What Happens in 51% Attacks?

What Is Censorship Resistance?

What Is GPU Mining?

Why Nobody Can Hack a Blockchain

## Bitcoin گولڈ(BTG) کیا ہے؟

Bitcoin گولڈ کی بنیاد سن 2017 میں [Bitcoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/bitcoin/) کے ایک ’’صارف-دوست متبادل‘‘ کے طور پر رکھی گئی تھی۔ BTG نیٹ-ورک کا مقصد Bitcoin [بلاک چین](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) کے تحفظ اور سخت جانی کو اس کی دیگر خصوصیات بمع تجربات اور ڈویلپمنٹ کے موقعوں کو آپس میں جوڑنا ہے۔

BTG بِٹ-کوئن سے قریبی مطابقت رکھنے والے بلاک چین کے ذریعے کریپٹو منڈی کو توسیع دینے کے ساتھ ستھ پُر کشش بھی بناتا ہے۔ لیکن یہ Bitcoin ہیش پاور جیسے وسائل کا استعمال کیے بغیر "حقیقی Bitcoin" ٹائٹل کے لیے کوشاں ہے۔ کمپنی کا مقصد Bitcoin کے نفاذ کی صلاحیتوں کا حامل ایک کوائن پیش کرنا ہے۔ تاہم، DeFi اور DApp ڈویلپرز کے لیے، اسی کوائن کو زیر استعمال رکھنے کے مواقعوں میں اضافہ کرنا بھی اس مقصد میں شامل ہے۔

### Bitcoin گولڈ کے بانی کون ہیں؟

Bitcoin گولڈ کی بنیاد، مختلف النّوع پس منظر اور مہارت رکھنے والے سرگرم لوگوں کے ایک گروپ نے رکھی تھی۔ [Hang Yin](https://www.linkedin.com/in/hang-yin-167012a7/) Bitcoin گولڈ کے شریک بانی اور لیڈ ڈویلپر ہیں۔ اُنہوں نے سن 2015 میں Fudan University سے کمپیوٹر سائنس میں گریجوئیشن کی. اُنکا پیشہ ورانہ کیریئر گریجویشن کے فوراً بعد شروع ہوا۔ سن 2015 کے آخر میں، Yin گوگل کے لیے سافٹ-ویئر انجینئر بن گئے۔ ٹیک دیو-قامت کمپنی میں 3 سال گُذارنے کے بعد، Hang Yin نے Bitcoin گولڈ کے آغاز کے ساتھ کاروباری فروغ کے میدان میں مُہم جُوئی کا فیصلہ کیا۔ اُنہوں نے سن 2018 میں HashForests کے قیام میں بھی حصہ لیا۔

[Martin Kuvandzhiev](https://www.linkedin.com/in/martin-kuvandzhiev-061615a2/) Bitcoin گولڈ کے دوسرے شریک بانی ہیں، نیز وہ کمپنی کے بورڈ ممبر بھی ہیں۔ اُنہوں نے Technical University of Sofia سے کمپیوٹر سافٹ-ویئر انجینئرنگ میں ڈگری کے ساتھ گریجویشن کی. McDonald میں فوڈ سروس ورکر کی حیثیت سے، اُنکے پیشہ ورانہ راستے کا آغاز ہوا۔ سن 2015 میں، وہ صوفیہ کی ٹیکنیکل یونیورسٹی میں اسسٹنٹ پروفیسر بن گئے، اور سن 2016 میں، اُنہوں نے phyre JSC میں لیڈ iOS ڈویلپر کے طور پر کام شروع کیا۔ سن 2017 میں شریک بانی کی حیثیت سے Bitcoin گولڈ کی بُنیاد رکھنے کے بعد، اُنہوں نے GoStartups.net کے نام سے ایک اور کمپنی کی ابتداء بھی کی ہے۔ Kuvandzhiev فی الحال Assetify کے CEO بھی ہیں۔

### وہ کیا چیز ہے جو Bitcoin گولڈ کو منفرد بناتی ہے؟

Bitcoin گولڈ اصل Bitcoin بلاک چین کی موروثی خصوصیات کا حامل، اور بلاک چین کی ڈویلپمنٹ نیز ایپلی کیشنز کے لیے ایک اختراعی نقطہ نظر پیش کرنے والا منفرد مجموعہ ہے۔ اصل Bitcoin ٹوکن کے ہارڈ فورک کے طور پر، BTG کا مقصد ایک نیا پروف-آف-ورک الگورتھم متعارف کروا کر، مائننگ کے عمل میں انقلاب برپا کرنا ہے۔ ایسا عمل جو اسکیل-ایبلٹی کے اُن مسائل کا مُقابلہ کرے، جن کے خلاف Bitcoin جدّ و جہد کرتا ہے۔

ایک اوپن سورس پروٹوکول کے طور پر Bitcoin، گولڈ ڈویلپرز کو بلاک چین کی حاکمیت اور ترقی میں آزادانہ حصہ لینے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔ کمپنی کے مطابق، یہ غیر مرکزیت کو آگے بڑھانے کے لیے نہ صرف ایک لازمی ضرورت، بلکہ ان اہم نکات میں سے ایک ہے جن میں Bitcoin جدوجہد کرتا ہے۔

Bitcoin گولڈ اصل کرپٹو کرنسی کے پہلے سخت فورکس (hard forks) میں سے ایک ہے، جس نے ادارہ جاتی اور کاروباری سرمایہ کاروں کی توجہ اپنی جانب مبذول کروائی۔ BTG بہت متعدد اقسام کے ایکسچینجز پر، ساتھ ہی ساتھ سویپ-سروسز اور والیٹس میں دستیاب ہے۔ آخر میں، Bitcoin گولڈ کو کئی آن-لائن براؤزرز اور سروس فراہم کنندگان نے فعال طور پر اپنا لیا ہے۔

#### متعلقہ صفحات:

[SafeYield](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/safeyield/) کے بارے میں مزید پڑھیے۔

[DCTDAO](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/dctdao/) کے بارے میں مزید جانیے۔

[GPU mining](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-gpu-mining) کے بارے میں مزید جانیے۔

[CoinMarketCap کا بلاگ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog) ملاحظہ کریں۔

### کُل کتنے Bitcoin گولڈ کوائن (BTG) گردش میں ہیں؟

Bitcoin گولڈ زیادہ سے زیادہ 21,000,000 BTG ٹوکنز، اور کل سپلائی 17,513,924 BTG ٹوکنز پر مشتمل ہے۔ موجودہ گردشی سپلائی کل سپلائی کے برابر ہے۔

BTG ٹوکنز کی کل رقم میں سے، 30% بلاک چین اور پروجیکٹ کی ترقی کی جانب گیا۔ مزید 15% ایکو سسٹم سپورٹ اور ڈیولپمنٹ کے لیے مختص کیے گئے، اور دیگر 15% BTG کمیونٹی میں تقسیم کیے گئے۔ کل BTG ٹوکن سپلائی کا تقریباً 20% سالانہ اخراجات کے لیے وقف کیا گیا۔ تقریباً 7% BTG ٹوکنز، انعامات اور ایپ کی ہمکاری کے لیے مختص کیے گئے، جبکہ مزید 5% بانی-ٹیم کو انعامات دینے کے لیے رکھے گئے۔ بقیہ 8% ٹوکنز پری-فورک لاگت، اور کمیونٹی ڈویلپمنٹ کو پورا کرنے کے لیے دئے گئے۔

### Bitcoin گولڈ نیٹ-ورک کو کس طرح محفوظ بنایا جاتا ہے؟

Bitcoin کے ہارڈ فورک کی حیثیت سے اس کا انحصار پروف-آف-ورک ([PoW](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-work-pow)) اتفاق رائے والے مکینزم پر ہے۔ تاہم، BTG کے اہم اہداف میں سے ایک Equihash PoW متعارف کروا کر مائننگ کے عمل میں انقلاب برپا کرنا تھا، جو Bitcoin بلاک چین کے برعکس مائننگ کے لیے [GPUs](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/graphical-processing-unit-gpu) کی حمایت کرتا ہے۔

جبکہ بنیادی طور پر Bitcoin ایپلی کیشن سے متعلق مربوط سرکٹ ([ASIC](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/asic)) مائینرز پر انحصار کرتا ہے؛ Equihash کا یہ ورژن اُس میموری سے زیادہ استعمال کرتا ہے، جو کسی ASIC کی جانب سے ممکن ہو، لیکن بہت سے گرافکس کارڈز پر یہ ٹھیک چلتا ہے۔ [Ethereum بلاک چین](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ethereum/) کے برعکس، جو پروف-آف-اسٹیک ([PoS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-stake-pos)) میکانزم پر انحصار کرتا ہے اور اسٹیک ہولڈرز کی حمایت کرتا ہے، Bitcoin گولڈ مائنرز کی پروسیسنگ پاور کو اہمیت دیتا ہے۔

### آپ Bitcoin گولڈ (BTG) کہاں سے خرید سکتے ہیں؟

Bitcoin کے پہلے ہارڈ فورک میں سے ایک کے طور پر، BTG مختلف ایکسچینجز پر دستیاب ہے۔ [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/binance/) ان میں سے ایک ہے، لیکن دیگر اچھے ایکسچینجز بھی ان میں شامل ہیں:

* [Bithumb بِٹ-تھمب](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/bithumb/)
* [Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/huobi-global/)
* [Bitfinex](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/bitfinex/)

کریپٹوز خریدنے کے حوالے سے [مزید معلومات یہاں سے حاصل کیجیے](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/)۔

Bitcoin Gold

Ledger

Atomic wallet

Welcome to Bitcoin Gold's Community channel aggregated by CoinMarketCap.

Bitcoin SV (BSV) emerged following a hard fork of the Bitcoin Cash (BCH) blockchain in 2018, which had in turn forked from the BTC blockchain a year earlier following the blocksize wars.

BSV claims to fulfill the original vision of the Bitcoin protocol and design as described in Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper, early Bitcoin client software and known Satoshi writings. BSV aims to offer scalability and stability in line with the original description of Bitcoin as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system, as well as deliver a distributed data network that can support enterprise-level advanced blockchain applications.

To this end, it has removed artificial block size limits and re-enabled Script commands and other technical capabilities which had been historically disabled or restricted by the protocol developers of the BTC blockchain. This purportedly allows the network to process tens of thousands of transactions per second while maintaining extremely low transaction fees for micropayments, in addition to offering advanced capabilities such as tokens, smart contracts, computation and other data use cases.

The BSV network claims to be unique in its capacity for unbounded on-chain scaling while also being more aligned with the original design of Bitcoin than any other blockchain.

Bitcoin SV

Bitcoin Cash (BCH) is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that aims to become sound global money with fast payments, micro fees, privacy and larger block size. As a permissionless, decentralized cryptocurrency, Bitcoin Cash requires no trusted third parties.

Bitcoin Cash was created as an alternative to the first and most valuable cryptocurrency — Bitcoin (BTC). In 2017, BCH developers modified the BTC code, releasing their software version and a full-fledged competitive product, which split Bitcoin into two blockchains: Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash. Bitcoin Cash is a result of a hard fork in the blockchain due to differences in the community over Bitcoin scaling and the SegWit upgrade. Moreover, another hard fork, which divided Bitcoin Cash into two parts, Bitcoin ABC and Bitcoin SV, took place in the fall of 2018.

The scaling debate involved two sides: small block supporters opposed increasing block size as it could lead to blockchain centralization and vulnerability by making it harder to host full nodes. Large block supporters, however, advocated for a faster solution, concerned that rising transaction fees could hinder growth.

Bitcoin Cash

Ethereum Classic (ETC) is the original Ethereum (ETH) blockchain that launched in July 2015. Its main function is as a smart contract network, with the ability to host and support decentralized applications (DApps). Its native token is ETC.

Since its launch, Ethereum Classic has sought to differentiate itself from Ethereum, with the two networks’ technical roadmap diverging further and further from each other with time.

Ethereum Classic first set out to preserve the integrity of the existing Ethereum blockchain after a major hacking event led to the theft of 3.6 million ETH.

Ethereum Classic

Zcash is a decentralized cryptocurrency focused on privacy and anonymity. It uses the zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proof technology that allows nodes on the network to verify transactions without revealing any sensitive information about those transactions.

Contrary to a common misunderstanding, the majority of cryptocurrencies on the market, including Bitcoin (BTC), are not anonymous, but rather pseudonymous; while they do not explicitly reveal the identities of their users, each user has their own public address or addresses which can be traced back to them via the methods of data science and blockchain forensics.

Zcash transactions, on the other hand, still have to be relayed via a public blockchain, but unlike pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, ZEC transactions by default do not reveal the sending and receiving addresses or the amount being sent. There is an option, however, to reveal this data for the purposes of auditing or regulatory compliance.

Zcash was first released on October 28, 2016, and it was originally based on Bitcoin’s codebase.

Zcash

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Decred is Money Evolved.

By combining battle tested Proof-of-Work with an innovative take on Proof-of-Stake that places coin holders in charge of shaping the future, Decred is able to adapt to challenges and innovate at a rapid pace. You acquire influence in Decred by putting “skin in the game”.

Decred’s security, privacy, scalability, and decentralized treasury empower stakeholders and provides them with the tools needed to enhance their financial sovereignty.

Decred

NEM is a blockchain platform that was launched in March of 2015. It was one of the pioneers of the cryptocurrency industry, and sought to improve on the imperfections found on other chains at the time. It was one of the first non-turing complete chains to feature user-defined tokens (called mosaics), namespaces, multisignature accounts, and a P2P reputation system based on EigenTrust++. Its most notable contribution to the space is the proof-of-importance consensus mechanism, which sought to reward on-chain activity and deter the concentration of wealth commonly associated with proof-of-stake. Its client, NIS, is written in Java.

NEM has a global community. It sees the most utility as an alternative form of payment for businesses and vendors, and has a variety of social media apps built on top of it in Japan, such as nemgraph, a community-driven owned and operated alternative to Instagram.

In December 2021, NEM was hard forked by a pseudonymous team of cryptocurrency experts and enthusiasts alike. Titled Harlock, this hard fork signaled the community’s intent to take NEM from a shadow of its former self into the world’s leading payments platform for on-chain and off-chain media content.

Ravencoin is a digital peer-to-peer (P2P) network that aims to implement a use case specific blockchain, designed to efficiently handle one specific function: the transfer of assets from one party to another. Built on a fork of the Bitcoin code, Ravencoin was announced on Oct. 31, 2017 and released binaries for mining on Jan. 3, 2018 with what is called a fair launch: no premine, ICO or masternodes. It was named in reference to a TV show Game of Thrones.

Ravencoin

Gnosis (GNO) builds decentralized infrastructure on Ethereum. Its mission has always been centered on experimentation and building decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem. When Gnosis was founded in 2015, it focused on building prediction markets to enable worldwide access to accurate information. While creating the prediction market platform, it became clear that Gnosis needed to build the infrastructure required to support it. Gnosis Safe, for example, was born of necessity.

Gnosis operates as a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) which provides infrastructure for various types of decentralized applications (dApps), and builds products to transparently guide decisions on the development, support and governance of its ecosystem.

In November 2021, both the xDAI and GnosisDAO community voted to combine their vibrant ecosystems to create the Gnosis Chain: An Ethereum forerunner-companion that addresses scaling issues through solid engineering.

Gnosis

Monero was launched in 2014, and its goal is simple: to allow transactions to take place privately and with anonymity. Even though it’s commonly thought that BTC can conceal a person’s identity, it’s often easy to trace payments back to their original source because blockchains are transparent. On the other hand, XMR is designed to obscure senders and recipients alike through the use of advanced cryptography.

The team behind Monero say privacy and security are their biggest priorities, with ease of use and efficiency coming second. It aims to provide protection to all users — irrespective of how technologically competent they are.

Overall, XMR aims to allow payments to be made quickly and inexpensively without fear of censorship.

Monero

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. Due to the decentralized nature of the token distribution on EOS, power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

DigiByte (DGB) is an open source blockchain and asset creation platform. Development began in October 2013 and the genesis block of its DGB token was mined in January 2014 as a fork of Bitcoin (BTC).

A longstanding public blockchain and cryptocurrency, DigiByte uses five different algorithms to improve security, and originally aimed to improve on the Bitcoin blockchain’s security, capacity and transaction speed.

DigiByte consists of three layers: a smart contract “App Store,” a public ledger and the core protocol featuring nodes communicating to relay transactions.

DigiByte

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

Waves is a multi-purpose blockchain platform which supports various use cases including decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts.

Launched in June 2016 following one of the cryptocurrency industry’s earliest initial coin offerings (ICO), Waves initially set out to improve on the first blockchain platforms by increasing speed, utility and user-friendliness.

The platform has undergone various changes and added new spin-off features to build on its original design.

Waves’ native token is WAVES, an uncapped supply token used for standard payments such as block rewards.

Waves

Yearn.finance is an aggregator service for decentralized finance (DeFi) investors, using automation to allow them to maximize profits from yield farming.

Its goal is to simplify the ever-expanding DeFi space for investors who are not technically minded or who wish to interact in a less committal manner than serious traders.

Launched in February 2020, the service, formerly known as iEarn, has seen huge growth in recent months as new products debuted and developers released in-house token YFI.

yearn.finance

Huobi Token (HT) is the native token of the cryptocurrency exchange Huobi Global. It is a decentralized digital asset based on the Ethereum blockchain and is ERC-20 compliant. HT’s value is in part reliant upon the reputation of the Huobi crypto exchange, yet other factors also have an impact.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Huobi Token.

Huobi Token is a relatively young project. It first launched in January 2018, hot on the heels of the release of a native token on rival crypto exchange Binance. Having its own token allows Huobi to build a flexible marketing strategy in order to attract new users and further grow its platform.

One key function of the token is to reduce commissions for trading operations on the exchange, which are usually paid from users' wallets. Yet the token has much more to offer. Using HT, users can purchase monthly VIP-status plans to receive discounts on transaction fees. Token holders have the right to vote on exchange decisions, can receive crypto rewards for seasonal buybacks, and also get early access to special events. HT holders can, at any point, trade the token for other cryptocurrencies.

Huobi Token

UNUS SED LEO

Billed as "digital money for the modern world," nano is a lightweight cryptocurrency that is designed to facilitate secure, practically instant payments, without fees, and addresses some of the major limitations of both legacy financial infrastructure, and many modern cryptocurrencies.

Development of the project began in 2014 under the name RaiBlocks, and the coin (then termed XRB) launched the following year through a public faucet, which allowed users to claim small amounts of XRB after completing a captcha challenge. Anyone with access to a computer or phone could solve captchas, and be rewarded with RaiBlocks. The number of XRB people received per solved captcha varied over time

RaiBlocks (XRB) was rebranded to Nano in January 2018, with the new name chosen to better represent the speed and simplicity the project offers to users.

It is a peer-to-peer platform that uses a unique block-lattice data structure to allow users to easily transfer value to one another without relying on centralized intermediaries.

Unlike other platforms which typically use the combined proof-of-work of a massive mining network to achieve consensus, nano instead uses a system known as Open Representative Voting (ORV) — which sees account holders vote for their chosen representative, who then work to confirm blocks of transactions securely.

ORV makes Nano extremely energy efficient, positioning it as a more environmentally friendly alternative to proof-of-work (POW)-based cryptocurrencies.

In November, 2021, aiming to bring nano to the real world and to comply with the globally-recognized standards of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) requirements, nano adopted a new ticker and a standard symbol: XNO and Ӿ.