## What is SORA?

SORA is about creating a supranational economic system that can efficiently provide capital to producers, thus pushing humanity forward, as well as a supranational and democratic governance structure to allocate capital in a fair way. It is both a new economic system that decentralizes the concept of a central bank as well as a network that implements a new way to architect a parachain blockchain that connects to the Polkadot relay chain and ecosystem with built-in tools focused on DeFi.

The SORA Network excels at providing tools for decentralized applications that use digital assets, such as atomic token swaps, bridging tokens to other blockchains, and creating programmatic rules involving digital assets.

SORA XOR is the native utility token that is:

* Used for transaction fees (gas) on the SORA substrate network

* Elastic supply, managed by a[  token bonding curve](https://medium.com/sora-xor/sora-the-new-economic-order-3ec3f0327e5a)

* Enables holders of a certain amount to become a citizen and member of the[  SORA Parliament](https://medium.com/sora-xor/the-sora-parliament-af8184dae384)

* Used to add liquidity to pairs on[  Polkaswap](https://polkaswap.io/)

* Used to stake to become a validator or to[ nominate validators](https://wiki.sora.org/guides/how-to-nominate-validators-stake-your-xor) on the SORA Network

More about[  SORA tokenomics](https://medium.com/sora-xor/sora-the-new-economic-order-3ec3f0327e5a)

### How Many SORA XOR Coins Are There in Circulation?

SORA XOR supply is elastically managed by a[  token bonding curve](https://wiki.sora.org/token-bonding-curve) smart contract with buy and sell price functions. This means that as the token supply increases, the price also increases, and vice versa. The[  token bonding curve](https://medium.com/coinmonks/token-bonding-curves-explained-7a9332198e0e) (TBC) manages the supply of tokens in a rational way, without involvement of humans, and it creates a system that avoids the boom-bust problems of traditional economies and the deflationary economics of many cryptocurrencies.

### Where Can I Buy SORA XOR?

SORA XOR is available for trading on a growing number of exchanges. One of the main exchanges is a cross-chain AMM DEX [Polkaswap](https://polkaswap.io/).

## What Makes SORA Unique?

The SORA substrate network bridges Ethereum and wil bridge Bitcoin to make cross-chain communication with both blockchains possible, while connecting to Polkadot and Kusama. This allows the Ethereum and Bitcoin communities to use SORA to access Polkadot and Kusama via a user-friendly bridge. With Polkaswap integration, users can trade any asset on Ethereum and Bitcoin on the Polkadot and Kusama networks and provide real cross-chain swaps.

SORA Parliament is the governance system for the SORA Network, its main task  is to allocate newly minted XOR to productive projects. It has multiple bodies with clear separation of powers and where the members (Citizens) are chosen randomly. It is built around three main concepts:

* Isonomia: the principle that everyone who is a citizen has political equality

* Isegoria: the right of all citizens to speak and contribute

* Sortition: randomly choosing groups of citizens to make decisions

To compensate citizens for their time, 1% of the funds that are allocatable to projects for productive uses shall be distributed to citizens. Learn more about [the Parliament and the governance bodies](https://medium.com/sora-xor/the-sora-parliament-af8184dae384).

## Who Are the Founders of SORA?

The founder of SORA, Makoto Takemiya, is the creator of the Proof-of-Importance algorithm used in NEM. He started his work on the SORA project back in August 2017. The key thesis of the SORA economic system is that for cryptoeconomic systems to be able to compete with contemporary, centralized economic systems, there needs to be a rational economic model. To create a rational economic model, the team did a survey of various economic theories. Over the course of this time Yokei Yamaguchi, an economist, joined the team in 2018, and he helped with several key parts of the model. On October 17, 2019, the SORA v1 Network launched. However, the technology has improved, giving the possibility to shape a new and more ambitious type of crypto ecosystem. Whereas the medium-term goal remains generating value for our community, analysis of the SORA economy has led to embrace the long-term goal of realizing a supranational world economic system. SORA v2 substrate Network is a profound and significant upgrade to the SORA Network and the SORA tokenomics.

## Related Pages:

There are several medium articles that represent different features and strategies for building a strong decentralized economy. You can find all the articles [here](https://medium.com/sora-xor).

Below are just some of the articles you might be interested in:

[SORA: The New Economic Order](https://medium.com/sora-xor/sora-the-new-economic-order-3ec3f0327e5a)

[The SORA Parliament](https://medium.com/sora-xor/the-sora-parliament-af8184dae384)

[SORA Validator Reward Token: $VAL](https://medium.com/sora-xor/sora-validator-reward-token-val-c96a8afb8541)

[How to Run a SORA Mainnet Node](https://medium.com/sora-xor/how-to-run-a-sora-testnet-node-a4d42a9de1af)

[Recent News](https://sora.org/blog)

SORA

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

SORA is working to become a decentralized world economic system, under the democratic supervision of the SORA Parliament. One World. One Economy. SORA.

Sora

Energy Web Token (EWT) is the operational token behind the Energy Web Chain, a blockchain-based virtual machine designed to support and further application development for the energy sector.

Energy Web Chain was launched in June 2019. The Energy Web Foundation is the non-profit enterprise behind the project. EWT aims to bring diversity to the energy sector by allowing developers to create decentralized applications (DApps). The virtual machine has the potential to benefit actors from all areas of energetics, including grid operators, software developers, and vendors.

Energy Web Token

Self-described as "Polkadot's wild cousin," Kusama is an experimental blockchain platform that is designed to provide a massively interoperable and scalable framework for developers.

Kusama is built on Substrate — a blockchain building kit developed by Parity Technologies. Kusama has almost the same codebase as Polkadot — one of the most successful interoperable blockchains.

By deploying on Kusama, fast-paced projects gain access to a highly scalable, interoperable sharded network, with features that are not yet available on Polkadot. To that end, Kusama describes itself as a “canary network.”

The platform is designed to provide a testbed for developers looking to innovate and deploy their own blockchain and can be used as a preparatory network before launching on Polkadot — though many projects opt to stick with Kusama for their final product.

Kusama benefits from a low barrier to entry for deploying parachains, low bond requirements for validators, and is most commonly used by early-stage startups and for experimentation.

Kusama

Moonbeam is an Ethereum-compatible smart contract parachain on Polkadot. Moonbeam makes it easy to use popular Ethereum developer tools to build or redeploy Solidity projects in a Substrate-based environment.

Moonbeam is much more than just an EVM implementation: it’s a highly specialized parachain that mirrors Ethereum’s Web3 RPC, accounts, keys, subscriptions, logs, and more. The Moonbeam platform extends the base Ethereum feature set with additional features such as on-chain governance, staking, and cross-chain integrations.

Moonbeam’s Ethereum compatibility is unmatched:

Minimal Changes: developers can use existing Solidity smart contracts right away, with no need to rewrite or reconfigure

Use Existing Developer Tools: connect popular tools like MetaMask, Hardhat, Waffle, Remix, and Truffle via a complete set of Web3 RPC endpoints. Use well-known Javascript libraries such as Web3.Js or Ethers.Js.

Unified Accounts, Addresses, and Signatures: use your existing Ethereum H160 accounts & ECDSA signatures to interact with Moonbeam

Tap into the Most Integrations on Polkadot: use existing oracles, bridges, wallets, and other tools that are already building on Moonbeam

Moonbeam provides integration and connectivity between Polkadot Parachains as well as with other chains such as Ethereum and Bitcoin via bridges. Moonbeam was started in 2019 by Derek Yoo of Pure Stake.

Moonbeam

Moonriver is an Ethereum-compatible, smart-contract parachain on Kusama. It is intended to be a companion network to Moonbeam, where it will provide a permanently incentivized canary network. New code will ship to Moonriver first, where it can be tested and verified under real economic conditions. Once proven, the same code will ship to Moonbeam on Polkadot.

It does this by providing a full EVM implementation, a Web3-compatible API, and bridges that connect Moonriver to existing Ethereum networks.

This allows developers to deploy existing Solidity smart contracts and DApp frontends to Moonriver with minimal changes.

Moonriver

Karura is an all-in-one decentralized finance (DeFi) hub and stablecoin platform built on Kusama (KSM) and integrated into Polkadot (DOT). Karura was created by the Acala Network, which has won four Web3 Foundation grants and founded the Substrate Developer Academy.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Karura.

Both Karura and Acala are backed by multiple funds, including Coinbase Ventures, Pantera Capital, Polychain Capital and Hypersphere. Karura and Acala operate in parallel. Specifically, Karura is implementing DeFi on Kusama in the same way that Acala is offering DeFi on Polkadot. The network is built with almost the same codebase as Acala: the two platforms provide scalable, convenient and fast DeFi cross-chain ecosystems for Kusama and Polkadot.

Parachain Karura is a platform that allows users to create effective, low-cost and complex financial applications, saving time and increasing trading efficiency.

The platform itself provides a multi-collateralized stablecoin backed by cross-chain assets (kUSD), a trustless staking derivative (liquid KSM), and an automated market maker (AMM) decentralized exchange (DEX) for unlocking liquidity and supporting financial innovation.

Karura is the decentralized financial hub of Kusama, a scalable multi-chain network for radical innovation and early-stage Polkadot deployments. Karura is the sister network to Acala. It hosts multichain liquid staking token (LST) protocols (such as liquid KSM - LKSM), an AMM decentralized exchange, and an app platform that is EVM-compatible and highly customizable (based on Substrate). Karura is secured by Kusama, and is the liquidity gateway of Kusama parachains, Acala and L1/L2 blockchains

Karura

Acala Token

Serum is a decentralized exchange (DEX) and ecosystem that brings unprecedented speed and low transaction costs to decentralized finance (DeFi). (DeFi).

Serum is the only high-performant DEX designed around a fully on-chain central limit order book and matching engine. Ecosystem partners can compose with Serum’s on-chain orderbook to share liquidity and power their trading features for institutional and retail users.

In light of the popularity of DeFi and the growth of DEXes on Ethereum, users and developers are limited by high gas costs and slow transactions. Serum aims to resolve these traditional problems of DeFi, as well as issues of centralization, low capital efficiency, and liquidity segmentation.

The SRM utility and governance token enables users to receive discounts on protocol fees and voting rights; 100% of exchange fees flow back to SRM via buy-and-burn, staking rewards, and ecosystem grants.

Serum

Secret (SCRT) is a privacy-oriented blockchain built on Cosmos. Its smart contracts are called Secret Contracts and allow DApps to use private data on Secret, similar to how smart contracts operate on other blockchains. However, Secret Contracts transfer encrypted inputs into encrypted outputs without exposing data. This is made possible thanks to the encrypted contract states during the execution.

Data privacy is guaranteed by combining encryption protocols and key management within a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE). This allows Secret Contracts to compete for several privacy-related use cases that traditional blockchains have found difficult to accommodate. For instance, private voting mechanisms or credit scoring applications become possible since they do not expose sensitive user data on-chain with Secret.

Secret

xDai is a cryptocurrency that is pegged to the US dollar. The xDai chain is a stable payment blockchain that is designed for fast and inexpensive transactions. STAKE is secured by proof-of-stake consensus. xDai was founded on Oct. 1, 2018.

STAKE is a multi-chain staking token that is designed to secure the payment layer. Staking allows validators and delegators to provide transaction consensus and receive staking incentives for block production. It is only required for consensus providers, not everyday on-chain transactions.

xDai was created by the POA Network, an open-source public side-chain of Ethereum founded in April 2017. It offers a framework for smart contracts which provides developers with an easy and effective way to code on Ethereum, while also leveraging the POA Network capabilities.

STAKE

Polkastarter is a decentralized fundraising platform empowering Web3 projects to launch and raise funds through multi-chain token pools whilst significantly growing their communities.

The platform supports initial dex offerings (IDOs) across major blockchains, including Ethereum, BNB Chain, Solana, Polkadot, Polygon, Avalanche and Celo.

The platform enables investors to secure early access to IDOs, NFTs and Gaming Web3 innovation. It is most commonly used by early-stage blockchain projects that want to raise capital and easily distribute their tokens at the same time.

Through Polkastarter, blockchain projects can easily create their own fixed-chain swap pools, which allow them to securely raise funds, while users can invest without risks, since swaps are automatically executed by smart contracts.

POLS is the native utility token of the Polkastarter platform. Its main utility is gaining access to pools and giving projects the option to give priority access to POLS holders. Users are incentivised to stake POLS, rewarding the most loyal members.

In Q4 2022, Polkastarter will release new community utility features, such as governance and POLS Power Boosters (increasing your allowlisting success). The platform first went live in December 2020, and has quickly grown to become one of the most commonly used platforms for initial DEX offerings (IDOs) operating on the Ethereum blockchain.

Polkastarter

Phala Network is a coprocessor for blockchains. Developers deploy “Phat Contracts,” off-chain program for coprocessors, enhancing dApps with connectivity, internet access, and heavy computation, overcoming web3 constraints.

Phala Network has one of the largest Trusted Execution Environments (TEE) on Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) hardware, which means that any code/data on Phala Network is protected from unauthorized access by users. Phala addresses developer concerns with expanded developer language support such as JavaScript and more, and ready-to-deploy Templates for seamless Phat Contract integration, streamlining the experience for web3 developers.

Phala stands at the forefront of Web3 innovation, fostering development through its Builders Program.

Phala Network

MIR is the governance token of Mirror Protocol, a synthetic assets protocol built by Terraform Labs (TFL) on the Terra blockchain.

Mirror Protocol is decentralized from day 1, with the on-chain treasury and code changes governed by holders of the MIR token. TFL has no intention of keeping or selling MIR tokens, and there are no admin keys or special access privileges granted. The intent for this is to be a completely decentralized, community-driven project.

Mirrored assets are blockchain tokens that behave like "mirror" versions of real-world assets by reflecting the exchange prices on-chain. They give traders the price exposure to real assets while enabling fractional ownership, open access and censorship resistance as any other cryptocurrency. Unlike traditional tokens which serve to represent a real, underlying asset, mAssets are purely synthetic and only capture the price movement of the corresponding asset.

Mirrored assets provide the following advantages:

Global Accessibility: In most markets outside of Europe & North America, access to foreign equities and forex markets is highly limited. Crypto allows global accessibility without entry barriers.

Fractional Orders: In traditional finance, to execute a fractional order, multiple fractional orders are bundled together to execute a unitary transaction. The process of gathering all the orders into one requires additional waiting time. By utilizing the blockchain, orders volume is simply represented as a number on the blockchain, so there is no need for the intermediary bundling process.

Nearly-Instantaneous Order Execution: Oftentimes due to the lack of liquidity (price-time-priority order book algorithm), orders can take up to a day to fully execute. Given the fact that Mirror relies on liquidity provided by each individual asset pool, orders can be executed as fast as the blocktime of the network (~ 6 seconds).

Mirror Protocol

KardiaChain is a blockchain platform that aims to be fully interoperable and "non-invasive," meaning that blockchains can connect to the network without needing to make technical modifications to their own protocols. KardiaChain uses a dual-node structure to facilitate the connection between its own ledger and other blockchains, sharding for scalability and smart contracts for developers.

The platform relies on a native token, KAI, which is used for staking, transaction fees, participating in services and deploying smart contracts.

KardiaChain was first announced in October 2018, and its mainnet went live in December 2020.

KardiaChain

What Is Velas (VLX)?
Velas is a pioneering solana L1 Fork with Full EVM blockchain bridging the gap between EVM familiarity and unparalleled performance.

Velas is an highly unique dual-chain architecture, seamlessly merging the best of both worlds: the robust security and established developer ecosystem of the EVM with the lightning-fast transaction processing capabilities of Solana. This hybrid approach unlocks a treasure trove of possibilities for Ethereum projects seeking to escape congestion and scale to new heights.

The defining feature of Velas lies in its full EVM compatibility. Existing Ethereum smart contracts can be migrated seamlessly with a single click, eliminating the need for costly code rewrites and preserving the valuable expertise invested in the EVM ecosystem. This one-click migration paves the way for a smooth transition, allowing developers to leverage their existing skills and tools on a platform built for speed and scalability.

It leverages the power of Solana’s parallel transaction processing to deliver lightning-fast speeds exceeding 75,000 TPS. This translates to near-instantaneous transaction finality and minimal fees, a stark contrast to the congested and expensive environment of Ethereum. For dApps and users, this translates to a smoother, more efficient experience.

But speed is just the beginning. Velas is also:

Decentralized: No central authority controls the network. Power is in the hands of the community through a secure Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism.

Carbon-neutral: Velas is committed to sustainability, utilizing a green PoS mechanism that minimizes energy consumption.

Accessible: Building on Velas is a breeze with its extensive developer tools and EVM/Solidity support.

Velas

Litentry

Reef is a Reliable Extensible Efficient Fast Layer-1 Blockchain for DeFi, NFT & Gaming. Built using Substrate Framework, it provides high scalability, enabling almost instant low-cost transactions, and supports Solidity and EVM, allowing developers to seamlessly migrate their DApps from Ethereum without any change in the codebase.

Reef Chain is the most advanced EVM-compatible blockchain. It's self-upgradable and has on-chain governance. Its infrastructure also allows for EVM extensions which allows for native token bridge, scheduled calls (ie. recurring payments), and smart contract in-place code upgrades. In the near future, it will support additional VMs which will allow developers to write code in multiple programming languages. The network runs on a Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism, which offers scalability and low fees.

REEF is the native token that is used for:

Fees for processing transactions and storing data.

Running validator nodes by staking REEF tokens.

Nominating which validator nodes should be part of the network.

Reef is backed by multiple leading funds and venture capitalists including NGC, QCP, Bitcoin.com, Kenetic Capital, LD Capital, TRG Capital, Krypital Group, Genesis Block, Woodstock Fund and others.

Reef Chain development tools include:

Remix and EVM integrated development environments for uploading and deploying smart contracts.

Reefscan blockchain explorer to assist with deploying validators, bonding and nominating validators, debugging contracts, and understanding network performance.

Reef command line tools that allow developers deploy applications from local environments.

Reef wallet for accessing and interacting with the blockchain

Reef

Centrifuge is a decentralized asset financing protocol. It connects decentralized finance (DeFi) with real-world assets (RWA) while trying to lower the cost of capital for small and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) and provide investors with a stable source of income. The main goal of the project is to generate profits that are not tied to volatile crypto assets; the developers are pursuing the task of transferring real monetary value from fiat to cryptocurrencies.

Companies are using Centrifuge to access the liquidity that DeFi has to offer. They can tokenize real assets and use these tokens as collateral to access financing through Tinlake, a decentralized application (DApp) lending protocol. The Centrifuge blockchain is built on Polkadot (DOT) for speed and low fees, while its financial DApp Tinlake is built to access Ethereum (ETH) liquidity.

Centrifuge provides liquidity to everyone and investors receive income and rewards in the form of CFG tokens. Centrifuge links assets such as invoices, real estate and royalties with decentralized finance (DeFi). Additionally, borrowers benefit from the fact that they can finance their real assets without banks or other intermediaries.

Centrifuge

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

Raydium is an automated market maker (AMM) and liquidity provider built on the Solana blockchain for the Serum decentralized exchange (DEX). Unlike any other AMMs, Raydium provides on-chain liquidity to a central limit orderbook meaning that funds deposited into Raydium are converted into limit orders which sit on Serum’s orderbooks. This gives Raydium LPs access to all of Serum’s order flow as well as their existing liquidity.
RAY is the native utility token used for:

Staking to earn protocol fees

Staking to receive IDO allocations

Governance votes on protocol decisions

Raydium

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.