Bitcoin Cash

What Are CashTokens? Bitcoin Cash Gets New Capabilities

How to Create Your Own Cryptocurrency

CoinMarketCap News, Nov 30: Sam Bankman-Fried Just Won't Stop Talking

Coinbase Wallet Drops Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum Classic, Stellar Lumens and XRP

St. Kitts and Nevis Consider Adopting Bitcoin Cash as Legal Tender

## بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH) کیا ہے؟

[بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH)](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/bitcoin-vs-bitcoin-cash-vs-bitcoin-sv) [پیئر ٹو پیئر](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-peer-to-peer-p2p) الیکٹرانک نقد کا ایک نظام ہے جس کا مقصد تیز ادائیگیوں، معمولی فیس، رازداری اور لین دین کی اعلیٰ صلاحیت (بڑے بلاکس) کے ساتھ مستحکم عالمی زر بننا ہے۔ بالکل ویسے ہی جیسے کاغذی کرنسی مثلاً ڈالر کا بِل براہ راست اس شخص کو دیا جاتا ہے جسے ادائیگی کی جا رہی ہے، بٹ کوائن کیش کی ادائیگی بھی براہ راست ایک شخص سے دوسرے شخص کو کی جاتی ہے۔

بلا اجازت اور غیر مرکزیت پر مبنی کر یپٹو کرنسی کی حیثیت سے بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH) کو کسی قابل اعتماد تیسرے فریق اور مرکزی بینک کی ضرورت نہیں ہے۔ روایتی کاغذی کرنسی کے برعکس، بٹ کوائن کیش مالیاتی بچولیوں جیسے بینکس اور پیمنٹ پروسیسرز پر انحصار نہیں کرتا ہے۔ حکومتیں یا دیگر مرکزییت پر مبنی ادارے مالیاتی لین دین کی نگرانی نہیں کر سکتے۔ اسی طرح اثاثوں کو ضبط یا منجمد نہیں کیا جا سکتا — کیونکہ بٹ کوائن کیش نیٹ ورک پر کسی مالیاتی تیسرے فریق کو کوئی کنٹرول حاصل نہیں ہے۔

### بٹ کوائن کیش کس کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے؟

بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH) سونے کی طرح رسد کی کمی اور نقد کی قابل خرچ نوعیت کا امتزاج پیش کرتا ہے۔ 21 ملین سکوں کی محدود سپلائی کی وجہ سے بٹ کوائن کیش ممکنہ طور پر محدود ہو سکتا ہے مگر رائج کاغذی کرنسی کی طرح اسے بآسانی خرچ کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ لین دین بہت تیز ہوتی ہے اور ادائیگی کا معاوضہ عام طور پر ایک فیصد کے دسویں حصے سے بھی کم ہوتا ہے۔ کوئی بھی شخض اسمارٹ فون یا کمپیوٹر کی مدد سے بٹ کوائن کیش کی ادائیگی قبول کرسکتا ہے۔

بٹ کوائن کیش کے مختلف استعمالات ہیں۔ افراد کے درمیان پیر ٹو پیر ادائیگیوں کے علاوہ، بٹ کوائن کیش کا استعمال شرکت کرنے والے تاجروں کو سامان اور خدمات کے عوض درون اسٹور اور آن لائن ادائیگی کے لیے بھی کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ بہت کم فیس کی وجہ سے نہایت ہی معمولی رقوم کی لین دین کا دروازہ بھی کھلتا ہے، جیسے کسی تخلیق کار کو ٹپ دینا اور ایپ کے صارفین کو چند سینٹ کا انعام دینا۔ بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH) ترسیلات زر اور سرحد پار تجارت کے لیے ادایئگی کی فیس کو کم کرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ کم وقت میں معاملات طے کرتا ہے۔ اس کے دیگر استعمالات میں ٹوکنز، آسان اسمارٹ معاہدے اور CashShuffle اور CashFusion جیسے ٹولز کی مدد سے نجی ادائیگییاں شامل ہیں۔

### کیا بٹ کوائن کیش بٹ کوائن سے مختلف ہے؟

2017 میں، بٹ کوائن کی توسیع پذیری سے متعلق خدشات کی وجہ سے بٹ کوائن پراجیکٹ اور اس کی کمیونٹی دوحصوں میں بٹ گئے۔ ہارڈ فورک کا تصور سامنے آیا جس نے بٹ کوائن کیش کو تخلیق کیا، یہ ایک نئی کریپٹو کرنسی تھی اور اس کے حامیوں نے اسے بٹ کوائن پروجیکٹ کا [پیڑ ٹو پیر الیکٹرانک کیش](http://bch.info/bitcoin.pdf) کی شکل میں قابل قبول تسلسل سمجھا۔ فورک کے وقت تمام بٹ کوائن ہولڈرز (بلاک 478,558) خود بخود بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH) کے مالک بن گئے۔ بٹ کوائن کو ایک فرضی نام ستوشی ناکوموٹو کے حامل شخص نے ایجاد کیا تھا، ایک الگ کریپٹو کرنسی بنی ہوئی ہے۔

بٹ کوائن ([BTC](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/bitcoin/)) کے برعکس، بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH) کا مقصد توسیع ہے تاکہ یہ ادائیگی کے عالمی نظام کے تقاضوں کو پورا کر سکے۔ تقسیم کے وقت بٹ کوائن کیش کے بلاک کا سائز 1MB سے بڑھا کر 8MB کر دیا گیا تھا۔ بلاک کے سائز میں اضافہ کا مطلب ہے کہ اب بٹ کوائن کیش فیس کو انتہائی کم رکھتے ہوئے زیادہ لین دین فی سیکنڈ (TPS) ہینڈل کر سکے گا۔ اس سے ادائیگی میں تاخیر اور اعلیٰ فیس کا مسئلہ حل ہو جاتا ہے جس کا سامنا بٹ کوائن BTC نیٹ ورک پر کئی صارفین کو کرنا پڑتا ہے۔

اکتوبر 2021 کے مطابق، بٹ کوائن کے بلاک سائز 1MB کے مقابلے میں بٹ کوائن کیش کا بلاک سائز 32MB ہے۔

### آپ بٹ کوائن کیش کو کیسے مائن کر سکتے ہیں؟

[مائننگ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/mining) وہ عمل ہے جس میں بٹ کوائن کیش کی نئی لین دین کی تصدیق ہوتی ہے اور بٹ کوائن کیش کے بلاک چین میں نئے بلاکس شامل کیے جاتے ہیں۔ مائن کرنے والے پیچیدہ پہیلیاں حل کرنے کے لیے کمپیوٹر اور بجلی کا استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ ایسا کرکے بعد وہ لین دین کے نئے بلاکس تیار کرنے کی صلاحیت حاصل کرلیتے ہیں۔ اگر نیٹ ورک ان کا کوئی ایک بلاک قبول کر لے تو مائن کرنے والے یا مائننگ پول کو نئے جاری کردہ بٹ کوائن کیش کی شکل میں [بلاک انعام](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/block-reward) حاصل ہوتا ہے۔

مائنگ انتہائی مسابقت والا عمل ہے۔ جیسے جیسے مارکیٹ پلیس میں بٹ کوائن کیش کی قیمت بڑھ رہی ہے، مزید مائن کرنے والے اس میں شامل ہو رہے ہیں تاکہ مزید [ہیش ریٹ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/hash-power-hash-rate) بلاکس تیار کریں اور انہیں بٹ کوائن کیش نیٹ ورک میں شامل کر سکیں۔ مائن کرنے والوں نے نیٹ ورک کو مزید محفوظ بنانے کے لئے ہیش ریٹ میں اضافہ کیا اوراس کی تقسیم کو بھی بڑھایا ہے۔ یہ نیٹ ورک کو کسی ایک مائن کرنے والے کے قابو میں چلے جانے سے محفوظ رکھتا ہے۔

کوئی بھی فرد بٹ کوائن کیش مائن کر سکتا ہے۔ مائنگ کے لیے مخصوص اشیا کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے مائننگ کے آلہ جات کہتے ہیں، انہیں یا تو خریدا جا سکتا ہے یا پھر کرائے پر حاصل کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ مائن کرنے والوں کو بلاکس بنانے اور بقیہ بٹ کوائن کیش نیٹ ورک سے جڑنے کے لیے ایک مکمل مربوط سافٹ ویئر کی بھی ضرورت ہے (فی الحال زیادہ تر مائن کرنے والے BCHN استعمال کرتے ہیں)۔ مائنگ آزادانہ طور پر کی جا سکتی ہے لیکن مائن کرنے والے اکثر اپنے ہیش ریٹ کو جمع کرکے اجتماعی طور پر کام کرتے ہیں اور کمائے گئے بلاک انعامات تناسب کے ساتھ آپس میں بانٹ لیتے ہیں۔

### آپ بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH) کیسے خریدتے ہیں؟

بٹ کوائن کیش آپ کے علاقے کے لحاظ سے مختلف کرپٹو ایکسچینجز پر دستیاب ہے۔ اس کریپٹو کرنسی کے ایکسچینجز اور ٹریڈنگ پیئرز کی تازہ ترین فہرست کے لیے ہمارے [بٹ کوائن کیش مارکیٹ پیئر](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/bitcoin-cash/markets/) کے ٹیب پر کلک کریں۔

بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH) بہت سے ٹاپ ایکسچینجز پر دستیاب ہے، مثلاً [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/binance/)، [Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/huobi-global/)، [Coinbase](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/coinbase-exchange/)، [FTX](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/ftx/)، [Gate.io](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/gate-io/) اور ان کے علاوہ کئی دیگر اکسچینجیز۔

بٹ کوائن کیش خریدنے کے لیے ایکسچینج کا انتخاب کرنے سے پہلے ہمارے تعلیمی پورٹل [Alexandria](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/) کا استعمال کر کے تحقیق ضرور کر لیں۔ ہمارے [بٹ کوائن کیش کے بارے میں تفصیلی معلومات](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-bitcoin-cash) اور [بٹ کوائن، بٹ کوائن کیش اور بٹ کوائن SV کے درمیان فرق](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/bitcoin-vs-bitcoin-cash-vs-bitcoin-sv) کو ملاحظہ کریں۔

بٹ کوائن کیش کی قیمت کو اپنی پسند کی رائج کرنسی میں براہ راست چیک کرنے کے لیے، آپ CoinMarketCap کے کنورٹر فیچر کو براہ راست [بٹ کوائن کیش کے کرنسی صفحہ](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/bitcoin-cash/) پر استعمال کر سکتے ہیں۔ متبادل کے طور پر، وقف شدہ شرح مبادلہ [کنورٹر صفحہ](https://coinmarketcap.com/converter/) استعمال کریں۔ مقبول بٹ کوائن کیش (BCH) قیمت کے جوڑوں میں شامل ہیں: [BCH/USD](https://coinmarketcap.com/converter/bch/usd/)، [BCH/GBP](https://coinmarketcap.com/converter/bch/gbp/)، [BCH/AUD](https://coinmarketcap.com/converter/bch/aud/) اور [BCH/EUR](https://coinmarketcap.com/converter/bch/eur/)۔

Ledger

Trezor

Trust Wallet

Math Wallet

Coinbase

Cobo

Safepal

HyperPay

MetaMask

Binance Chain Wallet

BTC Wallet

Atomic wallet

Bitcoin Cash is a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that aims to be sound global money with fast payments, micro fees, privacy, defi & big blocks.

Green Ben

Litecoin (LTC) is a cryptocurrency that was designed to provide fast, secure and low-cost payments by leveraging the unique properties of blockchain technology.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Litecoin.

The cryptocurrency was created based on the Bitcoin (BTC) protocol, but it differs in terms of the hashing algorithm used, hard cap, block transaction times and a few other factors. Litecoin has a block time of just 2.5 minutes and extremely low transaction fees, making it suitable for micro-transactions and point-of-sale payments.

Litecoin was released via an open-source client on GitHub on Oct. 7, 2011, and the Litecoin Network went live five days later on Oct. 13, 2011. Since then, it has exploded in both usage and acceptance among merchants and has counted among the top ten cryptocurrencies by market capitalization for most of its existence.

The cryptocurrency was created by Charlie Lee, a former Google employee, who intended Litecoin to be a "lite version of Bitcoin," in that it features many of the same properties as Bitcoin—albeit lighter in weight.

Litecoin

Ethereum Classic (ETC) is the original Ethereum (ETH) blockchain that launched in July 2015. Its main function is as a smart contract network, with the ability to host and support decentralized applications (DApps). Its native token is ETC.

Since its launch, Ethereum Classic has sought to differentiate itself from Ethereum, with the two networks’ technical roadmap diverging further and further from each other with time.

Ethereum Classic first set out to preserve the integrity of the existing Ethereum blockchain after a major hacking event led to the theft of 3.6 million ETH.

Ethereum Classic

TRON (TRX) is a decentralized blockchain-based operating system developed by the Tron Foundation and launched in 2017. Originally TRX tokens were ERC-20-based tokens deployed on Ethereum, but a year later they were moved to their own network.

Initially, the project was created with the aim of providing full ownership rights to makers of digital content. The main goal is to help content creators (who receive only a small part of the income) and encourage them with more rewards for their work. How: invite content consumers to reward content makers directly (without intermediaries like YouTube, Facebook or Apple).

The TRON software supports smart contracts, various kinds of blockchain systems, and decentralized applications aka dApps. The cryptocurrency platform uses a transaction model similar to Bitcoin (BTC), namely UTXO. Transactions take place in a public ledger, where users can track the history of operations.

Therefore, the platform was built to create a decentralized Internet and serves as a tool for developers to create dApps, acting as an alternative to Ethereum. Anyone can create dApps on the TRON network, offer content, and in return receive digital assets as compensation for their efforts. The ability to create content and share it openly without hesitation regarding transaction fees is an undeniable advantage of TRON.

TRON

Uniswap is a popular decentralized trading protocol, known for its role in facilitating automated trading of decentralized finance (DeFi) tokens.

An example of an automated market maker (AMM), Uniswap launched in November 2018, but has gained considerable popularity this year thanks to the DeFi phenomenon and associated surge in token trading.

Uniswap aims to keep token trading automated and completely open to anyone who holds tokens, while improving the efficiency of trading versus that on traditional exchanges.

Uniswap creates more efficiency by solving liquidity issues with automated solutions, avoiding the problems which plagued the first decentralized exchanges.

In September 2020, Uniswap went a step further by creating and awarding its own governance token, UNI, to past users of the protocol. This added both profitability potential and the ability for users to shape its future — an attractive aspect of decentralized entities.

Uniswap

Stellar (XLM) is a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized network created in 2014 by The Stellar Development Foundation or Stellar.org. The network officially launched in 2015 with the purpose of connecting the world's financial systems and ensuring a protocol for payment providers and financial institutions. The platform is designed to move financial resources swiftly and reliably at minimal cost. Stellar links people, banks, payment processors and allows users to create, send and trade multiple types of crypto.

The basis of the network is its native digital currency - XLM or Lumens. XLM acts as an intermediate currency for operations and is also used to pay transaction fees. How it works: the protocol converts money in a few seconds, first into XLM, and then into the requested currency.

The Stellar payment protocol is based on distributed ledger technology -- an open-source development, community-owned and distributed by community. The crypto asset of the Stellar platform helps with cross-border transactions, overcoming the problems of high fees and slow procedures. XLM is more focused on assisting individuals transfer money than they are with institutions. Thus, Stellar offers access to financial systems, and people can send money at low cost and promptly around the world.

Moreover, Stellar serves as a decentralized exchange and marketplace, with a built-in order book that tracks ownership of Stellar assets. Platform users can manage buy/sell orders, as well as select and set their preferred assets in settlements. XLM is a built-in coin that helps reduce transaction fees.

The network maintains a high level of security.  XLM holders must have at least one token in order to remain active on the network. This nuance performs a global goal - the execution of network transactions efficiently and with minimal time costs. Plus, Lumens offers protection against flood attacks by making microtransactions too expensive for hackers with no chance of profit, which keeps Stellar Network safe from serious threats.

The target audience of Stellar is the inhabitants of developing countries, ordinary users who are provided access to the global economy through fast, simple and inexpensive transactions. Stellar Network makes extensive use of Lumens to produce live convection as well as to send cash in multiple currencies; currency is sent from one peer, and the recipient can receive the amount in another currency. This feature is beneficial when a transaction is made between currencies without widely traded pairs.

Support for multi-currency transactions is another competitive advantage of Stellar, and the ability for cross-currency transactions has only enhanced processes with foreign operations. Moreover, stable speed and low transaction costs are a privilege that users receive.

This functionality is powered by a development called Anchors (a bridge between different currencies and the network), which simplifies the exchange within the network and helps speed up the whole process.

In summary, the benefits of Stellar (XLM) include:

Stellar

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. Due to the decentralized nature of the token distribution on EOS, power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Monero was launched in 2014, and its goal is simple: to allow transactions to take place privately and with anonymity. Even though it’s commonly thought that BTC can conceal a person’s identity, it’s often easy to trace payments back to their original source because blockchains are transparent. On the other hand, XMR is designed to obscure senders and recipients alike through the use of advanced cryptography.

The team behind Monero say privacy and security are their biggest priorities, with ease of use and efficiency coming second. It aims to provide protection to all users — irrespective of how technologically competent they are.

Overall, XMR aims to allow payments to be made quickly and inexpensively without fear of censorship.

Monero

Dash is an open-source blockchain and cryptocurrency focused on offering a fast, cheap global payments network that is decentralized in nature. According to the project's white paper, Dash seeks to improve upon Bitcoin (BTC) by providing stronger privacy and faster transactions.

Dash, whose name comes from "digital cash," was launched in January 2014 as a fork of Litecoin (LTC). Since going live, Dash has grown to include features such as a two-tier network with incentivized nodes, including "masternodes," and decentralized project governance; InstantSend, which allows for instantly settled payments; ChainLocks, which makes the Dash blockchain instantly immutable; and PrivateSend, which offers additional optional privacy for transactions.

Dash

Launched in 2021, the XRP Ledger (XRPL) is an open-source, permissionless and decentralized technology. Benefits of the XRP Ledger include its low-cost ($0.0002 to transact), speed  (settling transactions in 3-5 seconds), scalability (1,500 transactions per second) and inherently green attributes (carbon-neutral and energy-efficient). The XRP Ledger also features the first decentralized exchange (DEX) and custom tokenization capabilities built into the protocol. Since 2012, the XRP Ledger has been operating reliably, having closed 70 million ledgers.

Bitcoin SV (BSV) emerged following a hard fork of the Bitcoin Cash (BCH) blockchain in 2018, which had in turn forked from the BTC blockchain a year earlier following the blocksize wars.

BSV claims to fulfill the original vision of the Bitcoin protocol and design as described in Satoshi Nakamoto’s white paper, early Bitcoin client software and known Satoshi writings. BSV aims to offer scalability and stability in line with the original description of Bitcoin as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system, as well as deliver a distributed data network that can support enterprise-level advanced blockchain applications.

To this end, it has removed artificial block size limits and re-enabled Script commands and other technical capabilities which had been historically disabled or restricted by the protocol developers of the BTC blockchain. This purportedly allows the network to process tens of thousands of transactions per second while maintaining extremely low transaction fees for micropayments, in addition to offering advanced capabilities such as tokens, smart contracts, computation and other data use cases.

The BSV network claims to be unique in its capacity for unbounded on-chain scaling while also being more aligned with the original design of Bitcoin than any other blockchain.

Bitcoin SV

Zcash is a decentralized cryptocurrency focused on privacy and anonymity. It uses the zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proof technology that allows nodes on the network to verify transactions without revealing any sensitive information about those transactions.

Contrary to a common misunderstanding, the majority of cryptocurrencies on the market, including Bitcoin (BTC), are not anonymous, but rather pseudonymous; while they do not explicitly reveal the identities of their users, each user has their own public address or addresses which can be traced back to them via the methods of data science and blockchain forensics.

Zcash transactions, on the other hand, still have to be relayed via a public blockchain, but unlike pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, ZEC transactions by default do not reveal the sending and receiving addresses or the amount being sent. There is an option, however, to reveal this data for the purposes of auditing or regulatory compliance.

Zcash was first released on October 28, 2016, and it was originally based on Bitcoin’s codebase.

Zcash

Dogecoin (DOGE) is based on the popular "doge" Internet meme and features a Shiba Inu on its logo. The open-source digital currency was created by Billy Markus from Portland, Oregon and Jackson Palmer from Sydney, Australia, and was forked from Litecoin in December 2013. Dogecoin's creators envisaged it as a fun, light-hearted cryptocurrency that would have greater appeal beyond the core Bitcoin audience, since it was based on a dog meme. Tesla CEO Elon Musk posted several tweets on social media that Dogecoin is his favorite coin.

Dogecoin

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

Chainlink

Cardano is a proof-of-stake blockchain platform that says its goal is to allow “changemakers, innovators and visionaries” to bring about positive global change.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Cardano.

The open-source project also aims to “redistribute power from unaccountable structures to the margins to individuals” — helping to create a society that is more secure, transparent and fair.

Cardano was founded back in 2017, and named after the 16th century Italian polymath Gerolamo Cardano. The native ADA token takes its name from the 19th century mathematician Ada Lovelace, widely regarded as the world’s first computer programmer. The ADA token is designed to ensure that owners can participate in the operation of the network. Because of this, those who hold the cryptocurrency have the right to vote on any proposed changes to the software.

The team behind the layered blockchain say that there have already been some compelling use cases for its technology, which aims to allow decentralized apps and smart contracts to be developed with modularity.

In August 2021, Charles Hoskinson announced the launch of the Alonzo hard fork, causing Cardano price to surge, gaining 116% in the following month. On Sept. 12, 2021, the Cardano ‘Alonzo’ hard fork officially launched, bringing smart contract functionality to the blockchain. Over 100 smart contracts were deployed in the following 24 hours after the launch.

Cardano is used by agricultural companies to track fresh produce from field to fork, while other products built on the platform allow educational credentials to be stored in a tamper-proof way, and retailers to clamp down on counterfeit goods.

Cardano

Polkadot is an open-source sharded multichain protocol that connects and secures a network of specialized blockchains, facilitating cross-chain transfer of any data or asset types, not just tokens, thereby allowing blockchains to be interoperable with each other. Polkadot was designed to provide a foundation for a decentralized internet of blockchains, also known as Web3.

Polkadot is known as a layer-0 metaprotocol because it underlies and describes a format for a network of layer 1 blockchains known as parachains (parallel chains). As a metaprotocol, Polkadot is also capable of autonomously and forklessly updating its own codebase via on-chain governance according to the will of its token holder community.

Polkadot provides a foundation to support a decentralized web, controlled by its users, and to simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.

The Polkadot protocol can connect public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot Relay Chain (explained further down).

Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: staking for operations and security, facilitating network governance, and bonding tokens to  connect parachains .

Polkadot has four core components:

Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;

Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;

Parathreads: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;

Bridges: allow parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.

Polkadot

Launched in July 2017, Binance is the biggest cryptocurrency exchange globally based on daily trading volume. Binance aims to bring cryptocurrency exchanges to the forefront of financial activity globally. The idea behind Binance’s name is to show this new paradigm in global finance — Binary Finance, or Binance.

Aside from being the largest cryptocurrency exchange globally, Binance has launched a whole ecosystem of functionalities for its users. The Binance network includes the Binance Chain, Binance Smart Chain, Binance Academy, Trust Wallet and Research projects, which all employ the powers of blockchain technology to bring new-age finance to the world. BNB is an integral part of the successful functioning of many of the Binance sub-projects.

Ethereum is a decentralized open-source blockchain system that features its own cryptocurrency, Ether. ETH works as a platform for numerous other cryptocurrencies, as well as for the execution of decentralized smart contracts.

Ethereum was first described in a 2013 whitepaper by Vitalik Buterin. Buterin, along with other co-founders, secured funding for the project in an online public crowd sale in the summer of 2014. The project team managed to raise $18.3 million in Bitcoin, and Ethereum’s price in the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) was $0.311, with over 60 million Ether sold. Taking Ethereum’s price now, this puts the return on investment (ROI) at an annualized rate of over 270%, essentially almost quadrupling your investment every year since the summer of 2014.

The Ethereum Foundation officially launched the blockchain on July 30, 2015, under the prototype codenamed “Frontier.” Since then, there has been several network updates — “Constantinople” on Feb. 28, 2019, “Istanbul” on Dec. 8, 2019, “Muir Glacier” on Jan. 2, 2020, “Berlin” on April 14, 2021, and most recently on Aug. 5, 2021, the “London” hard fork.

Ethereum’s own purported goal is to become a global platform for decentralized applications, allowing users from all over the world to write and run software that is resistant to censorship, downtime and fraud.

Ethereum

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.

Filecoin

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.