## ما هي هولو (HOT)؟

هولو (Holo) هي منصة موزعة [من نظير إلى نظير](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/peer-to-peer-p2p) تستضيف التطبيقات اللامركزية التي تم إنشاؤها باستخدام (Holochain)، وهي إطار لتطوير [التطبيقات اللامركزية](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-applications-dapps) لا يتطلب استخدام تقنية [سلسلة الكتل](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain). يكمن الهدف الرئيسي من هولو في أن تشكّل جسراً بين الإنترنت الأوسع والتطبيقات التي يتم إنشاؤها باستخدام Holochain، مما يوفر نظاماً بيئياً وسوقاً يسهل الوصول إلى التطبيقات اللامركزية القائمة فيها، وذلك من خلال السماح للمشاركون في شبكة هولو باستضافتها على الانترنت.

سيتم إجراء المعاملات في شبكة هولو باستخدام رمز مشفّر يسمى HoloFuel، والذي يتم [اختباره](https://blog.holochain.org/holofuel-enters-community-testing-phase/) بنشاط و[سيعمل](https://holo.host/faq/what-is-holo-fuel/) كنظام محاسبي للدفع لموفري خدمات الاستضافة. في عام 2018، أنشأ المشروع رمزاً مشفراً قائما على معيار [ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20)، HOT — المعروف أيضاً باسم هولو توكن — على أنه "مقابل قيمة"، أي يمكن [استبداله](https://holo.host/faq/what-is-hot-when-can-i-swap-it-for-holo-fuel/) بـ رمز HoloFuel المشفّر بمجرد إطلاق هذا الأخير.

لا تزال هولو قيد [التطوير](https://medium.com/h-o-l-o/the-path-from-rsm-to-beta-1fdca3f581a) ومن [المتوقع](https://holo.host/roadmap/) إطلاقها لاختبارات ألفا وبيتا المفتوحة بحلول عام 2021.

### من هم مؤسسو هولو؟

[تأسست](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=2963267.0) هولو من قبل آرثر بروك، وإيريك هاريس براون، وهما مبرمجي عقود ذكية من ذوي الخبرة. [بدأ](https://medium.com/holochain/holochain-wins-missteps-and-next-steps-600812bc9ecc) الاثنان العمل على المشروع لأول مرة في ديسمبر 2016 كجزء من مشروع (MetaCurrency)، وهو مطور للأدوات والتكنولوجيا المصممة لتعزيز اقتصاد من نظير إلى نظير في المستقبل. تبلورت فكرة هولو جزئياً بعد قيامهما بعمل (Ceptr)، وهو إطار من نظير إلى نظير للتطبيقات اللامركزي، وكان قد عمل عليه كلاهما.

يتمتع بروك بخبرة سابقة في برمجة أنظمة العملات البديلة باعتباره مؤسساً لـ (Geek Gene)، وهي شركة طورت أدوات بناء المجتمعات الإلكترونية، إلى جانب أكثر من 100 حل قائمة على العملات البديلة. كما شارك في تأسيس مختبرات القادة الناشئين لحاضنة المشاريع الاجتماعية، وأسس مراكز تعليمية مفتوحة المصدر "مجموعة مبتدئة" للتعلم الرشيق. في مارس 2019، تم [تعيين](https://stories.ehf.org/ehf-fellow-arthur-brock-4c800185a8e6) بروك زميلاً في زمالة إدموند هيلاري ومقرها نيوزيلندا.

أمّا هاريس براون، فقد بدأ البرمجة بدوام كامل في عام 1988 وهو مؤسس برنامج (Glass Bead)، لتطوير برامج الاتصال من نظير إلى نظير، بالإضافة إلى كونه مؤسساً مشاركاً لمختبرات القادة الناشئين جنباً إلى جنب مع بروك. في عام 2003، شارك في تأسيس شركة Harris - Braun Enterprises، وهي شركة مستقلة لتطوير البرمجيات والاستشارات. كما [عمل](https://centerforneweconomics.org/people/eric-harris-braun/) في المجلس الاستشاري لمركز شوماخر للاقتصاد الجديد.

### ما الذي يميّز هولو؟

وفقاً للمستند الفني التعريفي "الورقة الخضراء "، تم [تصميم](https://files.holo.host/2018/03/Holo-Green-Paper.pdf) هولو لتكون بمثابة جسر بين (Holochain)، القائمة في عالم تكنولوجيا التشفير، والمستخدمين اليوميين. ويسلط المشروع الضوء على العديد من الابتكارات التي يقول إنها "ستمكن من إحداث تحول كبير في مشهد تطبيقات العملات المشفرة "، بما في ذلك القدرة على استضافة تطبيقات من نظير إلى نظير على الإنترنت للمستخدمين العاديين.

تعتمد شبكة هولو على سلسلة من المضيفين الذين يوفرون إمكانات [التخزين](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/storage-decentralized) والمعالجة للتطليقات اللامركزية التي يتم بناؤها باستخدام سلسلة (Holochain). حيث يقوم المضيفون إما بتثبيت البرنامج على كمبيوتراتهم الشخصية لتعمل في الخلفية ويخصص جزءاً من قوة المعالجة للتطليقات اللامركزية القائمة على سلسلة هولوتشين، أو يقومون بتشغيل جهاز مخصص مثل [HoloPort](https://holo.host/faq/what-is-a-holoport/). في المقابل، يدفع لمقدمي خدمات الاستضافة بواسطة HoloFuel، وهو رمز مشفّر مصمم خصيصاً للمعاملات الصغيرة. وكان الهدف [المتوقع](https://medium.com/h-o-l-o/holo-the-evolution-of-cloud-computing-57a0a281b88b) من تصميم HoloFuel، هو السماح لشبكة هولو بمعالجة مليارات المعاملات المتزامنة.

تركز خطة عمل المشروع على بناء نظام بيئي للمضيفين والتطبيقات من نظير إلى نظير، وتشبه تأثيره المقصود على استضافة التطبيقات بتأثير أوبر، واير بي ان بي على صناعتي سيارات الأجرة والفنادق. [تفرض](https://holo.host/faq/is-there-a-transaction-fee/) هولو رسوماً على معاملات HoloFuel، لذلك يرتبط نموذج إيراداتها ارتباطاً مباشراً بزيادة عدد التطبيقات والمضيفين على الشبكة.

#### صفحات ذات صلة:

تعرف على [إيثريوم](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/ethereum)، المنصة الأكثر شيوعاً لاستخدام التطبيقات اللامركزية.

تعرّف على [سياكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/siacoin/)، الرمز المشفّر الذي يشغل منصة التخزين السحابية اللامركزية "سيا".

هل تريد تجربة تطبيق لامركزي؟ تعلّم كيفية الوصول بسهولة إلى أحد هذه التطبيقات بواسطة هاتفك المحمول من خلال [الدليل المفصّل](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/how-to-access-dapps-on-your-mobile-phone) على Alexandria، المورد التعليمي الإلكتروني من CoinMarketCap.

تابع أحدث مستجدات المنصات والتطبيقات اللامركزية مع [مدونة CoinMarketCap](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog).

### كم عدد عملات هولو (HOT) الموجودة في التداول؟

[أجرت](https://medium.com/h-o-l-o/announcing-holo-ico-launch-75c1e7c17f7b) هولو "طرحاً مجتمعياً أولياً" من مارس 2018 حتى أبريل 2018. في نهاية المطاف، تم [سكّ](https://holo.host/hot-stats/) (ترميز) 177.6 مليار HOT من خلال عملية قائمة على حجم الطلب، مع تخصيص 133.2 مليار HOT أي (75%) للبيع العام و44.4 مليار HOT أي (25%) للفريق والشركة. [لم تخضع](https://medium.com/h-o-l-o/why-theres-no-vesting-in-the-holo-ico-feb4f180e8b2) الرموز المشفّرة الخصة بالفريق لفترات استحقاق أو قفل محددة.

وبمجرد إطلاق HoloFuel، سيكون بإمكاني حاملي HOT استبدالها بنسبة واحد إلى واحد مقابل رموز HoloFuel المشفرة. في يناير 2019، [ذكرت](https://medium.com/h-o-l-o/hot-to-holo-fuel-swap-announcement-e64d59a77aaf) هولو أنه بدلاً من أن يتم حرقها على الفور، سيتم الاحتفاظ بعملات HOT التي تمت مبادلتها كعملة احتياطية لتوفير السيولة لحاملي HoloFuel.

[لا يخضع](https://holo.host/faq/why-is-there-no-supply-limit-for-holo-fuel/) رمز HoloFuel لسقف محدد للمعروض الإجمالي. بل إنه [مصمم](https://holo.host/faq/how-does-holo-fuels-dynamic-supply-work/) ليكون ديناميكياً ويتضمن نظاماً ائتمانياً، مما يسمح للمستخدمين بالحصول على أرصدة سلبية. بينما يتم [التحكم](https://medium.com/h-o-l-o/holo-fuel-economics-101-c9631d63014a) في المعروض خوارزمياً، وتنفيذ العقود الذكية والتوسع استجابة للطلب ومع تغير العلاقات بين المستخدمين ذوي التوازنات السلبية والإيجابية. وتأمل هولو من ذلك أن يحافظ على سعر عملاتها الرمزية مستقراً نسبياً ضمن الآجال القصيرة، وحمايتها من تقلبات الأسعار الواسعة.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة هولو؟

تعمل شبكة هولو كجسر بين الإنترنت المركزي وهولوتشين، وهي لا تعتمد في ذلك على تقنية سلسلة الكتل التقليدية. وبالتالي، فإنها لا تعتمد على نموذج [الإجماع](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus) المعروف لتأمين شبكاتها. بدلاً من ذلك، [يمتلك كل تطبيق لامركزي](https://holo.host/faq/how-does-holochain-manage-consensus-data-integrity/) مجموعته الخاصة من قواعد التحقق وسلسلة تجزئة محلية يمكنه من خلالها تخزين السجلات الموقعة بتشفير. وعندما يتم نقل البيانات عبر عقد متعددة، يعمل الأقران العشوائيون كمدققين، حيث يتلقون البيانات ويتحققون من أنها تتبع القواعد الصحيحة. يستخدم المدققون بروتوكول "جوسيب" لمشاركة البيانات الجيدة بين بعضهم البعض والتحذير من البيانات السيئة أو القائمة السوداء.

ووفقا لما ذكره فريق التطوير القائم عليها، [صُممت](https://blog.holochain.org/privacy-and-security-on-the-holo-network/) هذه الهيكلية لتكون لا مركزية قدر الإمكان من أجل الحد من المخاطر المرتبطة بمنح أي كيان واحد قدرا أكبر مما ينبغي من السلطة. كما يتم تشفير الاتصال بين المضيفين والتطبيقات من طرف إلى طرف، وتستخدم هولو شبكة من الخوادم الموزعة عالمياً.

### أين يمكنك شراء هولو (HOT)؟

يمكن شراء HOT في بورصات [العملات المشفرة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-cryptocurrencies) مثل [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/binance/) و[Bitrue](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/bitrue/) و[ProBit Exchange](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/probit-exchange/) و[MXC.COM](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/mxc/) وغيرها. حيث يمكن تداولها في الأسواق الفورية مقابل العملات الورقية مثل الدولار الأمريكي واليورو والعملات المشفرة مثل [بيتكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin) (BTC)، و[إيثريوم](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/ethereum) (ETH)، والعملات المستقرة مثل [دولار تيثر](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/tether/) (USDT).

هل أنت مهتم بشراء HOT أو غيرها من العملات المشفرة مثل [بيتكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin)؟ توفّر CoinMarketCap [دليلاً مُبسطاً](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) لكل ما تحتاج معرفته حول العملات المُشفرة وكيفية إجراء عملية شرائك الأولى.

وفيما يلي بعض المقالات الأخرى، التي قد تهمك:

* [ما هو صنبور العملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [ما هي بطاقات السحب المصرفية للعملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [ما هو Web 3.0؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [ماذا تعني زراعة الغلال (Yield Farming)؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [ما هو إقراض العملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

Binance

Holo

Ledger

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Atomic wallet

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

Uniswap

Pepe

Axelar

Convex Finance

SPACE ID

Golem

Illuvium

MX Token

0x Protocol

SuperVerse

Echelon Prime

Biconomy

BasedAI

VTRADING

Nettensor

Metahorse Unity

Mountain Protocol

Launched in 2017, Dent is a revolutionary digital mobile operator offering eSIM cards, mobile data plans, call minutes top-ups and a roaming-free experience. According to the company website, Dent employs blockchain technology’s powers to create a global marketplace for mobile data liberalization.

Dent has an ambitious roadmap ahead, with plans to expand its services to new markets by the end of 2021. The company has already attracted more than twenty-five million mobile device users, and Dent services are available in more than 140 countries. Enterprise partnerships for Dent include Samsung Blockchain, The Enterprise Ethereum Alliance and Telecom Infra.

Dent

Harmony is a blockchain platform designed to facilitate the creation and use of decentralized applications (DApps). The network aims to innovate the way decentralized applications work by focusing on random state sharding, which allows creating blocks in seconds.

According to the project’s website, Harmony is expected to introduce cross-shard contracts and a cross-chain infrastructure by the end of 2021.

Harmony

Zilliqa is a public, permissionless blockchain that is designed to offer high throughput with the ability to complete thousands of transactions per second. It seeks to solve the issue of blockchain scalability and speed by employing sharding as a second-layer scaling solution. The platform is home to many decentralized applications, and as of October 2020, it also allows for staking and yield farming.

Development work officially started on Zilliqa in June 2017, and its testnet went live in March 2018. A little over a year later, in June 2019, the platform launched its mainnet.

The native utility token of Zilliqa, ZIL, is used to process transactions on the network and execute smart contracts.

Zilliqa

Siacoin (SC) is the native utility token of Sia, a blockchain-based distributed, decentralized cloud storage platform. Sia acts as a secure, trustless marketplace for cloud storage in which users can lease access to their unused storage space. Agreements and transactions are enforced with smart contracts, and Siacoin is the medium of exchange for paying for storage on the network. The main goal of the project is to become the "backbone storage layer of the internet."

Sia was originally announced in May 2014 before being revised and re-announced a year later in May 2015. It officially launched in June 2015.

Siacoin

VeChainThor (VET) is a versatile enterprise-grade L1 smart contract platform whose origins began in 2015. VeChain is known as a pioneer of real-world enterprise applications, and built a distributed platform powered by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, NFC chips and blockchain to help various industries solve data-related challenges.

VeChain solves major blockchain adoption hurdles. The platform uses an intelligent two token model, VET and VTHO, separating the protocol's Store of Value and gas fee payment mechanisms, ensuring costs can be kept low and stable. Fee delegation allows smart contracts to pay gas fees on behalf of business users, and an advanced transaction model allows data to be packaged more efficiently while ensuring finality of data.

VeChain is focused on delivering a wave of incentive-based sustainability dApps through its new platform, VeBetterDAO, working closely with Boston Consulting Group to achieve adoption across enterprise and individual users, and helping  onboard the next billion users to Web3 over the coming decade.

From supply chains to sustainability, VeChain has continuously demonstrated its leading role as a driver of blockchain in business, and is dedicated to its role as a pioneer of driving real world adoption of blockchain technology.

VeChain

Chiliz is the leading digital currency for sports and entertainment by the eponymous Malta-based FinTech provider. It operates the blockchain-based sports entertainment platform Socios, which enables users to participate in the governance of their favorite sports brands. Multiple fan tokens by Socios.com are an example of that. For sports clubs and associations, fan tokens offer a way of connecting with their fans and unlocking new revenue streams.

For instance, fans can participate and influence club-related decisions through surveys and polls, such as messages the captain should wear on his armband. The company aims to bridge the gap between being an active and a passive fan. Chiliz has developed partnerships with some of the biggest sporting institutions in the world: FC Barcelona, Manchester City, Juventus Turin, and Paris Saint-Germain. It also boasts partnerships with the UFC and gaming organizations. By purchasing CHZ, fans get access to various fan tokens and literally have a stake in their club.

Chiliz

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

NEM is a blockchain platform that was launched in March of 2015. It was one of the pioneers of the cryptocurrency industry, and sought to improve on the imperfections found on other chains at the time. It was one of the first non-turing complete chains to feature user-defined tokens (called mosaics), namespaces, multisignature accounts, and a P2P reputation system based on EigenTrust++. Its most notable contribution to the space is the proof-of-importance consensus mechanism, which sought to reward on-chain activity and deter the concentration of wealth commonly associated with proof-of-stake. Its client, NIS, is written in Java.

NEM has a global community. It sees the most utility as an alternative form of payment for businesses and vendors, and has a variety of social media apps built on top of it in Japan, such as nemgraph, a community-driven owned and operated alternative to Instagram.

In December 2021, NEM was hard forked by a pseudonymous team of cryptocurrency experts and enthusiasts alike. Titled Harlock, this hard fork signaled the community’s intent to take NEM from a shadow of its former self into the world’s leading payments platform for on-chain and off-chain media content.

WINkLink

Reef is a Reliable Extensible Efficient Fast Layer-1 Blockchain for DeFi, NFT & Gaming. Built using Substrate Framework, it provides high scalability, enabling almost instant low-cost transactions, and supports Solidity and EVM, allowing developers to seamlessly migrate their DApps from Ethereum without any change in the codebase.

Reef Chain is the most advanced EVM-compatible blockchain. It's self-upgradable and has on-chain governance. Its infrastructure also allows for EVM extensions which allows for native token bridge, scheduled calls (ie. recurring payments), and smart contract in-place code upgrades. In the near future, it will support additional VMs which will allow developers to write code in multiple programming languages. The network runs on a Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism, which offers scalability and low fees.

REEF is the native token that is used for:

Fees for processing transactions and storing data.

Running validator nodes by staking REEF tokens.

Nominating which validator nodes should be part of the network.

Reef is backed by multiple leading funds and venture capitalists including NGC, QCP, Bitcoin.com, Kenetic Capital, LD Capital, TRG Capital, Krypital Group, Genesis Block, Woodstock Fund and others.

Reef Chain development tools include:

Remix and EVM integrated development environments for uploading and deploying smart contracts.

Reefscan blockchain explorer to assist with deploying validators, bonding and nominating validators, debugging contracts, and understanding network performance.

Reef command line tools that allow developers deploy applications from local environments.

Reef wallet for accessing and interacting with the blockchain

Reef

eCash (XEC) is the rebranded version of Bitcoin Cash ABC (BCHA), itself a fork of Bitcoin (BTC) and Bitcoin Cash (BCH). It calls itself a “cryptocurrency that’s designed to be used as electronic cash.” eCash strictly aims to be a means of transaction used to pay for goods and services. The coin was rebranded on July 1, 2021, and has since tried to distinguish itself from its predecessor. The base units of eCash are called “bits” and replace the unwieldy decimal places of Bitcoin Cash ABC. Instead of sending 0.00001000 BTC, you would send 10 bits with eCash. ECash integrates a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus layer called “Avalanche,” which is not to be mistaken for the blockchain Avalanche (AVAX). Upon rebranding, eCash announced that it would convert all BCHA coins to XEC at a ratio of one to one million.

The cryptocurrency’s developers have set their sights on three main improvements:

Scaling transaction throughput from 100 transactions per second to more than five million transactions per second

Improving the payment experience by reducing transaction finality time

Extending the protocol and establishing fork-free upgrades

eCash

Ravencoin is a digital peer-to-peer (P2P) network that aims to implement a use case specific blockchain, designed to efficiently handle one specific function: the transfer of assets from one party to another. Built on a fork of the Bitcoin code, Ravencoin was announced on Oct. 31, 2017 and released binaries for mining on Jan. 3, 2018 with what is called a fair launch: no premine, ICO or masternodes. It was named in reference to a TV show Game of Thrones.

Ravencoin

What Is Ankr (ANKR)?

Ankr is a decentralized blockchain infrastructure provider that operates an array of nodes globally distributed across over 50 Proof-of-Stake networks. This infrastructure helps drive the growth of the crypto economy while powering a full suite of multi-chain tools for Web3 users:

Ankr Build
Ankr provides comprehensive blockchain developer solutions, including traditional APIs, a decentralized multi-chain network of public RPC nodes used to access blockchain data and execute code, and tools like Ankr Scan to view on-chain information across blockchains.

Ankr Earn
Ankr Earn makes staking, liquid staking, and other yield-earning opportunities easy and accessible to any crypto investor. Ankr creates the most scalable and decentralized staking infrastructure solution that aims to solve the capital inefficiency of Proof-of-Stake networks and similar blockchain consensus mechanisms.

Ankr Learn
Through Ankr’s learning tools, tutorials, and docs, anyone can become a better user or developer of blockchain-based systems.

Ankr

DigiByte (DGB) is an open source blockchain and asset creation platform. Development began in October 2013 and the genesis block of its DGB token was mined in January 2014 as a fork of Bitcoin (BTC).

A longstanding public blockchain and cryptocurrency, DigiByte uses five different algorithms to improve security, and originally aimed to improve on the Bitcoin blockchain’s security, capacity and transaction speed.

DigiByte consists of three layers: a smart contract “App Store,” a public ledger and the core protocol featuring nodes communicating to relay transactions.

DigiByte

Decentraland (MANA) defines itself as a virtual reality platform powered by the Ethereum blockchain that allows users to create, experience, and monetize content and applications.

In this virtual world, users purchase plots of land that they can later navigate, build upon and monetize.

Decentraland was launched following a $24 million initial coin offering (ICO) that was conducted in 2017. The virtual world launched its closed beta in 2019 and opened to the public in February 2020. Since then, users have created a wide range of experiences on their parcels of LAND, including interactive games, sprawling 3D scenes and a variety of other interactive experiences.

Decentraland uses two tokens: MANA and LAND. MANA is an ERC-20 token that must be burned to acquire non-fungible ERC-721 LAND tokens. MANA tokens can also be used to pay for a range of avatars, wearables, names, and more on the Decentraland marketplace.

Decentraland (MANA) is a decentralized virtual world platform with software based on the Ethereum blockchain, where users create, test and monetize content. In short: users buy virtual plots of land as NFTs with MANA tokens on the Decentraland platform. Progress in the game depends only on players themselves, their efforts and their imagination.

The digital platform is completely owned by its users. Within the Decentraland metaverse, participants can explore the virtual world, purchase plots of land that can be monetized, create works of art, own non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and take part in a decentralized autonomous organization of the platform Decentraland DAO. Due to the DAO, the community influences the development vector of the project.

In addition, users have access to interactive applications, in-world payments and peer-to-peer communication. The 3D world resonates with many participants as Decentraland has many applications, both entertainment for gamers and business for investors.

Two types of tokens called MANA and LAND govern operations in Decentraland. They also allow users to interact with the platform.

MANA is the official currency of Decentraland. It’s an ERC-20 standard token that powers the Decentraland platform. With MANA, users can purchase plots of LAND, as well as pay for in-game items and services.

MANA gives its holders the right to vote in Decentraland DAO. MANA can be purchased on a cryptocurrency exchange or by selling collectibles on Decentraland Marketplace. The owner of tokens converts them to wrapped MANA, or wMANA, and then commits them to the DAO. One wMANA equals one vote. MANA can be exchanged for fiat currency and other digital assets.

As for LAND, it’s a non-fungible token (NFT) based on Ethereum (ETH). It is used to track ownership of land parcels aka digital real estate. Like MANA, LAND is part of the protocol and confers voting rights, but LAND does not need to be fixed in the DAO. One LAND is equal to two thousand votes.

Players choose what to do with their land. Owners store tokens in crypto wallets and buy necessities with MANA tokens on the Decentraland Marketplace. Moreover, on the marketplace, participants can manage or exchange LAND tokens (priced in MANA). Holders use the marketplace to transact or transfer in-game items. All transactions are conducted, regulated and registered via the Ethereum blockchain.

Decentraland combines an online gaming space and blockchain technology. All control over the rules is given to the players, and token holders vote on in-game and organizational policies. The original goal was to form a decentralized virtual reality, but in practice, Decentraland has turned into a massive NFT market.

A special role in Decentraland is assigned to NFTs, such as collectibles, virtual equipment and real estate (LAND). However, for new players who want to join the universe and seize NFTs, the entry barrier will be high.

The Decentraland protocol is built on three levels using Ethereum smart contracts. On the consensus layer, the ownership of LAND is tracked and managed. The land content layer displays the content of the Decentraland virtual world. Finally, on the real-time layer, participants interact with each other.

The platform was co-founded by two blockchain experts, Ari Meilich and Esteban Ordano, in 2015. Officially it was launched a year later and became available only in February 2020, gradually turning from a 2D experiment into a full-fledged 3D world.

To sum up, Decentraland is a decentralized game and a 3D virtual reality platform where players own lands and create limitlessly. Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) software is at the core, and governance is in the hands of the community. Through the native token MANA, players participate in any proposals for managing and improving the ecosystem, the auction system, and the in-game policy.

Decentraland

Stellar (XLM) is a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized network created in 2014 by The Stellar Development Foundation or Stellar.org. The network officially launched in 2015 with the purpose of connecting the world's financial systems and ensuring a protocol for payment providers and financial institutions. The platform is designed to move financial resources swiftly and reliably at minimal cost. Stellar links people, banks, payment processors and allows users to create, send and trade multiple types of crypto.

The basis of the network is its native digital currency - XLM or Lumens. XLM acts as an intermediate currency for operations and is also used to pay transaction fees. How it works: the protocol converts money in a few seconds, first into XLM, and then into the requested currency.

The Stellar payment protocol is based on distributed ledger technology -- an open-source development, community-owned and distributed by community. The crypto asset of the Stellar platform helps with cross-border transactions, overcoming the problems of high fees and slow procedures. XLM is more focused on assisting individuals transfer money than they are with institutions. Thus, Stellar offers access to financial systems, and people can send money at low cost and promptly around the world.

Moreover, Stellar serves as a decentralized exchange and marketplace, with a built-in order book that tracks ownership of Stellar assets. Platform users can manage buy/sell orders, as well as select and set their preferred assets in settlements. XLM is a built-in coin that helps reduce transaction fees.

The network maintains a high level of security.  XLM holders must have at least one token in order to remain active on the network. This nuance performs a global goal - the execution of network transactions efficiently and with minimal time costs. Plus, Lumens offers protection against flood attacks by making microtransactions too expensive for hackers with no chance of profit, which keeps Stellar Network safe from serious threats.

The target audience of Stellar is the inhabitants of developing countries, ordinary users who are provided access to the global economy through fast, simple and inexpensive transactions. Stellar Network makes extensive use of Lumens to produce live convection as well as to send cash in multiple currencies; currency is sent from one peer, and the recipient can receive the amount in another currency. This feature is beneficial when a transaction is made between currencies without widely traded pairs.

Support for multi-currency transactions is another competitive advantage of Stellar, and the ability for cross-currency transactions has only enhanced processes with foreign operations. Moreover, stable speed and low transaction costs are a privilege that users receive.

This functionality is powered by a development called Anchors (a bridge between different currencies and the network), which simplifies the exchange within the network and helps speed up the whole process.

In summary, the benefits of Stellar (XLM) include:

Stellar

Amp is an open-source, decentralized protocol that provides collateral as a service. Amp is described as the new digital collateral token offering instant, verifiable assurances for any kind of value transfer. Using Amp, networks like Flexa can quickly and irreversibly secure transactions for a wide variety of asset-related use cases.

The project, which launched in 2020, aims to provide a fast, efficient, and secure transaction platform. It claims to solve a number of network problems, including slow confirmation times, price volatility and broad adoption.

Amp claims to offer a straightforward but versatile interface for verifiable collateralization through a system of collateral partitions and collateral managers.

Collateral partitions can be designated to collateralize any account, application, or even transaction, and carry balances which are directly verifiable on the Ethereum blockchain.

Collateral managers are smart contracts that can lock, release and redirect collateral in these partitions as needed in order to support value transfer activities.

Amp supports a wide variety of use cases for collateralization, and also introduces the concept of predefined partition strategies, which can enable special capabilities such as collateral models through which tokens can be staked without ever leaving their original address.

Theta Network

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that features unique architecture and an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions to use in Web3. It is built on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle, which can be pictured as a multi-dimensional blockchain. It enables the exchange of data and value on a decentralized platform through direct and secure transfers, executed on and immutably recorded on the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into IOTA.

Together with its staging network Shimmer, IOTA aims to offer solutions to establish a secure and permissionless infrastructure that can drive the economy of the future. It enables the development of decentralized applications through automated trust in the form of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, an advanced consensus algorithm, and thoughtfully balanced incentives.

IOTA delivers tools for creating and managing custom Layer 2 (EVM) chains, deploying smart contracts, minting native tokens and NFTs with distinctive features, and introducing digital identities to users.

Launching in 2024, IOTA 2.0 will be a protocol upgrade that rebuilds IOTA’s architecture to deliver full decentralization. You can find more about it here.

IOTA

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.