What Happens in 51% Attacks?

What Is Censorship Resistance?

What Is GPU Mining?

Why Nobody Can Hack a Blockchain

## Bitcoin گولڈ(BTG) کیا ہے؟

Bitcoin گولڈ کی بنیاد سن 2017 میں [Bitcoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/bitcoin/) کے ایک ’’صارف-دوست متبادل‘‘ کے طور پر رکھی گئی تھی۔ BTG نیٹ-ورک کا مقصد Bitcoin [بلاک چین](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) کے تحفظ اور سخت جانی کو اس کی دیگر خصوصیات بمع تجربات اور ڈویلپمنٹ کے موقعوں کو آپس میں جوڑنا ہے۔

BTG بِٹ-کوئن سے قریبی مطابقت رکھنے والے بلاک چین کے ذریعے کریپٹو منڈی کو توسیع دینے کے ساتھ ستھ پُر کشش بھی بناتا ہے۔ لیکن یہ Bitcoin ہیش پاور جیسے وسائل کا استعمال کیے بغیر "حقیقی Bitcoin" ٹائٹل کے لیے کوشاں ہے۔ کمپنی کا مقصد Bitcoin کے نفاذ کی صلاحیتوں کا حامل ایک کوائن پیش کرنا ہے۔ تاہم، DeFi اور DApp ڈویلپرز کے لیے، اسی کوائن کو زیر استعمال رکھنے کے مواقعوں میں اضافہ کرنا بھی اس مقصد میں شامل ہے۔

### Bitcoin گولڈ کے بانی کون ہیں؟

Bitcoin گولڈ کی بنیاد، مختلف النّوع پس منظر اور مہارت رکھنے والے سرگرم لوگوں کے ایک گروپ نے رکھی تھی۔ [Hang Yin](https://www.linkedin.com/in/hang-yin-167012a7/) Bitcoin گولڈ کے شریک بانی اور لیڈ ڈویلپر ہیں۔ اُنہوں نے سن 2015 میں Fudan University سے کمپیوٹر سائنس میں گریجوئیشن کی. اُنکا پیشہ ورانہ کیریئر گریجویشن کے فوراً بعد شروع ہوا۔ سن 2015 کے آخر میں، Yin گوگل کے لیے سافٹ-ویئر انجینئر بن گئے۔ ٹیک دیو-قامت کمپنی میں 3 سال گُذارنے کے بعد، Hang Yin نے Bitcoin گولڈ کے آغاز کے ساتھ کاروباری فروغ کے میدان میں مُہم جُوئی کا فیصلہ کیا۔ اُنہوں نے سن 2018 میں HashForests کے قیام میں بھی حصہ لیا۔

[Martin Kuvandzhiev](https://www.linkedin.com/in/martin-kuvandzhiev-061615a2/) Bitcoin گولڈ کے دوسرے شریک بانی ہیں، نیز وہ کمپنی کے بورڈ ممبر بھی ہیں۔ اُنہوں نے Technical University of Sofia سے کمپیوٹر سافٹ-ویئر انجینئرنگ میں ڈگری کے ساتھ گریجویشن کی. McDonald میں فوڈ سروس ورکر کی حیثیت سے، اُنکے پیشہ ورانہ راستے کا آغاز ہوا۔ سن 2015 میں، وہ صوفیہ کی ٹیکنیکل یونیورسٹی میں اسسٹنٹ پروفیسر بن گئے، اور سن 2016 میں، اُنہوں نے phyre JSC میں لیڈ iOS ڈویلپر کے طور پر کام شروع کیا۔ سن 2017 میں شریک بانی کی حیثیت سے Bitcoin گولڈ کی بُنیاد رکھنے کے بعد، اُنہوں نے GoStartups.net کے نام سے ایک اور کمپنی کی ابتداء بھی کی ہے۔ Kuvandzhiev فی الحال Assetify کے CEO بھی ہیں۔

### وہ کیا چیز ہے جو Bitcoin گولڈ کو منفرد بناتی ہے؟

Bitcoin گولڈ اصل Bitcoin بلاک چین کی موروثی خصوصیات کا حامل، اور بلاک چین کی ڈویلپمنٹ نیز ایپلی کیشنز کے لیے ایک اختراعی نقطہ نظر پیش کرنے والا منفرد مجموعہ ہے۔ اصل Bitcoin ٹوکن کے ہارڈ فورک کے طور پر، BTG کا مقصد ایک نیا پروف-آف-ورک الگورتھم متعارف کروا کر، مائننگ کے عمل میں انقلاب برپا کرنا ہے۔ ایسا عمل جو اسکیل-ایبلٹی کے اُن مسائل کا مُقابلہ کرے، جن کے خلاف Bitcoin جدّ و جہد کرتا ہے۔

ایک اوپن سورس پروٹوکول کے طور پر Bitcoin، گولڈ ڈویلپرز کو بلاک چین کی حاکمیت اور ترقی میں آزادانہ حصہ لینے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔ کمپنی کے مطابق، یہ غیر مرکزیت کو آگے بڑھانے کے لیے نہ صرف ایک لازمی ضرورت، بلکہ ان اہم نکات میں سے ایک ہے جن میں Bitcoin جدوجہد کرتا ہے۔

Bitcoin گولڈ اصل کرپٹو کرنسی کے پہلے سخت فورکس (hard forks) میں سے ایک ہے، جس نے ادارہ جاتی اور کاروباری سرمایہ کاروں کی توجہ اپنی جانب مبذول کروائی۔ BTG بہت متعدد اقسام کے ایکسچینجز پر، ساتھ ہی ساتھ سویپ-سروسز اور والیٹس میں دستیاب ہے۔ آخر میں، Bitcoin گولڈ کو کئی آن-لائن براؤزرز اور سروس فراہم کنندگان نے فعال طور پر اپنا لیا ہے۔

#### متعلقہ صفحات:

[SafeYield](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/safeyield/) کے بارے میں مزید پڑھیے۔

[DCTDAO](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/dctdao/) کے بارے میں مزید جانیے۔

[GPU mining](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-gpu-mining) کے بارے میں مزید جانیے۔

[CoinMarketCap کا بلاگ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog) ملاحظہ کریں۔

### کُل کتنے Bitcoin گولڈ کوائن (BTG) گردش میں ہیں؟

Bitcoin گولڈ زیادہ سے زیادہ 21,000,000 BTG ٹوکنز، اور کل سپلائی 17,513,924 BTG ٹوکنز پر مشتمل ہے۔ موجودہ گردشی سپلائی کل سپلائی کے برابر ہے۔

BTG ٹوکنز کی کل رقم میں سے، 30% بلاک چین اور پروجیکٹ کی ترقی کی جانب گیا۔ مزید 15% ایکو سسٹم سپورٹ اور ڈیولپمنٹ کے لیے مختص کیے گئے، اور دیگر 15% BTG کمیونٹی میں تقسیم کیے گئے۔ کل BTG ٹوکن سپلائی کا تقریباً 20% سالانہ اخراجات کے لیے وقف کیا گیا۔ تقریباً 7% BTG ٹوکنز، انعامات اور ایپ کی ہمکاری کے لیے مختص کیے گئے، جبکہ مزید 5% بانی-ٹیم کو انعامات دینے کے لیے رکھے گئے۔ بقیہ 8% ٹوکنز پری-فورک لاگت، اور کمیونٹی ڈویلپمنٹ کو پورا کرنے کے لیے دئے گئے۔

### Bitcoin گولڈ نیٹ-ورک کو کس طرح محفوظ بنایا جاتا ہے؟

Bitcoin کے ہارڈ فورک کی حیثیت سے اس کا انحصار پروف-آف-ورک ([PoW](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-work-pow)) اتفاق رائے والے مکینزم پر ہے۔ تاہم، BTG کے اہم اہداف میں سے ایک Equihash PoW متعارف کروا کر مائننگ کے عمل میں انقلاب برپا کرنا تھا، جو Bitcoin بلاک چین کے برعکس مائننگ کے لیے [GPUs](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/graphical-processing-unit-gpu) کی حمایت کرتا ہے۔

جبکہ بنیادی طور پر Bitcoin ایپلی کیشن سے متعلق مربوط سرکٹ ([ASIC](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/asic)) مائینرز پر انحصار کرتا ہے؛ Equihash کا یہ ورژن اُس میموری سے زیادہ استعمال کرتا ہے، جو کسی ASIC کی جانب سے ممکن ہو، لیکن بہت سے گرافکس کارڈز پر یہ ٹھیک چلتا ہے۔ [Ethereum بلاک چین](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ethereum/) کے برعکس، جو پروف-آف-اسٹیک ([PoS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-stake-pos)) میکانزم پر انحصار کرتا ہے اور اسٹیک ہولڈرز کی حمایت کرتا ہے، Bitcoin گولڈ مائنرز کی پروسیسنگ پاور کو اہمیت دیتا ہے۔

### آپ Bitcoin گولڈ (BTG) کہاں سے خرید سکتے ہیں؟

Bitcoin کے پہلے ہارڈ فورک میں سے ایک کے طور پر، BTG مختلف ایکسچینجز پر دستیاب ہے۔ [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/binance/) ان میں سے ایک ہے، لیکن دیگر اچھے ایکسچینجز بھی ان میں شامل ہیں:

* [Bithumb بِٹ-تھمب](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/bithumb/)
* [Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/huobi-global/)
* [Bitfinex](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/bitfinex/)

کریپٹوز خریدنے کے حوالے سے [مزید معلومات یہاں سے حاصل کیجیے](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/)۔

Bitcoin Gold

Ledger

Atomic wallet

Welcome to Bitcoin Gold's Community channel aggregated by CoinMarketCap.

Bitcoin SV (BSV) emerged following a hard fork of the Bitcoin Cash (BCH) blockchain in 2018, which had in turn forked from the BTC blockchain a year earlier following the blocksize wars.

BSV claims to fulfill the original vision of the Bitcoin protocol and design as described in Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper, early Bitcoin client software and known Satoshi writings. BSV aims to offer scalability and stability in line with the original description of Bitcoin as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system, as well as deliver a distributed data network that can support enterprise-level advanced blockchain applications.

To this end, it has removed artificial block size limits and re-enabled Script commands and other technical capabilities which had been historically disabled or restricted by the protocol developers of the BTC blockchain. This purportedly allows the network to process tens of thousands of transactions per second while maintaining extremely low transaction fees for micropayments, in addition to offering advanced capabilities such as tokens, smart contracts, computation and other data use cases.

The BSV network claims to be unique in its capacity for unbounded on-chain scaling while also being more aligned with the original design of Bitcoin than any other blockchain.

Bitcoin SV

Zcash is a decentralized cryptocurrency focused on privacy and anonymity. It uses the zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proof technology that allows nodes on the network to verify transactions without revealing any sensitive information about those transactions.

Contrary to a common misunderstanding, the majority of cryptocurrencies on the market, including Bitcoin (BTC), are not anonymous, but rather pseudonymous; while they do not explicitly reveal the identities of their users, each user has their own public address or addresses which can be traced back to them via the methods of data science and blockchain forensics.

Zcash transactions, on the other hand, still have to be relayed via a public blockchain, but unlike pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, ZEC transactions by default do not reveal the sending and receiving addresses or the amount being sent. There is an option, however, to reveal this data for the purposes of auditing or regulatory compliance.

Zcash was first released on October 28, 2016, and it was originally based on Bitcoin’s codebase.

Zcash

Ethereum Classic (ETC) is the original Ethereum (ETH) blockchain that launched in July 2015. Its main function is as a smart contract network, with the ability to host and support decentralized applications (DApps). Its native token is ETC.

Since its launch, Ethereum Classic has sought to differentiate itself from Ethereum, with the two networks’ technical roadmap diverging further and further from each other with time.

Ethereum Classic first set out to preserve the integrity of the existing Ethereum blockchain after a major hacking event led to the theft of 3.6 million ETH.

Ethereum Classic

Bitcoin Cash (BCH) is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that aims to become sound global money with fast payments, micro fees, privacy and larger block size. As a permissionless, decentralized cryptocurrency, Bitcoin Cash requires no trusted third parties.

Bitcoin Cash was created as an alternative to the first and most valuable cryptocurrency — Bitcoin (BTC). In 2017, BCH developers modified the BTC code, releasing their software version and a full-fledged competitive product, which split Bitcoin into two blockchains: Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash. Bitcoin Cash is a result of a hard fork in the blockchain due to differences in the community over Bitcoin scaling and the SegWit upgrade. Moreover, another hard fork, which divided Bitcoin Cash into two parts, Bitcoin ABC and Bitcoin SV, took place in the fall of 2018.

The scaling debate involved two sides: small block supporters opposed increasing block size as it could lead to blockchain centralization and vulnerability by making it harder to host full nodes. Large block supporters, however, advocated for a faster solution, concerned that rising transaction fees could hinder growth.

Bitcoin Cash

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Decred is Money Evolved.

By combining battle tested Proof-of-Work with an innovative take on Proof-of-Stake that places coin holders in charge of shaping the future, Decred is able to adapt to challenges and innovate at a rapid pace. You acquire influence in Decred by putting “skin in the game”.

Decred’s security, privacy, scalability, and decentralized treasury empower stakeholders and provides them with the tools needed to enhance their financial sovereignty.

Decred

NEM is a blockchain platform that was launched in March of 2015. It was one of the pioneers of the cryptocurrency industry, and sought to improve on the imperfections found on other chains at the time. It was one of the first non-turing complete chains to feature user-defined tokens (called mosaics), namespaces, multisignature accounts, and a P2P reputation system based on EigenTrust++. Its most notable contribution to the space is the proof-of-importance consensus mechanism, which sought to reward on-chain activity and deter the concentration of wealth commonly associated with proof-of-stake. Its client, NIS, is written in Java.

NEM has a global community. It sees the most utility as an alternative form of payment for businesses and vendors, and has a variety of social media apps built on top of it in Japan, such as nemgraph, a community-driven owned and operated alternative to Instagram.

In December 2021, NEM was hard forked by a pseudonymous team of cryptocurrency experts and enthusiasts alike. Titled Harlock, this hard fork signaled the community’s intent to take NEM from a shadow of its former self into the world’s leading payments platform for on-chain and off-chain media content.

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

Ravencoin is a digital peer-to-peer (P2P) network that aims to implement a use case specific blockchain, designed to efficiently handle one specific function: the transfer of assets from one party to another. Built on a fork of the Bitcoin code, Ravencoin was announced on Oct. 31, 2017 and released binaries for mining on Jan. 3, 2018 with what is called a fair launch: no premine, ICO or masternodes. It was named in reference to a TV show Game of Thrones.

Ravencoin

Monero was launched in 2014, and its goal is simple: to allow transactions to take place privately and with anonymity. Even though it’s commonly thought that BTC can conceal a person’s identity, it’s often easy to trace payments back to their original source because blockchains are transparent. On the other hand, XMR is designed to obscure senders and recipients alike through the use of advanced cryptography.

The team behind Monero say privacy and security are their biggest priorities, with ease of use and efficiency coming second. It aims to provide protection to all users — irrespective of how technologically competent they are.

Overall, XMR aims to allow payments to be made quickly and inexpensively without fear of censorship.

Monero

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. Due to the decentralized nature of the token distribution on EOS, power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Gnosis (GNO) builds decentralized infrastructure on Ethereum. Its mission has always been centered on experimentation and building decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem. When Gnosis was founded in 2015, it focused on building prediction markets to enable worldwide access to accurate information. While creating the prediction market platform, it became clear that Gnosis needed to build the infrastructure required to support it. Gnosis Safe, for example, was born of necessity.

Gnosis operates as a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) which provides infrastructure for various types of decentralized applications (dApps), and builds products to transparently guide decisions on the development, support and governance of its ecosystem.

In November 2021, both the xDAI and GnosisDAO community voted to combine their vibrant ecosystems to create the Gnosis Chain: An Ethereum forerunner-companion that addresses scaling issues through solid engineering.

Gnosis

Lisk is striving to on-board 100,000,000 users into crypto and web3 by offering an accessible blockchain application platform and an industry leading JavaScript SDK.

Released in 2019, the Lisk SDK enables developers to build application-specific blockchains entirely in JavaScript, the most widely used programming language in the world. To get a deep-dive into the Lisk SDK, please visit the Lisk SDK documentation or watch Lisk.js 2019 and Lisk.js 2022.

To be released in 2022, the Lisk blockchain application platform allows interoperability between all application-specific blockchains built with the Lisk SDK. With other words, users will be able to use DeFi, NFT or Metaverse blockchain applications on Lisk.

To better understand why Lisk is important watch the following videos: The Case for Lisk and The Ultimate Vision for Lisk.

If you are curious about Lisk’s history and journey, watch Looking Back on Lisk.

The Lisk project is managed by the Lisk Foundation, a non-profit entity based in Zug, Switzerland. A local team of experts specialized in law and finance, as well as yearly audits, ensure the proper handling of funds and regulatory compliance under the supervision of the Swiss Federal Foundation Supervisory Authority (ESA, Eidgenössische Stiftungsaufsicht).

The Lisk products are developed by the Lightcurve GmbH, a Berlin based blockchain studio. With a team of over 40 blockchain experts, Lightcurve is researching, developing and promoting the Lisk SDK and the Lisk blockchain application platform.

Lisk

Yearn.finance is an aggregator service for decentralized finance (DeFi) investors, using automation to allow them to maximize profits from yield farming.

Its goal is to simplify the ever-expanding DeFi space for investors who are not technically minded or who wish to interact in a less committal manner than serious traders.

Launched in February 2020, the service, formerly known as iEarn, has seen huge growth in recent months as new products debuted and developers released in-house token YFI.

yearn.finance

Apps use ICON to operate cross-chain seamlessly, build momentum and gain reputation. ICON's Cross-Chain Framework simplifies cross-chain development with its easy-to-use xCall messaging standard and connections to secure bridging protocols.

ICON

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

DigiByte (DGB) is an open source blockchain and asset creation platform. Development began in October 2013 and the genesis block of its DGB token was mined in January 2014 as a fork of Bitcoin (BTC).

A longstanding public blockchain and cryptocurrency, DigiByte uses five different algorithms to improve security, and originally aimed to improve on the Bitcoin blockchain’s security, capacity and transaction speed.

DigiByte consists of three layers: a smart contract “App Store,” a public ledger and the core protocol featuring nodes communicating to relay transactions.

DigiByte

Waves is a multi-purpose blockchain platform which supports various use cases including decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts.

Launched in June 2016 following one of the cryptocurrency industry’s earliest initial coin offerings (ICO), Waves initially set out to improve on the first blockchain platforms by increasing speed, utility and user-friendliness.

The platform has undergone various changes and added new spin-off features to build on its original design.

Waves’ native token is WAVES, an uncapped supply token used for standard payments such as block rewards.

Waves

Siacoin (SC) is the native utility token of Sia, a blockchain-based distributed, decentralized cloud storage platform. Sia acts as a secure, trustless marketplace for cloud storage in which users can lease access to their unused storage space. Agreements and transactions are enforced with smart contracts, and Siacoin is the medium of exchange for paying for storage on the network. The main goal of the project is to become the "backbone storage layer of the internet."

Sia was originally announced in May 2014 before being revised and re-announced a year later in May 2015. It officially launched in June 2015.