## Basic Attention Token (بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن) (BAT) کیا ہے؟

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن، یا BAT، وہ ٹوکن ہے جو ایک نئے بلاک چین پر مبنی ڈیجیٹل اشتہارات کے پلیٹ فارم کو توانائی دیتا ہے، اور صارفین کو توجہ مبذول کرنے کے عوض مُنصفانہ انعام دینے کے لیے ڈیزائن کیا گیا ہے۔ جبکہ مشتہرین کو اشتھاراتی مُہم پر آنے والے اخراجات بہتر شکل میں واپس فراہم کرتا ہے۔

یہ تجربہ Brave نامی براؤزر کے ذریعے فراہم کیا جاتا ہے، جہاں صارفین رازدارانہ تحفظ کے ساتھ اشتہارات دیکھ سکتے ہیں، اور اس عمل پر BAT انعامات بھی حاصل کر سکتے ہیں۔ دوسری طرف، مشتہرین اپنی مصروفیت بڑھانے، اور اُن نقصانات میں کمی کرنے کے لیے، جن کا سبب دھوکے دہی پر مبنی اشتہار اور ان کا غلط استعمال ہوتا ہے، درست-بہ-ہدف اشتہارات مُہیّا کر سکتے ہیں۔

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن اس اشتہاراتی ایکوسسٹم میں بذات خود انعام کی ایک اکائی ہے۔ اسی وجہ سے صارفین، مشتہرین، اور ناشروں کے مابین اوراس ٹوکن کا تبادلہ ہوتا رہتا ہے۔ مشتہرین اپنی تشہیری مہم کے لیے BAT ٹوکن میں ادائیگیاں کرتے ہیں۔ اس بجٹ میں سے، ایک چھوٹا سا حصہ مشتہرین کو، اور 70% صارفین میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے — جبکہ ثالث، جو عام طور پر اشتہاراتی اخراجات میں اضافے کا باعث بنتے، لاگت کو بہتر بنانے کے لیے اس ایکویشن (equation) سے نکال ہی دیے جاتے ہیں۔

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن کا آغاز سن 2017 میں کیا گیا، جو اب تک سب سے زہادہ تیز رفتاری سے فروخت ہونے والی ابتدائی سکے کی پیشکشوں ([ICOs](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-coin-offering-ico)) میں سے ایک ہے، جس کے پلیٹ فارم نے ایک منٹ کے اندر کل $35 ملین اکٹھا کیا۔ اُسی کے بعد سے، اس نے زیادہ تر ممالک میں اپنے Brave Rewards پروگرام کے ذریعے صارفین کے لیے، توجہ پر مبنی تشہیر کے تجربے کو متعارف کرایا ہے۔

یہ نومبر سن 2020 تک، ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ، برطانیہ اور کینیڈا میں سب سے زیادہ فعال اشتہاری مہمیں تھیں۔

### بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن کے بانی کون ہیں؟

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن کے دو بانی ہیں: Brendan Eich اور Brian Bondy — انٹرنیٹ براؤزنگ سافٹ-ویئر صنعت میں دو انتہائی نامور شخصیات۔

Brendan Eich (برینڈن آئیش) Brave Software کے CEO ہیں — جو Brave براؤزر اور بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن کے پیچھے موجود پیرنٹ-فرم ہے۔ Brave میں اپنے موجودہ کردار سے پہلے، Mozilla نامی کمپنی کے بانی اور CTO بھی Eich ہی تھے۔ اُنہوں نے سن 1995 میں JavaScript بھی ایجاد کیا تھا۔ اُنہوں نے سن 2004 میں دنیا کے مقبول ترین ویب براؤزرز (bwowsers) میں سے ایک — Mozilla Firefox — کو لانچ کرنے میں بھی مدد فراہم کی۔

اسی طرح، Brian Bondy نے Brave اور Basic Attention Token کے CTO کے طور پر شمولیت اختیار کی۔ Bondy حد سے زیادہ تجربہ کار انجینئر ہیں، جو Mozilla میں بحیثیت سینئر سافٹ-ویئر انجینئر، Corel Corporation میں سافٹ-ویئر ڈویلپر اور Khan Academy میں سافٹ-ویئر ڈویلپمنٹ لِیڈ کے طور پر کام کرنے کا سابقہ تجربہ رکھتے ہیں۔ اگر ان دونوں کے تجربے کا حاصل جمع دیکھا جائے تو سافٹ ویئر ڈویلپمنٹ کے میدان میں Eich اور Bondy کا مشترکہ تجربہ 50 سال سے بھی زیادہ عرصے پر مُحیط ہے۔

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن ویب سائٹ پر دی گئی فہرست کے مُطابق ٹیم کے ارکان کی تعداد 16 ہے، جن میں سے اکثر ڈویلپمنٹ، انجینئرنگ یا تحقیق سے متعلق پس منظر کے حامل ہیں۔

### کیا خصوصیت بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن کو منفرد بنا دیتی ہے۔

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن کا اوّلین مصرف Brave Ads کے ذریعے اشتہاری مہمیں چالانے کے لیے بحیثیت ادائیگی ٹوکن اس کا استعمال ہے۔ نومبر سن 2020 تک، مشتہرین کو اپنی مہم شروع کرنے کے لیے ہر ماہ کم از کم $2,500 کے اشتہاری اخراجات کا عزم کرنا ہوگا، لیکن فی الحال, ممکنہ طور پر کم استعداد والا سیلف-سروس پلیٹ فارم پائپ لائن میں ہے۔

اس وقت، یہ پُورا اشتہاری بجٹ لازمی طور پر بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکنز کو ادا کیا جاتا ہے، جسے مشتہرین تھرڈ پارٹی کے مختلف تبادلہ-پلیٹ-فارمز سے حاصل کر سکتے ہیں۔ اس میں سے، Brave ایک چھوٹا کمیشن لیتا ہے، جبکہ باقی پبلشرز اور صارفین میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے.

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن اور Brave براؤزر ایکو سسٹم کی اہم امتیازی خصوصیات میں سے ایک ایسے صارفین کو انعام (ٹپ) دینے کی گُنجائش ہے جو ابھی تک نیٹ-ورک کا حصہ بھی نہیں — اس میں ویب-سائٹس اور انفرادی Twitter صارفین دونوں شامل ہیں۔ اس کے بعد یہ صارفین، اپنی جمع شدہ کوئی بھی ٹپس (tips) اکھٹی کرنے کے لیے بحفاظت رجسٹر ہو سکتے ہیں۔

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن اور Brave براؤزر، یعنی دونوں نے آغاز کے بعد سے اپنے صارفین میں نمایاں اضافہ حاصل کیا ہے۔ اکتوبر سن 2020 تک میسّر ڈیٹا کے مُطابق، Brave براؤزر کے کل 20.5 ملین ماہانہ فعال صارفین ہیں، جبکہ بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن فی الوقت کل 368,000 منفرد والیٹس میں موجود ہے۔

#### متعلقہ صفحات:

[Decentr (DEC)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/decentr/) چیک کیجیے- بلاک چین سے چلنے والا ایک ویب-براؤزر، اور ویب 3.0 پورٹل۔

[AdEx نیٹ-ورک (ADX)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/adx-net/) کو دریافت کیجیے — بلاک چین سے چلنے والا اشتہاراتی پلیٹ فارم۔

[CoinMarketCap Alexandria](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/) سے مُلاقات کیجیے - کرپٹو علم و دانش کا ایک مجموعہ۔

[CoinMarketCap بلاگ](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/) کے ہمراہ تازہ ترین اپ-ڈیٹس کے بارے میں زیادہ سے زیادہ با خبر رہیے۔

### کُل کتنے بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکنز کوائنز (BAT) گردش میں ہیں؟

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن میں زیادہ سے زیادہ 1.5 بلین [ٹوکن](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/a-deep-dive-into-tokenization) کی سپلائی موجود ہوتی ہے۔ نئے ٹوکن کے اسمارٹ معاہدے پر منتقل ہوئے بغیر اس میں اضافہ نہیں کیا جا سکتا۔

اس کی تقریباً تمام موجودہ سپلائی گردش میں ہے۔ نتیجتاً، بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن تقریباً مکمل طور پر کمزور سمجھا جا سکتا ہے۔

اس کی سن 2017 میں منعقد ہونے والی ICO میں، سرمایہ کاروں کو مجموعی طور پر 1 بلین BAT ٹوکن فروخت کیے گئے، جبکہ بقیہ 200 ملین ٹوکنز ڈیولپمنٹ پول میں مُقفل تھے، اور 300 ملین BAT کو، یوزر گروتھ پول (UGP) کے لیے وقف کر دیا گیا تھا۔ نومبر سن 2020 تک کے ڈیٹا کے مُطابق، دونوں، یعنی ترقیاتی پول اور UGP پول کے ایڈریس تقریباً خالی پڑے ہیں۔

### بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن کے نیٹ-ورک کو کیسے محفوظ بنایا جاتا ہے؟

بنیادی نیٹ-ورک ٹوکن (BAT) ایک [ERC-20 ٹوکن](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20) ہے۔ اسے Ethereum [بلاک چین](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) کی بالائی سطح کے عین اوپر بنایا گیا ہے۔ کسی بھی ERC-20 ٹوکن کی طرح، BAT کو سختی سے ٹیسٹ شدہ [پروف-آف-ورک](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake) (POW) متفقہ الگورتھم کے ذریعے تحفّظ دیا جاتا ہے، جس کی حمایت ایک وسیع Ethereum مائنر نیٹ-ورک کے ذریعے کی جاتی ہے۔

[اتفاق رائے پر مبنی](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus) یہ الگورتھم اس بات کو یقینی بناتا ہے کہ صرف درست لین-دین کی تصدیق کی گئی ہے، جبکہ Ethereum مائننگ نیٹ-ورک کا مشترکہ کام اس بات کو یقینی بنانا ہے کہ BAT لین-دین یکبارگی تصدیق کے بعد بنیادی طور پر واپسی کے قابل نہ رہے۔

### آپ بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن (TWT) کہاں سے خرید سکتے ہیں؟

بنیادی-توجہ-ٹوکن فی الحال مقبول کرپٹو کرنسی ایکسچینج پلیٹ فارمز کی اکثریت پر ٹریڈ کیا جا سکتا ہے، اور فی الحال یہی بہترین لیکویڈیٹی ہے۔ [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/binance/)، نیز Coinbase Pro، اور [Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/huobi-global/) کا شمار BAT تجارت کے لیے سب سے زیادہ معروف ایکسچینجز میں ہوتا ہے۔

بہت سی کریپٹو کرنسیوں کی طرح، BAT کو گوناں گوں بروکرز سے [فیاٹ استعمال کرتے ہوئے براہ راست](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) خریدا جا سکتا ہے یا [Kraken](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/kraken/) اور Bitthumb جیسے پلیٹ فارمز پر فیاٹ اثاثوں کے مُقابل اس کی خرید و فروخت کی جا سکتی ہے۔

ذیل میں ایسے چند مزید آرٹیکلز پیش ہیں جو شاید آپ کو دلچسپ معلوم ہوں:

* [کرپٹو Faucet کیا ہوتا ہے؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [کرپٹو کے ڈیبٹ کارڈز کیا ہوتے ہیں؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [ویب 3.0 کیا ہے؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [منافع جاتی فارمنگ کیا ہوتی ہے؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [کرپٹو ادھار میں دینے کا عمل کیا ہوتا ہے؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

What Makes Bull Market Winners So Successful?

Technical Analysis: LINK, HIVE, DOT, BAT, FLUX and APT (Mar. W5) 

Technical Analysis: LINK, HIVE, DOT, BAT, FLUX and APT (Mar. W1) 

Technical Analysis: LINK, HIVE, DOT, BAT, FLUX and APT (Feb. W4) 

Technical Analysis: LINK, HIVE, DOT, BAT, FLUX and APT (Feb. W3) 

Binance

Basic Attention Token

Ledger

Coinbase

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Binance Chain Wallet

SolFlare

Backpack

Phantom

Atomic wallet

BAT – the crypto asset for the new Internet economy. Blockchain-based digital advertising.

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Pepe

dYdX (ethDYDX)

SPACE ID

SuperVerse

Threshold

0x Protocol

Arkham

Ankr

ether.fi

Echelon Prime

Mask Network

Electronic USD

SPURDO

THE BALKAN DWARF

Frog

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

Chiliz is the leading digital currency for sports and entertainment by the eponymous Malta-based FinTech provider. It operates the blockchain-based sports entertainment platform Socios, which enables users to participate in the governance of their favorite sports brands. Multiple fan tokens by Socios.com are an example of that. For sports clubs and associations, fan tokens offer a way of connecting with their fans and unlocking new revenue streams.

For instance, fans can participate and influence club-related decisions through surveys and polls, such as messages the captain should wear on his armband. The company aims to bridge the gap between being an active and a passive fan. Chiliz has developed partnerships with some of the biggest sporting institutions in the world: FC Barcelona, Manchester City, Juventus Turin, and Paris Saint-Germain. It also boasts partnerships with the UFC and gaming organizations. By purchasing CHZ, fans get access to various fan tokens and literally have a stake in their club.

Chiliz

Decentraland (MANA) defines itself as a virtual reality platform powered by the Ethereum blockchain that allows users to create, experience, and monetize content and applications.

In this virtual world, users purchase plots of land that they can later navigate, build upon and monetize.

Decentraland was launched following a $24 million initial coin offering (ICO) that was conducted in 2017. The virtual world launched its closed beta in 2019 and opened to the public in February 2020. Since then, users have created a wide range of experiences on their parcels of LAND, including interactive games, sprawling 3D scenes and a variety of other interactive experiences.

Decentraland uses two tokens: MANA and LAND. MANA is an ERC-20 token that must be burned to acquire non-fungible ERC-721 LAND tokens. MANA tokens can also be used to pay for a range of avatars, wearables, names, and more on the Decentraland marketplace.

Decentraland (MANA) is a decentralized virtual world platform with software based on the Ethereum blockchain, where users create, test and monetize content. In short: users buy virtual plots of land as NFTs with MANA tokens on the Decentraland platform. Progress in the game depends only on players themselves, their efforts and their imagination.

The digital platform is completely owned by its users. Within the Decentraland metaverse, participants can explore the virtual world, purchase plots of land that can be monetized, create works of art, own non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and take part in a decentralized autonomous organization of the platform Decentraland DAO. Due to the DAO, the community influences the development vector of the project.

In addition, users have access to interactive applications, in-world payments and peer-to-peer communication. The 3D world resonates with many participants as Decentraland has many applications, both entertainment for gamers and business for investors.

Two types of tokens called MANA and LAND govern operations in Decentraland. They also allow users to interact with the platform.

MANA is the official currency of Decentraland. It’s an ERC-20 standard token that powers the Decentraland platform. With MANA, users can purchase plots of LAND, as well as pay for in-game items and services.

MANA gives its holders the right to vote in Decentraland DAO. MANA can be purchased on a cryptocurrency exchange or by selling collectibles on Decentraland Marketplace. The owner of tokens converts them to wrapped MANA, or wMANA, and then commits them to the DAO. One wMANA equals one vote. MANA can be exchanged for fiat currency and other digital assets.

As for LAND, it’s a non-fungible token (NFT) based on Ethereum (ETH). It is used to track ownership of land parcels aka digital real estate. Like MANA, LAND is part of the protocol and confers voting rights, but LAND does not need to be fixed in the DAO. One LAND is equal to two thousand votes.

Players choose what to do with their land. Owners store tokens in crypto wallets and buy necessities with MANA tokens on the Decentraland Marketplace. Moreover, on the marketplace, participants can manage or exchange LAND tokens (priced in MANA). Holders use the marketplace to transact or transfer in-game items. All transactions are conducted, regulated and registered via the Ethereum blockchain.

Decentraland combines an online gaming space and blockchain technology. All control over the rules is given to the players, and token holders vote on in-game and organizational policies. The original goal was to form a decentralized virtual reality, but in practice, Decentraland has turned into a massive NFT market.

A special role in Decentraland is assigned to NFTs, such as collectibles, virtual equipment and real estate (LAND). However, for new players who want to join the universe and seize NFTs, the entry barrier will be high.

The Decentraland protocol is built on three levels using Ethereum smart contracts. On the consensus layer, the ownership of LAND is tracked and managed. The land content layer displays the content of the Decentraland virtual world. Finally, on the real-time layer, participants interact with each other.

The platform was co-founded by two blockchain experts, Ari Meilich and Esteban Ordano, in 2015. Officially it was launched a year later and became available only in February 2020, gradually turning from a 2D experiment into a full-fledged 3D world.

To sum up, Decentraland is a decentralized game and a 3D virtual reality platform where players own lands and create limitlessly. Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) software is at the core, and governance is in the hands of the community. Through the native token MANA, players participate in any proposals for managing and improving the ecosystem, the auction system, and the in-game policy.

Decentraland

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. EOS is fully decentralized power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Zilliqa is a public, permissionless blockchain that is designed to offer high throughput with the ability to complete thousands of transactions per second. It seeks to solve the issue of blockchain scalability and speed by employing sharding as a second-layer scaling solution. The platform is home to many decentralized applications, and as of October 2020, it also allows for staking and yield farming.

Development work officially started on Zilliqa in June 2017, and its testnet went live in March 2018. A little over a year later, in June 2019, the platform launched its mainnet.

The native utility token of Zilliqa, ZIL, is used to process transactions on the network and execute smart contracts.

Zilliqa

Algorand is a self-sustaining, decentralized, blockchain-based network that supports a wide range of applications. These systems are secure, scalable and efficient, all critical properties for effective applications in the real world. Algorand will support computations that require reliable performance guarantees to create new forms of trust.

The Algorand mainnet became live in June 2019, and was able to handle almost 1 million transactions per day as of December 2020. Algorand transaction metrics can be viewed here. Algorand initial coin offering (ICO) was held in June 2019, with the Algorand price of $0.24 per token.

Algorand

Stellar (XLM) is a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized network created in 2014 by The Stellar Development Foundation or Stellar.org. The network officially launched in 2015 with the purpose of connecting the world's financial systems and ensuring a protocol for payment providers and financial institutions. The platform is designed to move financial resources swiftly and reliably at minimal cost. Stellar links people, banks, payment processors and allows users to create, send and trade multiple types of crypto.

The basis of the network is its native digital currency - XLM or Lumens. XLM acts as an intermediate currency for operations and is also used to pay transaction fees. How it works: the protocol converts money in a few seconds, first into XLM, and then into the requested currency.

The Stellar payment protocol is based on distributed ledger technology -- an open-source development, community-owned and distributed by community. The crypto asset of the Stellar platform helps with cross-border transactions, overcoming the problems of high fees and slow procedures. XLM is more focused on assisting individuals transfer money than they are with institutions. Thus, Stellar offers access to financial systems, and people can send money at low cost and promptly around the world.

Moreover, Stellar serves as a decentralized exchange and marketplace, with a built-in order book that tracks ownership of Stellar assets. Platform users can manage buy/sell orders, as well as select and set their preferred assets in settlements. XLM is a built-in coin that helps reduce transaction fees.

The network maintains a high level of security.  XLM holders must have at least one token in order to remain active on the network. This nuance performs a global goal - the execution of network transactions efficiently and with minimal time costs. Plus, Lumens offers protection against flood attacks by making microtransactions too expensive for hackers with no chance of profit, which keeps Stellar Network safe from serious threats.

The target audience of Stellar is the inhabitants of developing countries, ordinary users who are provided access to the global economy through fast, simple and inexpensive transactions. Stellar Network makes extensive use of Lumens to produce live convection as well as to send cash in multiple currencies; currency is sent from one peer, and the recipient can receive the amount in another currency. This feature is beneficial when a transaction is made between currencies without widely traded pairs.

Support for multi-currency transactions is another competitive advantage of Stellar, and the ability for cross-currency transactions has only enhanced processes with foreign operations. Moreover, stable speed and low transaction costs are a privilege that users receive.

This functionality is powered by a development called Anchors (a bridge between different currencies and the network), which simplifies the exchange within the network and helps speed up the whole process.

In summary, the benefits of Stellar (XLM) include:

Stellar

LRC is the Ethereum-based cryptocurrency token of Loopring, an open protocol designed for the building of decentralized crypto exchanges.

In 2020, the average daily trading volume of the entire cryptocurrency market fluctuated in the approximate range of $50-$200 million. Most of that trading is conducted on centralized cryptocurrency exchanges — online platforms operated by private companies that store users’ funds and facilitate the matching of buy and sell orders.

Such platforms have a number of downsides common to all of them, so a new type of exchange — decentralized— has emerged to try to alleviate these disadvantages. However, fully decentralized exchanges are not without their own flaws.

Loopring’s purported goal is to combine centralized order matching with decentralized on-blockchain order settlement into a hybridized product that will take the best aspects of both centralized and decentralized exchanges.

LRC tokens became available to the public during an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2017, while the Loopring protocol was first deployed on Ethereum mainnet in December 2019.

Loopring

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Theta Network

Harmony is a blockchain platform designed to facilitate the creation and use of decentralized applications (DApps). The network aims to innovate the way decentralized applications work by focusing on random state sharding, which allows creating blocks in seconds.

According to the project’s website, Harmony is expected to introduce cross-shard contracts and a cross-chain infrastructure by the end of 2021.

Harmony

Aave

Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.

Launched in January 2020, Curve is now synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) phenomenon, and has seen significant growth in the second half of 2020.

In August, Curve launched a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), with CRV as its in-house token. The DAO uses Ethereum-based creation tool Aragon to connect multiple smart contracts used for users’ deposited liquidity. Issues such as governance, however, differ from Aragon in their weighting and other respects.

Curve DAO Token

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

VeChainThor (VET) is a versatile enterprise-grade L1 smart contract platform whose origins began in 2015. VeChain is known as a pioneer of real-world enterprise applications, and built a distributed platform powered by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, NFC chips and blockchain to help various industries solve data-related challenges.

VeChain solves major blockchain adoption hurdles. The platform uses an intelligent two token model, VET and VTHO, separating the protocol's Store of Value and gas fee payment mechanisms, ensuring costs can be kept low and stable. Fee delegation allows smart contracts to pay gas fees on behalf of business users, and an advanced transaction model allows data to be packaged more efficiently while ensuring finality of data.

VeChain is focused on delivering a wave of incentive-based sustainability dApps through its new platform, VeBetterDAO, working closely with Boston Consulting Group to achieve adoption across enterprise and individual users, and helping  onboard the next billion users to Web3 over the coming decade.

From supply chains to sustainability, VeChain has continuously demonstrated its leading role as a driver of blockchain in business, and is dedicated to its role as a pioneer of driving real world adoption of blockchain technology.

VeChain

SushiSwap (SUSHI) is an example of an automated market maker (AMM). An increasingly popular tool among cryptocurrency users, AMMs are decentralized exchanges which use smart contracts to create markets for any given pair of tokens.

SushiSwap launched in September 2020 as a fork of Uniswap, the AMM which has become synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) movement and associated trading boom in DeFi tokens.

SushiSwap aims to diversify the AMM market and also add additional features not previously present on Uniswap, such as increased rewards for network participants via its in-house token, SUSHI.

SushiSwap

Zcash is a decentralized cryptocurrency focused on privacy and anonymity. It uses the zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proof technology that allows nodes on the network to verify transactions without revealing any sensitive information about those transactions.

Contrary to a common misunderstanding, the majority of cryptocurrencies on the market, including Bitcoin (BTC), are not anonymous, but rather pseudonymous; while they do not explicitly reveal the identities of their users, each user has their own public address or addresses which can be traced back to them via the methods of data science and blockchain forensics.

Zcash transactions, on the other hand, still have to be relayed via a public blockchain, but unlike pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, ZEC transactions by default do not reveal the sending and receiving addresses or the amount being sent. There is an option, however, to reveal this data for the purposes of auditing or regulatory compliance.

Zcash was first released on October 28, 2016, and it was originally based on Bitcoin’s codebase.

Zcash

Uniswap is a popular decentralized trading protocol, known for its role in facilitating automated trading of decentralized finance (DeFi) tokens.

An example of an automated market maker (AMM), Uniswap launched in November 2018, but has gained considerable popularity this year thanks to the DeFi phenomenon and associated surge in token trading.

Uniswap aims to keep token trading automated and completely open to anyone who holds tokens, while improving the efficiency of trading versus that on traditional exchanges.

Uniswap creates more efficiency by solving liquidity issues with automated solutions, avoiding the problems which plagued the first decentralized exchanges.

In September 2020, Uniswap went a step further by creating and awarding its own governance token, UNI, to past users of the protocol. This added both profitability potential and the ability for users to shape its future — an attractive aspect of decentralized entities.