## 0x (ZRX) کیا ہے؟

0x ایک انفراسٹرکچر پروٹوکول ہے جو صارفین کو روایتی [کرپٹو کرنسی](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-cryptocurrencies) ایکسچینجز جیسے مرکزی ثالثین پر انحصار کیے بغیر [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ethereum/) بلاک چین پر با آسانی ERC20 ٹوکنز اور دیگر اثاثوں کی ٹریڈ کرنے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔

0x اس غیر مرکزی ایکسچینج کی فعالیت کو اوپن سورس، اور عوامی سطح پر قابل آڈٹ [اسمارٹ معاہدات](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) کے ایک مجموعے کے ذریعے حاصل کرتا ہے، جو ایک لچکدار، اور کم رکاوٹوں سے دوچار ٹریڈنگ پروٹوکول تیار کرنے کے لیے مل کر کام کرتے ہیں، جسے ڈویلپرز بآسانی اپنی پراڈکٹس کا حصّہ بنا سکتے ہیں۔

یہ پروٹوکول ایک ERC20 یوٹیلیٹی ٹوکن کی جانب سے تقویت یافتہ ہے جسے ZRX کہا جاتا ہے۔ نوڈز (جو ریلیئرز بھی کہلاتے ہیں) ایک آف چین آرڈر بک کی میزبانی کرتے ہیں، اور صارف سے متعلقہ ایسی ایپلیکیشنز کی پیشکش کرتے ہیں، جو یہ معلومات فراہم کرتی ہیں، اور صارفین کو ZRX ٹوکنز کی صورت میں ادائیگی شدہ (بطور ٹریڈنگ فیس) ٹرانزیکشنز کرنے، پوری کرنے اور منسوخ کرنے کی اجازت دیتی ہیں۔ ZRX کو پلیٹ فارم گورننس میں حصہ لینے کے لیے بھی استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ یہ پروٹوکول میں تبدیلیوں سے متعلق تجاویز پر رائے دہی میں ہولڈرز کی مدد کرتا ہے۔

سنہ 2019 میں، 0x نے ZRX ٹوکن کی اساسی تعمیر کا [اعلان کیا](https://blog.0xproject.com/0x-roadmap-2019-part-4-proposal-for-stake-based-liquidity-incentive-52c16558df29)، جس کا مقصد اضافی خصوصیات شامل کرنا، اور ZRX ہولڈرز کو اپنی رائے دہی کی صلاحیت کو برقرار رکھنے کی اجازت دینا تھا تاکہ وہ غیر فعال انعامات حاصل کرنے کے لیے اپنا اسٹیک، مارکیٹ میکرز کو ڈیلیگیٹ کر سکیں۔

### 0x کے بانیان کون ہیں؟

سنہ 2016 میں Will Warren اور Amir Bandeali نے 0x کی بنیاد رکھی۔ دونوں مشترکہ بانیوں نے پلیٹ فارم کے لئے خدمات جاری رکھی ہوئی ہیں، جن میں سے Will Warren، 0x کے CEOِ، جبکہ Amir Bandeali، CTO کے عہدے پر فائز ہیں۔

پلیٹ فارم نے سنہ 2017 میں ایک کامیاب ابتدائی کوائن کی پیشکش ([ICO](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-coin-offering-ico)) کے بعد کام کا آغاز کیا، جس کے دوران اس نے کل $24 ملین ڈالر بنائے — جس میں Polychain Capital, Pantera Capital اور FBG Capital سمیت دیگر کئی نامور سرمایہ کاری فرمز کی معاونت حاصل تھی۔

سیل-آؤٹ ICO سے پہلے، Warren نے تحقیقاتی نوعیت کے کئی کردار ادا کیے، اور [Basic Attention Token (BAT)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/basic-attention-token/) کے لیے ایک مختصر مدت کے لیے تکنیکی مشیر کا کردار ادا کیا۔ دوسری جانب Bandeali نے University of Illinois سے فنانس میں BSc کی ڈگری حاصل کی، اور 0x کی مشرکہ بُنیاد رکھنے سے پہلے بھی کئی تجارتی عہدوں پر فائز رہ چکے ہیں۔

اب یہ ٹیم 30 سے زائد افراد پر مشتمل ہے، جس میں انجینئرز، محققین اور ڈیزائنرز شامل ہیں، جو پلیٹ فارم کو اپ ڈیٹ کرنے، اور اس کی ہموار کارکردگی کے لیے کام کرتے ہیں۔

### وہ کیا چیز ہے جو 0x کو منفرد بناتی ہے؟

Ethereum کے دیگر بہت سے غیر مرکزی ایکسچینج پروٹوکولز کے برعکس 0x، فنجیبل (ERC20) اور نان فنجیبل (ERC-723)، دونوں طرح کے ٹوکنز کی معاونت کرتا ہے۔ اس کا مطلب ہے، کہ اسے اثاثوں کے ایک وسیع سلسلے کی عوامی ٹریڈنگ کے لیے استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے، جس کے ذریعے ہولڈرز کو ایک درجن سے زائد مختلف ایپس کے ذریعے Ethereum اثاثوں کی اکثریت کو خریدنے، بیچنے اور تبدیل کرنے کا ایک طریقہ فراہم کیا جا سکتا ہے۔

0x پروٹوکول کا اطلاق، ایک وسیع پیمانے پر استعمال کی مختلف صورتوں پر کیا جا سکتا ہے، جن میں ڈیجیٹل اشیا اور سروسز کے لیے eBay طرز کی مارکیٹ پلیسز، OTC ٹریڈنگ ڈیسکس، DeFi پروٹوکولز کے لیے تبادلے کی خصوصیت، اور پرانے طرز کے سادہ سے غیر مرکزی ایکسچینجز شامل ہیں۔

اگرچہ 0x کو انتہائی لچک دار ایکسچینج پراڈکٹس بنانے کے لیے استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے، تاہم اسے ایسی پراڈکٹس کے اندر بھی شامل کیا جا سکتا ہے جہاں اثاثہ جات کا تبادلہ ایک ثانوی خصوصیت سمجھا جاتا ہو — جیسے کہ درون گیم خریداریوں، اور پورٹ فولیو کی نظم کاری کے پلیٹ فارمز کے لیے۔

0x پروٹوکول پر، لیکویڈیٹی لینے والے ZRX ٹوکنز کی شکل میں فیس ادا کرتے ہیں — یہ فیس مارکیٹ میکر (ریلیئر) لیکویڈیٹی کو ترغیب دینے کے لیے استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔ صارفین کو Ether (ETH) کی شکل میں پروٹوکول فیس بھی ادا کرنی پڑتی ہے، جو ان کی جانب سے مکمل شدہ کسی بھی ٹرانزیکشنز میں استعمال شدہ گیس کی ادائیگی کے لیے استعمال کی جاتی ہے۔ ایک اوپن سورس پروٹوکول کے طور پر، 0x اس آمدنی کا کوئی حصہ وصول نہیں کرتا، بلکہ اس کی بجائے، ٹیم اور ڈویلپرز کی حوصلہ افزائی کے لیے ان لاک کردہ ZRX ٹوکنز کی جانب سے اس کی معاونت کی جاتی ہے — جس میں ابتدائی ICO فنڈنگ بھی شامل ہے۔

#### متعلقہ صفحات:

[Uniswap (UNI)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/uniswap/) کے بارے میں جانیں — 0x کا ایک جدید نعم البدل۔

یہ جاننے کے لیے [یہاں](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/how-to-use-uniswap) کلک کریں کہ ایک نوآموز کی حیثیت سے Uniswap کیسے استعمال کیا جائے۔

[Ferrum نیٹ ورک (FRM)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/currencies/ferrum-network/) مُلاحظہ کیجیے — بلاک چین پر مبنی مالیاتی پراڈکٹس بنانے کی غرض سے استعمال ہونے والا ایک پلیٹ فارم۔

[CoinMarketCap بلاگ](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/) کے ساتھ تازہ ترین خبروں کے متعلق جانیں۔

### فی الوقت کُل کتنے 0x (ZRX) کوائنز گردش میں ہیں؟

بہت سے ڈیجیٹل اثاثوں کی طرح، ZRX ٹوکن کی زیادہ سے زیادہ سپلائی بھی مقرر ہے، جس سے تجاوز کبھی بھی ممکن نہیں۔ یہ عدد 1 بلین ZRX پر مقرر کیا گیا ہے۔ فی الوقت، زیادہ سے زیادہ سپلائی کا تقریباً تین چوتھائی حصہ پہلے ہی گردش میں ہے، اور اس کا صرف ایک مختصر سا حصہ انعامات کی اسٹیکنگ کے لیے لاک ہے۔

بہت سے پروٹوکولز کے برعکس، 0x نے کبھی بھی نئے ZRX ٹوکنز کے اخراج کی شرح عوام النّاس پر ظاہر نہیں کی، جس کی وجہ سے یہ کہنا مشکل ہے کہ گردشی سپلائی کو مکمل طور پر کم کرنے میں کتنا وقت لگے گا۔ لیکن جب 50% گردشی سپلائی کے ساتھ اگست سنہ 2017 میں ٹوکن کا آغاز ہوا، اور مزید 75% سپلائی اکتوبر سنہ 2020 میں جاری کی گئی، تو اس سے یہ بھی واضح ہوا کہ، سنہ 2020 کی دہائی کے اوائل میں مکمل کمی کی تکمیل ہو سکتی ہے۔

0x کے CEO جناب Will Warren کے [بلاگ میں ایک ابتدائی اندراج](https://blog.0xproject.com/announcing-the-0x-token-zrx-launch-d4c097d893c7) کے مطابق، ZRX ٹوکن کی کُل سپلائی کا نصف، سنہ 2017 کے ICO کے دوران سرمایہ کاروں کو فروخت کیا گیا تھا، جبکہ 15% ہر ایک 0x کور ڈویلپمنٹ آرگنائزیشن اور بیرونی پراجیکٹ ڈویلپمنٹ فنڈ کے لیے مختص ہے، اسی طرح، مزید 10% بُنیاد رکھنے والی ٹیم کے لیے چار سالہ ویسٹنگ شیڈول، اور ایک سال پر مُحیط کلف کے لیے وقف ہے، بقایا 10% شروعات میں پشت پناہی کرنے والوں اور مشیروں کے لیے برقرار رکھا گیا ہے۔

### 0x نیٹ-ورک کو کیسے محفوظ بنایا جاتا ہے؟

0x کو Ethereum بلاک چین کی بالائی سطح کے اوپر بنایا گیا ہے۔ تنیجتاً، اسے Ethereum کے بھاری بھر کم مائنر، اور نوڈ نیٹ-ورک کی طرف سے متوقع حملوں کی مشترکہ کوششوں کے خلاف تحفظ حاصل ہوتا ہے۔

جہاں تک بنیادی اسمارٹ معاہدات کا تعلق ہے، پروٹوکول کے ورژن 3 کا چند فریق-ثالث-فرموں سے آڈٹ کروایا گیا، جنہوں نے یہ پتا لگانے کے لئے جانچ پڑتال کی کہ کہیں اس میں کسی قسم کی بنیادی کمزوریاں، چور راستے اور بے کار افعال تو موجود نہیں، جیسے کہ [ConsenSys Diligence](https://diligence.consensys.net/audits/2019/09/0x-v3-exchange/) — تاہم، کسی بڑے مسئلے کا سُراغ نہیں ملا۔

تاہم، v2.0 اسمارٹ معاہدے میں ایک کمزوری پائی گئی، جسے بعد میں 0x بنیادی ٹیم نے ٹھیک کیا۔ ایک آزاد محقق نے اس خامی کی [نشاندہی کی](https://blog.0xproject.com/shut-down-of-0x-exchange-v2-0-contract-and-migration-to-patched-version-6185097a1f39) تھی۔ تاہم، اس کا تذکرہ نہیں کیا گیا۔ 0x، فراخ دلی کے ساتھ بگ باؤنٹی کو مسلسل جاری رکھے ہوئے ہے، تاکہ مسائل کے سر اُبھارنے سے پہلے ہی ان کا پتا لگانے اور حل کرنے میں مدد ملے۔

### آپ 0x (ZRX) کہاں سے خریدے جا سکتے ہیں؟

ZRX فی الحال 200 سے زائد مختلف ایکسچینج پلیٹ فارمز پر ٹریڈ کے لیے دستیاب ہے، لیکن سب سے زیادہ مقبول ایکسچینجز میں [Coinbase Pro](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/coinbase-pro/)، [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/binance/)، اور [BitMax](https://coinmarketcap.com/ur/exchanges/bitmax/) شامل ہیں۔ فی الحال اس کی ٹریڈ، دیگر کرپٹو کرنسیوں کے ایک وسیع سلسلے کے بالمقابل کی جا سکتی ہے، بشمول Bitcoin (BTC)، Tether (USDT) اور Ethereum (ETH)، نیز کئی فیاٹ کرنسیاں بھی اس میں شامل ہیں، جیسے کہ، امریکی ڈالرز (USD)، یوروز (EUR) اور جنوبی کوریائی وون (KRW)۔

کیا آپ اپنی فیاٹ کو کرپٹو میں تبدیل کرنا چاہتے ہیں؟ [پتا لگائیے کیسے](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/)۔

0x v2 features the lowest revert rate in the industry, up to 𝟏𝟎𝐱 𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 than the next closest competitor.

⬇️ revert rate + ⬆️ successful trades = 🔥 trading experience 

Welcome to 0x Protocol's Community channel aggregated by CoinMarketCap.

Put an end to failed trades.

0x v2 features the lowest revert rate in the industry, up to 𝟏𝟎𝐱 𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 than the next closest competitor.

⬇️ revert rate + ⬆️ successful trades = 🔥 trading experience 
Are you ready to get serious?
https://go.0x.org/0x-v2-next-gen-pricing-engine

Outstanding allowances on upgradable smart contracts expose 

0x v2 fully eliminates allowance risk by baking in protection at the ground level using the latest innovations in limited token approvals ✅

2/ Still today, it’s laborious and gas-expensive to manage allowances, requiring users to constantly audit approvals with tools like 

 million has been stolen in approval exploits since 2020 🤯 

3/ A security vulnerability can strike at any time and affect even the best of teams.

In order to protect users and keep funds safe, we need to fundamentally reconsider the dapp allowance model by avoiding the infinite approval pattern altogether.

4/ 0x v2 does just that - single-use approvals eliminate allowance risk and protect your users and your reputation ✅

Book a v2 onboarding session to get early access: 

Are your users at risk?  👀

Outstanding allowances on upgradable smart contracts expose $6.5B.

0x v2 fully eliminates allowance risk by baking in protection at the ground level using the latest innovations in limited token approvals ✅

Learn how 👇
https://go.0x.org/0x-v2-eliminate-allowance-risk
2/ Still today, it’s laborious and gas-expensive to manage allowances, requiring users to constantly audit approvals with tools like http://revoke.cash or risk losing their tokens.

Over $405 million has been stolen in approval exploits since 2020 🤯 
3/ A security vulnerability can strike at any time and affect even the best of teams.

In order to protect users and keep funds safe, we need to fundamentally reconsider the dapp allowance model by avoiding the infinite approval pattern altogether.
4/ 0x v2 does just that - single-use approvals eliminate allowance risk and protect your users and your reputation ✅

With 0x v2, you don't have to trust us. 
5/ Ready to get serious?

Book a v2 onboarding session to get early access: https://go.0x.org/get-early-access-v2

Learn more about Permit2: https://go.0x.org/0x-v2-eliminate-allowance-risk

A Deep Dive Into How the Top 10 DAOs Work

Binance

0x Protocol

Ledger

Coinbase

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Atomic wallet

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Pepe

Basic Attention Token

OriginTrail

Memecoin

SuperVerse

dYdX (ethDYDX)

Echelon Prime

Holo

Rocket Pool

Ankr

Zedxion

Fluence

Cajutel

Rebase GG

Biaoqing

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

Bancor is an ecosystem of decentralized, open-source protocols that promote on-chain trading and liquidity.

Its main protocol, Carbon, is a decentralized trading protocol allowing users to perform automated trading strategies using custom on-chain limit orders and range orders, with the option of combining orders together to create automated buy low, sell high strategies.

By design, Carbon orders are irreversible on execution, easily adjustable directly on-chain, and resistant to MEV sandwich attacks. These capabilities give users an unprecedented level of control and automation to perform novel trading strategies on-chain.

Fast Lane, a separate open-source arbitrage protocol, allows any user to perform arbitrage between Bancor ecosystem protocols and external on-chain exchanges and redirect arbitrage profits back to the Bancor ecosystem.

All Bancor ecosystem protocols are governed by the BancorDAO via staked BNT.

Bancor

Ren (REN) is an open protocol built to provide interoperability and liquidity between different blockchain platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Ren.

Formerly known as Republic Protocol, Ren launched RenVM, its virtual machine mainnet, in May 2020, having completed a $34 million initial coin offering (ICO) in 2018.

The protocol’s native token, REN, functions as a bond for those running nodes which power RenVM, known as Darknodes.

Ren aims to expand the interoperability, and hence accessibility, of decentralized finance (DeFi) by removing hurdles involved in liquidity between blockchains.

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

UMA was founded in 2018 by Allison Lu and Hart Lambur, two ex Goldman Sachs traders, with the goal of making global markets universally fair, accessible, secure and decentralized.

The team drew inspiration from traditional finance derivatives to define an open-source protocol to allow anyone, anywhere, to design and build trustless financial contracts.

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

Balancer is an automated market maker (AMM) that was developed on the Ethereum blockchain and launched in March 2020. It was able to raise a $3M seed round by Placeholder and Accomplice. Balancer protocol functions as a self-balancing weighted portfolio, price sensor and liquidity provider. It allows users to earn profits through its recently introduced token ($BAL) by contributing to customizable liquidity pools.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Balancer(https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-balancer.

The protocol operates a few types of pools:

Private pools give the owner governance over the pool, and make the person the sole contributor of liquidity to the pool. Also, all the parameters are mutable by the owner.

Shared pools are for those who want to become liquidity providers (LPs). The LPs are rewarded with the Balancer Pool Tokens (BPTs).

Smart pools are similar to private pools but are controlled by a smart contract. They also reward using BPTs and allow anyone to contribute liquidity to the pool.

Balancer

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

LRC is the Ethereum-based cryptocurrency token of Loopring, an open protocol designed for the building of decentralized crypto exchanges.

In 2020, the average daily trading volume of the entire cryptocurrency market fluctuated in the approximate range of $50-$200 million. Most of that trading is conducted on centralized cryptocurrency exchanges — online platforms operated by private companies that store users’ funds and facilitate the matching of buy and sell orders.

Such platforms have a number of downsides common to all of them, so a new type of exchange — decentralized— has emerged to try to alleviate these disadvantages. However, fully decentralized exchanges are not without their own flaws.

Loopring’s purported goal is to combine centralized order matching with decentralized on-blockchain order settlement into a hybridized product that will take the best aspects of both centralized and decentralized exchanges.

LRC tokens became available to the public during an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2017, while the Loopring protocol was first deployed on Ethereum mainnet in December 2019.

Loopring

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

Apps use ICON to operate cross-chain seamlessly, build momentum and gain reputation. ICON's Cross-Chain Framework simplifies cross-chain development with its easy-to-use xCall messaging standard and connections to secure bridging protocols.

ICON

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.

Launched in January 2020, Curve is now synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) phenomenon, and has seen significant growth in the second half of 2020.

In August, Curve launched a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), with CRV as its in-house token. The DAO uses Ethereum-based creation tool Aragon to connect multiple smart contracts used for users’ deposited liquidity. Issues such as governance, however, differ from Aragon in their weighting and other respects.

Curve DAO Token

Storj, pronounced as “storage,” is an open-source cloud storage platform. Basically, it uses a decentralized network of nodes to host user data. The platform also secures hosted data using advanced encryption.

In a white paper published in December,2014, Storj was first introduced to the world as a concept. It was to be a decentralized peer-to-peer encrypted cloud storage platform.

Two years later, an updated white paper was published. Here, a decentralized network  — connecting users who need cloud storage space with those who have hard drive space to sell — was described. The platform was launched in late 2018.

People with hard drive space and good internet connectivity can participate in the network. They become a unit in the network, called a node. Space providers are rewarded by Storj tokens.

Storj

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. EOS is fully decentralized power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Yearn.finance is an aggregator service for decentralized finance (DeFi) investors, using automation to allow them to maximize profits from yield farming.

Its goal is to simplify the ever-expanding DeFi space for investors who are not technically minded or who wish to interact in a less committal manner than serious traders.

Launched in February 2020, the service, formerly known as iEarn, has seen huge growth in recent months as new products debuted and developers released in-house token YFI.

yearn.finance

Zcash is a decentralized cryptocurrency focused on privacy and anonymity. It uses the zk-SNARK zero-knowledge proof technology that allows nodes on the network to verify transactions without revealing any sensitive information about those transactions.

Contrary to a common misunderstanding, the majority of cryptocurrencies on the market, including Bitcoin (BTC), are not anonymous, but rather pseudonymous; while they do not explicitly reveal the identities of their users, each user has their own public address or addresses which can be traced back to them via the methods of data science and blockchain forensics.

Zcash transactions, on the other hand, still have to be relayed via a public blockchain, but unlike pseudonymous cryptocurrencies, ZEC transactions by default do not reveal the sending and receiving addresses or the amount being sent. There is an option, however, to reveal this data for the purposes of auditing or regulatory compliance.

Zcash was first released on October 28, 2016, and it was originally based on Bitcoin’s codebase.

Zcash

Celo is a carbon-negative, permissionless, blockchain with a rich ecosystem of global partners building innovative Web3 dapps to support a more inclusive financial system. Accessible to anyone with a mobile phone, the Celo ecosystem consists of a decentralized, proof-of-stake blockchain technology stack (the Celo platform), CELO governance asset, and several Mento stable assets (cUSD, cEUR, cREAL) that allow for real-world users to use digital assets. The open source Celo mainnet launched on Earth Day 2020.  The Celo community passed an indicative on-chain governance proposal (temperature check) to have Celo migrate to an Ethereum layer-2.  Google Cloud, Deutsche Telekom, Telefonica, and many others run validators on the Celo Platform.  Today, the Platform supports 1,000+ projects in over 150 countries are building on Celo to, helping to create the conditions of prosperity for all.  For more information, please visit Celo.org.