## ما هي بانكور (BNT)؟

تتكون بانكور (Bancor) من سلسلة من العقود الذكية التي تدير تحويل الرموز المشفرة على سلسلة الكتل. يجعل البروتوكول من عملية تحويل العملات المشفّرة بسيطة وسريعة دون الحاجة إلى منصة تداول. حيث تدير العقود الذكية للبروتوكول مجمعات السيولة التي تربط مختلف الرموز المشفرة المتاحة في الشبكة.

الرمز المشفّرة الرئيسي المستخدم على الشبكة هو "بانكور" ؛ BNT. في الوقت الحالي، تعد بانكور ويونيسواب في طليعة هذا الاتجاه الجديد للتمويل اللامركزي.

### من هم مؤسسو بانكور؟

تأسست بانكور من قبل إيال هيرتزوغ، ويودي ليفي، وغاليا، وغاي بنارتزي في عام 2017. وقد أطلق عليها اسم "بانكور" تكريماً لجون ماينارد كينز، الذي كان أول من ابتكر هذه الكلمة قبل 76 عاما لوصف عملة فوق وطنية.

**إيال هيرتزوغ** هو مصمم المنتجات الخاصة بالبروتوكول، مثل BNT، والمنتجات الأخرى التي تستخدم الشبكة. إنه شخصية معروفة في مجال التشفير وكان رائد أعمال في هذه التكنولوجيا لأكثر من 20 عاماً. حيث كان أسس سابقاً "ميتا كافيه"، وهو موقع بارز لمشاركة الفيديو في إسرائيل لديه أكثر من 50 مليون مستخدم.

**غاي بنارتزي** هو الرئيس التنفيذي في بانكور. وشارك هو الآخر في تأسيس "ماي توبيا" في عام 2005، وهي شركة تقوم بتطوير ألعاب عبر منصات الشبكات الاجتماعية.

أما **غاليا بنارتزي** فهي رائدة أعمال في مجال التكنولوجيا لسنوات عديدة، كما شاركت في تأسيس بروتوكول بانكور. حيث تشغل حالياً منصب مطور الأعمال. إلى جانب كونها الرئيس التنفيذي والمؤسسة لـ "بارتيكل كود".

**يودي ليفي** هو المدير الفني في بانكور. كان رائد أعمال في مجال التكنولوجيا لأكثر من 20 عاماً. وشارك سابقاً في تأسيس "آبكوين"، وهو تطبيق يسمح للمجتمعات بإنشاء عملاتها الخاصة.

### ما الذي يميّز بانكور؟

توفّر بانكور عملية تحويل سلس بين الرموز المشفّرة المستخدمة في الشبكة. وهذا ما يلغي الحاجة إلى منصات التبادل أو الوسطاء. حيث يعتمد البروتوكول على عدة مجمعات سيولة مستقلة للرموز المشفّرة التي تدعمها الشبكة.

ويكمن تفرد بانكور في هدفها المتمثل في خلق سيولة للعملات البديلة ودفع مكافآت لمقدمي السيولة. يقوم البروتوكول بتحويل العديد من الرموز المشفرة إلى رموز أخرى، بما في ذلك تلك التي تعمل على سلاسل كتل أخرى، دون تدخل طرف ثالث.

BNT، هو الرمز المشفّر الرئيسي للبروتوكول، وهو العملة الافتراضية التي ترتبط بها الرموز المشفّرة التي تنشئها العقود الذكية على الشبكة. حيث يعتبر إنشاء هذه الرموز المشفّرة عبر العقود الذكية طريقة كان بانكور أول من استخدمها عبر تقنية سلسلة الكتل. ويكمن الهدف الرئيسي من وراء إنشاء هذه الرموز المشفّرة الذكية هو توفير حل دائم لمشاكل السيولة، وهو ما يميّز بانكور عن غيرها من صانعي السوق الآخرين.

### كم عدد عملات بانكور (BNT) الموجودة في التداول؟

في يناير، اتخذت بنكور خطوة لتوفير المزيد من السيولة وللتعريف برمزه المشفّر الأصلي. حيث قامت بتوزيع رموز سيولة (ETH/BNT) بقيمة 60,000 دولار لكل محفظة تحتوي على الحد الأدنى المطلوب من BNT. وكان البروتوكول قد جمع 144 مليون دولار خلال عرضه الأولي للعملة المشفّرة في عام 2017.

ورغم أن البروتوكول يسمح بتوفير السيولة للرموز المشفّرة الأخرى أيضاً. إلا أنه يجب أن تتوافق هذه الرموز المشفّرة (تسمى أيضاً الرموز الاحتياطية) مع معايير (ERC-20) أو (EOS) لشبكتي إيثريوم وترون على التوالي.

يدعم نظام بانكور البيئي نموذجاً رمزياً ثنائي الاتجاه: رموز السيولة المشفّرة ورموز الترحيل المشفّرة.

بحيث يكون **الرمز المشفّر السائل** هو رمز مشفّر يتم إنشاؤه بشكل تلقائي بناء على احتياطي واحد بحيث يتم سكّه أو تدميره حسب توفّر ذلك الاحتياطي. ويتم ذلك إما عن طريق إرسال الرموز المشفّرة الاحتياطية إلى عقده الذكي أو إزالتها منه. ومن أجل استخدام شبكة بانكور، يجب أن يكون للرمز المشفّر السائل رمز مشفر احتياطي يدعمه، سواء كان ذلك BNT أو إحدى المشتقات المالية من BNT.

من ناحية أخرى، تستخدم **رموز الترحيل المشفّرة** في التخزين المؤقت لتوفير السيولة. وبالمقابل، يحصل حاملو هذه الرموز المشفّرة على نسبة مئوية من الأرباح المستقبلية لبانكور. تشير رموز الترحيل المشفّرة إلى نسبة المبلغ المخزّن مؤقتاً إلى القيمة الإجمالية في مجمّع السيولة.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة بانكور؟

يتيح الرمز المشفّر الخاص بالبروتوكول للمتداولين توفير السيولة للمجمّعات المتاحة على الشبكة. حيث يمكن لأي شخص المساهمة بالسيولة في المجمعات.

وعندما يساهم مقدمو السيولة بالسيولة في المجمع، يصبحون مؤهلين لتلقي مكافآت عن الصفقات التي تمر عبر المجمع. فكلّ مقدم للسيولة يحصل عند القيام بذلك على رموز مشفّرة خاصة بمجمّع السيولة المحدد، وهي تمثل نسبة مساهمته المئوية من إجمالي القيمة المقفلة.

### كيف يمكنك شراء عملة شبكة بانكور (BNT)؟

حتى وقت كتابة هذا التقرير، استضافت بانكور أكثر من 2 مليار دولار من الصفقات لمختلف الرموز المشفّرة، ونظيرتها العابرة لسلاسل الكتل. كما درّت الشبكة الملايين من التخزين المؤقت، وتمّ توزيعها على مخزّني رموز BNT المشفّرة. من بين منصات التداول العديدة التي تدعم BNT توجد [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/binance/)، وCoin Switch، وZenGo. يمكنك الحصول على مزيد من المعلومات هنا حول كيفية شراء BNT وغيرها من العملات المشفرة [هنا](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog).

Bancor

Impermanent Loss: What Is It and How Can I Reduce Its Impact?

Crypto Outperforms Traditional Markets With DEX Tokens Leading the Way: A Data Perspective by IntoTheBlock

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Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

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Pirate Nation

Ribbon Finance

LeverFi

Polymath

Polyhedra Network

Orchid

Bluzelle

Renzo

Stargate Finance

Electronic USD

Pond Coin

Teleport System Token

Gekko HQ

DogeVerse

Ren (REN) is an open protocol built to provide interoperability and liquidity between different blockchain platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Ren.

Formerly known as Republic Protocol, Ren launched RenVM, its virtual machine mainnet, in May 2020, having completed a $34 million initial coin offering (ICO) in 2018.

The protocol’s native token, REN, functions as a bond for those running nodes which power RenVM, known as Darknodes.

Ren aims to expand the interoperability, and hence accessibility, of decentralized finance (DeFi) by removing hurdles involved in liquidity between blockchains.

Orchid (OXT) is the native token of Orchid, a cryptocurrency-powered virtual private network (VPN).

Launched in December 2019, Orchid describes itself as the world’s first incentivized, peer-to-peer privacy network.

Its aim is to overcome internet freedom limitations by using cryptocurrency payments to allow anyone to purchase bandwidth from any participating provider. This is done using so-called probabilistic nanopayments, which occur using OXT, an ERC-20 standard token on Ethereum.

Regular payments to providers occur off-chain, allowing Orchid to avoid problems with congestion and gas fees on the Ethereum network.

The service is pay-per-use, meaning that users only have to contribute funds when they actually connect, instead of paying monthly or annual fees.

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

UMA was founded in 2018 by Allison Lu and Hart Lambur, two ex Goldman Sachs traders, with the goal of making global markets universally fair, accessible, secure and decentralized.

The team drew inspiration from traditional finance derivatives to define an open-source protocol to allow anyone, anywhere, to design and build trustless financial contracts.

Kyber Network is a multi-chain hub of liquidity protocols that aggregates liquidity from various sources to provide secure and instant transactions on any decentralized application (DApp). The main goal of Kyber Network is to enable DeFi DApps, decentralized exchanges (DEXs) and other users easy access to deep liquidity pools that provide the best rates.

KyberSwap.com, its main DEX aggregator and liquidity platform, provides the best swap rates for traders in DeFi compared to individual exchanges. It also enables liquidity providers to maximize earnings via high capital efficiency. KyberSwap sources liquidity from multiple DEXes such as Uniswap, Sushi, Curve, QuickSwap, Pancakeswap, Traderjoe, Pangolin, SpookySwap, SpiritSwap, VVS Finance, Velodrome, GMX, and many others to achieve the best rates for traders on different chains. KyberSwap supports over 13 chains including Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Avalanche, Fantom, Cronos, Arbitrum, Optimism, Velas, Aurora, Oasis, BitTorrent, Ethereum PoW, and soon Solana.

KyberSwap is decentralized and permissionless, not requiring account sign-up or personal information. All transactions on KyberSwap are on-chain, which means transactions do not need a centralized third-party, like a centralized exchange, and they can be easily verified using the Ethereum or other chains’ block explorer.

Projects can build with KyberSwap to access its different features, such as the instant settlement of token swaps, liquidity aggregation for the best rates, liquidity pools, and a customizable business model. Kyber looks to solve the liquidity issue in the decentralized finance (DeFi) industry by allowing developers to build products and services without having to worry about liquidity for different needs.

The Kyber Network Crystal (KNC) token is a utility and governance token that is the "glue that connects different stakeholders in Kyber's ecosystem." KNC holders can stake their tokens in the KyberDAO to help govern the platform and vote on important proposals - and earn staking rewards in KNC that come from trading fees. Investors in KNC include #Hashed, Signum Capital, ParaFi Capital, HyperChain Capital.

Kyber Network Crystal v2

Balancer is an automated market maker (AMM) that was developed on the Ethereum blockchain and launched in March 2020. It was able to raise a $3M seed round by Placeholder and Accomplice. Balancer protocol functions as a self-balancing weighted portfolio, price sensor and liquidity provider. It allows users to earn profits through its recently introduced token ($BAL) by contributing to customizable liquidity pools.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Balancer(https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-balancer.

The protocol operates a few types of pools:

Private pools give the owner governance over the pool, and make the person the sole contributor of liquidity to the pool. Also, all the parameters are mutable by the owner.

Shared pools are for those who want to become liquidity providers (LPs). The LPs are rewarded with the Balancer Pool Tokens (BPTs).

Smart pools are similar to private pools but are controlled by a smart contract. They also reward using BPTs and allow anyone to contribute liquidity to the pool.

Balancer

NKN (NKN), or New Kind of Network, is a network that focuses on creating a decentralized and open-source network protocol for public blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) networks to share network bandwidth and internet connectivity. Its main objective is to address the challenges faced by today's internet, such as centralization, scalability issues and security concerns.

Yearn.finance is an aggregator service for decentralized finance (DeFi) investors, using automation to allow them to maximize profits from yield farming.

Its goal is to simplify the ever-expanding DeFi space for investors who are not technically minded or who wish to interact in a less committal manner than serious traders.

Launched in February 2020, the service, formerly known as iEarn, has seen huge growth in recent months as new products debuted and developers released in-house token YFI.

yearn.finance

Origin Protocol is one of Ethereum’s longest-standing DeFi projects, featuring a multichain feature set that unlocks vast opportunities for yield generation across the space. Origin’s products are built to be permissionless and composable, allowing for deep integration with novel primitives. All of Origin’s products streamline rewards to OGN stakers, cultivating a sustainable, user-first offering.

At its core proposition, Origin features:

Capital efficiency: Origin’s liquid staking products, Origin Ether and Origin Dollar, empower users to earn yield while retaining full capital control. The protocol’s unique Automated Redemption Manager (ARM) serves as a key liquidity hub for LST redemptions.

Vast composability: OETH’s robust peg and interoperability makes it an ideal building block for innovative DeFi strategies.

Broad access: Origin’s diverse integrations with partners such as EigenLayer and Pendle Finance, cater to power users and new entrants alike. Origin is built on core principles of seamless usability, cultivating one of the smoothest user experiences in the space.

Some of Origin Protocol’s key elements include:

Origin Ether (OETH): OETH is a leading liquid staking token that harnesses battle-tested mechanics to maintain a strong peg and vast composability for users. Users can mint OETH by depositing reserves of ETH. This ETH is staked to the Beacon Chain, with staking rewards distributed to users. OETH boasts broad DeFi integrations on ETH and leading Layer-2 networks.

Origin Dollar (OUSD): OUSD is a yield bearing stablecoin fully collateralized by reserves of USDT, USDC, and DAI. Users can deposit these stablecoins to mint OUSD, which generates yield. OUSD’s rebasing model automatically distributes rewards to holders’ wallets, removing the need for lockups and claiming rewards.

Automated Redemption Manager (ARM): The ARM is a groundbreaking platform that bolsters liquidity for redeemable assets, such as LSTs and LRTs. Users can take advantage of rapid redemptions for seamless swaps between leading LSTs and ETH with zero slippage.

Some of its key highlights include:

Versatile Utility: Origin’s product suite is deeply integrated across DeFi, allowing users to harness innovative instruments and opportunities. Origin Ether, for instance, is deeply integrated with the likes of Pendle and EigenLayer. Users can also take advantage of wOETH on leading L2 networks to explore more platforms and yield generating positions.

Transparent, best-in-class security: Both OUSD and OETH boast battle-tested, open-source codebases. Origin’s products have been rigorously audited by leading firms, including OpenZeppelin. Origin’s yield-generating products deliver yields without compromising on security, and feature rich analytics dashboards for users to monitor treasury flows and allocations.

Protocol Governance: Users can stake OGN for up to a year in exchange for non-transferable xOGN. xOGN accrues yield from a share of protocol fees earned by Origin’s products. xOGN holders can submit proposals, vote on active submissions, and vote on treasury allocations. This symbiotic structure creates a sustainable, rewarding governance system that upholds the core principles of decentralization.

World class team and investors: The project is led by serial entrepreneurs Matthew Liu and Josh Fraser, and seasoned team members from leading tech firms including PayPal, YouTube, Google, DropBox, etc. Origin has received backing from top investors such as Pantera Capital and Foundation Capital, as well as from individuals like Steve Chen, the founder of YouTube, and Alexis Ohanian, co-founder of Reddit.

Origin Protocol

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

ZEN is the governance and utility token for Horizen, a zero-knowledge-enabled network of blockchains powered by the largest node infrastructure in the industry. Blockchain interoperability is enabled by the Zendoo protocol, which uses SNARK-verification and allows for complete flexibility in sidechain type, consensus, and speed. Cryptographic verification of networked chains offers massive scale, and the network currently supports up to 10,000 sidechains with a throughput limit of 10,000,000 TPS.

Zendoo makes Horizen a permissionless network of blockchains. Developers can deploy their blockchains within the ecosystem using a variety of SDKs. In 2023, the ecosystem team launched Horizen EON, a public proof-of-stake sidechain and an EVM-compatible smart contracting platform that allows developers to efficiently build and deploy dapps on the Horizen ecosystem, while benefiting from the Ethereum ecosystem. Since going live with Horizen EON, DeFi projects including SpookySwap, Ascent Exchange, and Yuzu have successfully integrated into the Horizen ecosystem. Get started on Horizen EON today!

Horizen's native cryptocurrency, ZEN, is a mineable PoW coin currently trading on major exchanges, including Coinbase and Binance. ZEN can be staked to participate in Horizen's nearly 50,000 full node network.

While ZEN was previously a privacy token, following ZenIP 42204 in June of 2023, the network removed its existing privacy features in favor of moving towards a vision of adaptability and responsible, scalable growth.

Horizen

REQ is listed on Coinbase, Binance, crypto.com, KuCoin and many other exchanges.

The REQ token powers the Request Network open-source protocol via a few mechanisms: anti-spam; governance; staking; discounts; independency.

The Request (REQ) utility token, launched in 2017, ensures the performance and stability of the Request Network. The Request Network itself is an Ethereum-based decentralized payment system where anyone can request a payment and receive money through secure means. It removes the requirement for third parties in order to provide a cheaper, more secure payment solution that works with all global currencies.

The original whitepaper is available here.

When a user creates a request for payment, they define to which address the payment needs to be allocated and what the amount is. The user can also define the terms and conditions of the payment, upgrading a simple request into an invoice. Once this is completed, the user can share their request to be paid by their counterparty.

Every step is documented and stored on the Request Network, allowing everyone involved to easily keep track of all the invoices and payments for accounting purposes.

Request is also integrated with legislation across the world to remain compliant with the trade laws of each individual country.

Request

Civic is a blockchain-based identity management solution that gives individuals and businesses the tools they need to control and protect personal identity information.

The platform is designed to change the way we think about identity verification by giving users more control over their personal data, while allowing them to access a wide range of services without needing to fork over excessive amounts of personal information.

Civic's identity verification solution uses distributed ledger technology to authorize identity usage in real time, and is used to sparingly share information with Civic partners after authorization by the user.

Unlike some other identity management services, Civic users store all their sensitive data on their mobile device. Users are able to authorize the sharing of specific personal data by providing a biometric signature through the Civic app.

The Civic ecosystem is enabled by a unique utility token known as the Civic token (CVC), which is used for the settlement of identity-related transactions between Civic participants — such as between a customer and service provider.

Users can earn CVC tokens for completing a variety of tasks, such as signing up for a service through the platform or introducing new users, while validators can earn CVCs for validating documents for service providers.

Civic was launched in 2018, following a sell-out initial coin offering (ICO) the year prior.

Civic

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.