن فوڈ ڈیلیوری سروس — میں بالائی درجہ کی پوزیشنز پر فائز رہتے ہوئے خدمات انجام دیں۔ دونوں، Compound Labs, Inc — ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ پروٹوکول کی پشت پناہ سافٹ ویئر ڈویلپمنٹ فرم، جس میں Leshner فی الحال، CEO کے طور پر، اور CTO ،Hayes کے ایگزیکٹو عہدوں پر کام جاری رکھے ہوئے ہیں۔

اگرچہ دونوں کو بحیثیت بانی، کامیاب کمپنیوں کی بنیاد رکھنے کا تجربہ حاصل ہے، تاہم خاص طور پر Robert Leshner، [بلاک چین](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) کی گُنجائش کو مزید وسعت دینے میں معاونت کے لیے سرگرم رہے ہیں۔ انہوں نے Argent Wallet، Opyn، اور Blockfolio سمیت مقبول کرپٹو پلیٹ فارمز میں عوامی سطح پر سرمایہ کاری کی ہے۔

اب ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ کی ٹیم ایک درجن سے بھی زیادہ افراد پر مشتمل ہے — جن میں سے تقریباً نصف تعداد انجینئرز کی حیثیت سے مصروف عمل ہے۔

### کیا چیز ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ کو منفرد بناتی ہے؟

’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ کے مطابق، کرپٹو کرنسیوں کی اکثریت اپنے ہولڈرز کے کام آئے بغیر، ایکسچینج پلیٹ فارمز پر بیکار پڑی رہتی ہے۔ ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ اپنے کھلے قرض دینے والے پلیٹ فارم کے ذریعے اس صورت حال کو تبدیل کرنے کی کوشش کر رہا ہے، اور ہر اُس شخص کو، جو معاونت شدہ Ethereum ٹوکنز جمع کروائے؛ باآسانی محفوظ قرض لینے، یا اپنے بیلنس پر مُنافع حاصل کرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے — سب کامِلاً بلا-اعتبار طریق کار کے ذریعے۔

’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ کی کمیونٹی-حاکمیت، اسکو اپنے جیسے دیگر پروٹوکولز کے مُقابلے میں جُداگانہ درجہ دیتی ہے۔ پلیٹ فارم کے مقامی حاکمیتی ٹوکن رکھنے والے — COMP — کے پروٹوکول میں تبدیلیاں تجویز کر سکتے ہیں، بحث کر سکتے ہیں اوران معاملات پر ووٹ دے سکتے ہیں کہ آیا دوسروں کی تجویز کردہ تبدیلیوں پر عمل درآمد کیا جائے یا نہ — ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ ٹیم کی شمولیت کے بغیر۔ اس میں ان باتوں کا انتخاب بھی شامل ہو سکتا ہے کہ، کن کریپٹو کرنسیوں کو ضمانت کے عوامل ایڈجسٹ کرنے، اور COMP ٹوکنز کی تقسیم کے طریق کار میں تبدیلیاں کرنے کے حوالے سے سپورٹ فراہم کی جائے۔

یہ COMP ٹوکنز فریقِ-ثالث کے ایکسچینجز سے خریدے یا ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ پروٹوکول کے ساتھ رابطہ کر کے حاصل کیے جا سکتے ہیں، جیسے کہ اثاثے جمع کروا کے یا قرضہ لے کر۔

#### متعلقہ صفحات:

[Aave](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/aave/) کے بارے میں جانیے — ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ کے سب سے بڑے حریفوں میں سے ایک۔

[yearn.finance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/yearn-finance/) کے بارے میں پڑھیے — پیداواری فارمنگ کے حوالے سے ابتدائی پروٹوکولز میں سے ایک۔

کیا آپ کرپٹو کے بارے میں اپنے علم کو بڑھانا چاہتے ہیں؟ [CMC الیگزینڈریا](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/) مُلاحظہ کیجیے۔

صنعت کی تازہ ترین خبروں اور واقعات کے بارے میں تازہ ترین باتیں جاننے کے لیے ہمارے [بلاگ](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/) کا مُطالعہ کیجیے۔

### فی الوقت کُل کتنے ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ (COMP) کوائنز گردش میں ہیں؟

بہت سے ڈیجیٹل اثاثوں کی طرح، COMP ٹوکن کی صرف ایک مقررہ تعداد ہی وجود میں آئے گی۔ کل سپلائی 10 ملین COMP تک محدود ہے اور یہ تحریر لکھتے وقت تک، اس تعداد کا ایک تہائی سے بھی کم گردش میں ہے (~3.3 ملین)۔

ان 10 ملین ٹوکنز میں سے صرف 4.2 ملین ٹوکن ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ صارفین کو 4 سال کی مدت کے دوران تقسیم کیے جائیں گے۔ دوسری سب سے بڑی تخصیص(تقریباً 2.4 ملین COMP)، Compound Labs, Inc کے شیئر ہولڈرز کو جاتی ہے، جب کہ 2.2 ملین ٹوکنز ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ کے بانی اور موجودہ ٹیم کو 4 سال کے ویسٹنگ شیڈول کے ذریعے تقسیم کیے جائیں گے۔

آخر میں، 775,000 COMP کمیونٹی حاکمیت کی ترغیبات کے لیے مختص ہیں، اور بقیہ 332,000 ٹوکنز آئندہ ٹیم کے اراکین کے لیے مختص کیے جائیں گے۔

COMP کے اخراج کی کامل شرح گذرتے وقت کے ساتھ تبدیلی سے مشروط ہے، کیونکہ ووٹرز [کمیونیٹی کی حاکمیت](https://medium.com/compound-finance/compound-governance-decentralized-b18659f811e0) کے ذریعے ایک تجویز پاس کر کے، اخراج کی شرح کو بڑھانے یا کم کرنے کے صلاحیت رکھتے ہیں۔

### ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ نیٹ ورک کیسے محفوظ بنایا جاتا ہے؟

’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ پر موجود ہر چیز کو [سمارٹ کونٹریکٹس](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) کے ذریعے خود بخود سنبھال لیا جاتا ہے، جو [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ethereum/) اور[ERC20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20) اثاثوں کے جمع ہو جانے کے بعد cTokens مِنٹ (mint) کرنے کے لیے کام کرتے ہیں، اور ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ صارفین کو اُنکے cTokens کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے اپنا حصہ بحال کراوانے کی اجازت دیتے ہیں۔

یہ پروٹوکول پلیٹ فارم کے ذریعے تعاون یافتہ تمام اثاثوں کے لیے ایک ضامن عنصر نافذ کرتا ہے، اور اس بات کو یقینی بناتا ہے کہ ہر پُول، ہمہ-وقت اچھی طرح ضمانت یافتہ حالت میں ہے۔ اگر ضمانتی دیکھ بھال، کم از کم سطح سے نیچے آ جائے، تو اسے 5% رعایت پر، کچھ قرض ادا کرنے کی صورت میں، اور بقیہ ایک قابل قبول ضمانتی عنصر کو واپسی کی شکل میں، لیکویڈیٹروں (liquidators) کے ہاتھ فروخت کر دیا جائے گا۔۔

یہ انتظام اس بات کو یقینی بنانے میں مدد کرتا ہے کہ قرض دہندگان اپنی ضمانت کی سطح کو برقرار رکھیں، قرض دہندگان کے لیے حفاظتی جال فراہم کریں، اور لیکویڈیٹرز کے لیے کمائی کا موقع پیدا کریں۔

### آپ ’’کمپاؤنڈ‘‘ (COMP) کہاں سے خرید سکتے ہیں؟

COMP فی الحال سینکڑوں کرپٹو کرنسی ایکسچینج پلیٹ فارمز پر تجارت کے لیے دستیاب ہے، بشمول [Coinbase Pro](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/coinbase-pro/) نیز [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/binance/) اور [Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/huobi-global/)۔ اس کی تجارت زیادہ تر دیگر مشہور کرپٹو کرنسیوں کے ساتھ ساتھ، فیاٹ کرنسیوں کی ایک طویل سلسلے پر بھی کی جا سکتی ہے، بشمول امریکی ڈالر (USD)، ہندوستانی روپیہ (INR) اور آسٹریلین ڈالر (AUD)۔

کیا آپ فیاٹ کو COMP جیسی کریپٹو کرنسی میں تبدیل کرنے کے حوالے سے بے یقینی کا شکار ہیں؟ مزید جانیے [یہاں](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/)۔

✅ Update: Thanks to the tenacious efforts of so many in the community, the 

 website is once again secure. Please always remain vigilant in clicking links to avoid phishing scams.

Make sure to restart your browser to ensure visiting the proper website. If the URL is not 

As we noted, the issue did not impact the protocol; and no smart contracts were compromised.

We will provide further details on the investigation soon.

This is our final message // end of tweet.

✅ Update: Thanks to the tenacious efforts of so many in the community, the https://t.co/oS0gZ0MNpl website is once again secure. Please always remain vigilant in clicking links to avoid phishing scams.

Make sure to restart your browser to ensure visiting the proper website. If the URL is not https://t.co/oS0gZ0MNpl, https://t.co/UnZIqPyh99 or https://t.co/odX2uvkout, it is not a Compound Labs website.
As we noted, the issue did not impact the protocol; and no smart contracts were compromised.

We will provide further details on the investigation soon.

This is our final message // end of tweet.

Week in DeFi: Lending Protocols Ship, a Bustling Cosmos and Proof-of-Innocence

A Complete Guide to Making Passive Income With Lending 

Breaking: Robinhood Lists SHIBA INU

Who Is Andre Cronje?

How Much Are People Paying to Use Crypto

Binance

Compound

Ledger

Coinbase

Safepal

HyperPay

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Binance Chain Wallet

SolFlare

Backpack

Phantom

Atomic wallet

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Pepe

ApeCoin

PAX Gold

Blur

Memecoin

Golem

LayerZero

Galxe

Safe

Livepeer

1ex Trading Board

OmniCat

Unagi Token

lmeow

Musk Dao

Aave

Maker (MKR) is the governance token of the MakerDAO and Maker Protocol — respectively a decentralized organization and a software platform, both based on the Ethereum blockchain — that allows users to issue and manage the DAI stablecoin.

Initially conceived in 2015 and fully launched in December 2017, Maker is a project whose task is to operate DAI, a community-managed decentralized cryptocurrency with a stable value soft-pegged to the US dollar.

MKR tokens act as a kind of voting share for the organization that manages DAI; while they do not pay dividends to their holders, they do give the holders voting rights over the development of Maker Protocol and are expected to appreciate in value in accordance with the success of DAI itself.

The Maker ecosystem is one of the earliest projects on the decentralized finance (DeFi) scene: the industry that seeks to build decentralized financial products on top of smart-contract-enabled blockchains, such as Ethereum.

Maker

Yearn.finance is an aggregator service for decentralized finance (DeFi) investors, using automation to allow them to maximize profits from yield farming.

Its goal is to simplify the ever-expanding DeFi space for investors who are not technically minded or who wish to interact in a less committal manner than serious traders.

Launched in February 2020, the service, formerly known as iEarn, has seen huge growth in recent months as new products debuted and developers released in-house token YFI.

yearn.finance

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.

Launched in January 2020, Curve is now synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) phenomenon, and has seen significant growth in the second half of 2020.

In August, Curve launched a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), with CRV as its in-house token. The DAO uses Ethereum-based creation tool Aragon to connect multiple smart contracts used for users’ deposited liquidity. Issues such as governance, however, differ from Aragon in their weighting and other respects.

Curve DAO Token

Self-described as "Polkadot's wild cousin," Kusama is an experimental blockchain platform that is designed to provide a massively interoperable and scalable framework for developers.

Kusama is built on Substrate — a blockchain building kit developed by Parity Technologies. Kusama has almost the same codebase as Polkadot — one of the most successful interoperable blockchains.

By deploying on Kusama, fast-paced projects gain access to a highly scalable, interoperable sharded network, with features that are not yet available on Polkadot. To that end, Kusama describes itself as a “canary network.”

The platform is designed to provide a testbed for developers looking to innovate and deploy their own blockchain and can be used as a preparatory network before launching on Polkadot — though many projects opt to stick with Kusama for their final product.

Kusama benefits from a low barrier to entry for deploying parachains, low bond requirements for validators, and is most commonly used by early-stage startups and for experimentation.

Kusama

SushiSwap (SUSHI) is an example of an automated market maker (AMM). An increasingly popular tool among cryptocurrency users, AMMs are decentralized exchanges which use smart contracts to create markets for any given pair of tokens.

SushiSwap launched in September 2020 as a fork of Uniswap, the AMM which has become synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) movement and associated trading boom in DeFi tokens.

SushiSwap aims to diversify the AMM market and also add additional features not previously present on Uniswap, such as increased rewards for network participants via its in-house token, SUSHI.

SushiSwap

Uniswap is a popular decentralized trading protocol, known for its role in facilitating automated trading of decentralized finance (DeFi) tokens.

An example of an automated market maker (AMM), Uniswap launched in November 2018, but has gained considerable popularity this year thanks to the DeFi phenomenon and associated surge in token trading.

Uniswap aims to keep token trading automated and completely open to anyone who holds tokens, while improving the efficiency of trading versus that on traditional exchanges.

Uniswap creates more efficiency by solving liquidity issues with automated solutions, avoiding the problems which plagued the first decentralized exchanges.

In September 2020, Uniswap went a step further by creating and awarding its own governance token, UNI, to past users of the protocol. This added both profitability potential and the ability for users to shape its future — an attractive aspect of decentralized entities.

Uniswap

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

The 1inch Network unites decentralized protocols whose synergy enables the most lucrative, fastest, and protected operations in the DeFi space.

The 1inch Network's first protocol is a decentralized exchange (DEX) aggregator solution that searches deals across multiple liquidity sources, offering users better rates than any individual exchange. The 1inch Aggregation Protocol incorporates the Pathfinder algorithm for finding the best paths across over 400+ liquidity sources on 12 chains: Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Avalanche, Optimism, Arbitrum, Fantom, Gnosis Chain, Klaytn, Aurora, zkSync and Base.

In just over two years the 1inch DEX aggregator has reached 1M users and surpassed $150B in overall volume on the Ethereum network alone.

The 1inch Limit Order Protocol facilitates the most innovative and flexible limit order swap opportunities in DeFi. The protocol’s features, such as dynamic pricing, conditional orders, and extra RFQ support, power various implementations, including stop-loss and trailing stop orders, as well as auctions.

The 1inch Wallet is a multichain mobile platform that provides an easy-to-navigate interface with secure storing, transaction, and staking capabilities. This versatile wallet was built from the ground up to streamline interacting with 1inch’s features.

The 1INCH token is the governance and utility token of the 1inch Network. 1INCH holders can stake their tokens to participate in the 1inch Network's DAO governance, including the 1inch DAO Treasury management. Also, holders can choose resolvers and earn a part of their fees.

With the 1inch Fusion, users can stake 1INCH tokens to receive Unicorn Power (UP), then subsequently delegate their UP to any 1inch Fusion Resolver to start receiving rewards from them. When staking, there is the option to set a custom or preset lock period. User’s st1INCH tokens cannot be unstaked/withdrawn without penalty until the designated lock period expires.

In December 2020, 1inch raised $12 million in Series A funding, led by Pantera Capital, with others including ParaFi Capital, Blockchain Capital, Nima Capital, and Spartan Group. The funding round was conducted through a SAFT (simple agreement for future tokens) sale.

In December 2021, 1inch has closed a $175 million Series B round, led by Amber Group. Among about 50 investors that participated in the funding event are Jane Street, VanEck, Fenbushi Capital, Alameda Research, Celsius, Nexo, Tribe Capital and Gemini Frontier Fund.

1inch Network

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.

Filecoin

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Flow

Balancer is an automated market maker (AMM) that was developed on the Ethereum blockchain and launched in March 2020. It was able to raise a $3M seed round by Placeholder and Accomplice. Balancer protocol functions as a self-balancing weighted portfolio, price sensor and liquidity provider. It allows users to earn profits through its recently introduced token ($BAL) by contributing to customizable liquidity pools.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Balancer(https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-balancer.

The protocol operates a few types of pools:

Private pools give the owner governance over the pool, and make the person the sole contributor of liquidity to the pool. Also, all the parameters are mutable by the owner.

Shared pools are for those who want to become liquidity providers (LPs). The LPs are rewarded with the Balancer Pool Tokens (BPTs).

Smart pools are similar to private pools but are controlled by a smart contract. They also reward using BPTs and allow anyone to contribute liquidity to the pool.

Balancer

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

Basic Attention Token

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. EOS is fully decentralized power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Zcash is a decentralized cryptocurrency focused on privacy and anonymity. It uses the zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proof technology that allows nodes on the network to verify transactions without revealing any sensitive information about those transactions.

Contrary to a common misunderstanding, the majority of cryptocurrencies on the market, including Bitcoin (BTC), are not anonymous, but rather pseudonymous; while they do not explicitly reveal the identities of their users, each user has their own public address or addresses which can be traced back to them via the methods of data science and blockchain forensics.

Zcash transactions, on the other hand, still have to be relayed via a public blockchain, but unlike pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, ZEC transactions by default do not reveal the sending and receiving addresses or the amount being sent. There is an option, however, to reveal this data for the purposes of auditing or regulatory compliance.

Zcash was first released on October 28, 2016, and it was originally based on Bitcoin’s codebase.