## ما هي فيرج (XVG)؟

فيرج (Verge) هي [عملة مشفرة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-cryptocurrencies) و[سلسلة كتل](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) تركز على الخصوصية وتسعى إلى تقديم شبكة مدفوعات سريعة وفعالة ولامركزية تعمل على تحسين سلسلة [بيتكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin) (BTC) الأصلية. حيث تشتمل على ميزات خصوصية إضافية مثل دمج شبكة عدم الكشف عن الهوية "تور" في محفظتها، التي تسميها فيرج باي (VergePay)، إضافة إلى توفير خيار إرسال المعاملات إلى عناوين معماة.

ويصف المشروع نفسه بأنه يدار من قبل مجتمعه، ويعتمد في تشغيله على متطوعين ويفخر بأنه مفتوح المصدر.

تم [إطلاق](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=817937.0) "فيرج" لأول مرة في أكتوبر 2014 باسم (DogeCoinDark)، حيث كانت سلسلتها عبارة عن انقسام ثابت من سلسلة "[بيركوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/peercoin/)" (PPC). وفي فبراير 2016، تم [تغيير اسمها](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1365894.0) إلى "فيرج" (Verge) سعياً إلى خلق [علامة تجارية](https://medium.com/vergecurrency/verge-currencies-xvg-new-branding-7b8c23a4e7e4) يسهل تبنيها في السوق الشامل وتمييز نفسها عن [دوجكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/dogecoin/) (DOGE)، والتي ليس لها صلة مباشرة بها. حيث يعتمد المشروع الآن على كود المصدر الخاص ببيتكوين.

### من هم مؤسسو "فيرج"؟

تم إطلاق "فيرج" (Verge) في عام 2016 من قبل جاستن فالو، المعروف أيضاً باسم "جاستن فينديتا" أو "Sunerok"، وهو مطور يتمتع بأكثر من 20 عاماً من الخبرة في أمن الشبكات وما يقرب من عقد من الزمان في تكنولوجيا سلسلة الكتل كان السبب الأولي وراء قيامه بتطوير العملة المشفرة هو لإرضاء شغفه وتمكين الأفراد في جميع أنحاء العالم بإحساس أكبر بالخصوصية.

وفالو، كما [يقول](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQ8iUOVgqsk)، عكف على البرمجة منذ أن كان بعمر الثامنة، وعمل في إدارة الشبكات مباشرة بعد المدرسة الثانوية، قبل أن ينضم إلى شركة (Fortune 500). إلى أن قرر، بعد بضع سنوات، بدء شركته الخاصة لأمن الشبكات.

أصبح فالو مهتماً بالبيتكوين لأول مرة في عام 2011، ثم [شارك](https://medium.com/vergecurrency/the-birth-of-verge-currency-3f729cc6b64c) لاحقاً في دوجكوين التي تم إطلاقها في أواخر عام 2013. ثمّ بدأ العمل على "فيرج" بسبب [اعتقاده](https://medium.com/vergecurrency/verge-currency-and-the-vergefam-community-cff57401955d) أن العملات البديلة التي تم تطويرها في ذلك الوقت لم تكن تعمل بشكل كافٍ كعملات مشفّرة، وأن مشاريع عملة الخصوصية المهمّة الأخرى الوحيدة - [بايتكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bytecoin-bcn/) (BCN)، و[مونيرو](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/monero) (XMR) - لم تكن كافية.

في عام 2017، تم [تعيين](https://www.facebook.com/tokenpay/posts/advisor-lead-developer-of-verge-sunerok-joined-tokenpays-advisory-boardlearn-mor/148499659208889/) فالو في المجلس الاستشاري لـ "[توكن باي](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/tokenpay/)" (TPAY)، وهي عملة مشفرة تركّز على الخصوصية.

### ما الذي يميّز "فيرج" Verge؟

ووفقاً لمستندها الفنّي التعريفي "الورقة السوداء"، تم [إنشاء](https://vergecurrency.com/static/blackpaper/verge-blackpaper-v5.0.pdf) "فيرج" كوسيلة لتحقيق رؤية مؤسس بيتكوين، [ساتوشي ناكاموتو](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/who-is-satoshi-nakamoto)، من خلال خلق نظام دفع إلكتروني لامركزي، دون وسيط، مع توفير خصوصية أكثر مما هو متاح في بيتكوين.اً

ومن أجل تحقيق هذا الهدف، تعتمد "فيرج" على سلسلة من ميزات الخصوصية الرئيسية. حيث تقوم تلقائياً بتوجيه جميع حركة المرور من وإلى محفظة "فيرج باي" (vergePay) الخاصة بها عبر شبكة (Tor)، وهو ما يضمن إخفاء حزم البيانات وعناوين بروتوكول الإنترنت. كما توفّر عنواناً خفياً مزدوج المفتاح، يمكن من خلاله للمرسلين إنشاء عناوين محافظ للاستخدام الواحد نيابة عن المستلمين بغية مساعدتهم في حماية خصوصيتهم، هذا إلى جانب ميزة [المبادلات متناهية الصغر](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/atomic-swap) لتمكين المعاملات [من نظير إلى نظير](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/peer-to-peer-p2p) عبر سلسلة الكتل.

تسعى "فيرج" إلى الحصول على تبني القطاع الواسع، وفي هذا الإطار، يعمل فريق "فيرج" على إقامة شراكات استراتيجية لزيادة الوعي بالعملة واستخدامها. من خلال أنشطة [رعاية](https://vergecurrency.com/fueled-by-verge/) رياضيين محترفين، والدخول في شراكات مع منصات مثل نظام المدفوعات والمكافآت ([MobiePay](https://medium.com/vergecurrency/verge-currency-and-mobiepay-team-up-8f58f1d33853))، ومنصة مدفوعات التشفير ومزود أجهزة الصراف الآلي ([MeconCash](https://medium.com/vergecurrency/verge-meconcash-press-release-cc17678d68cd))، ومنصة المقامرة القائمة على سلسلة الكتل ([Crazy8Token](https://medium.com/vergecurrency/crazy-8-welcomes-verge-currency-to-the-59-billion-dollar-gambling-industy-1065356c2540))، إلى جانب غيرها من الأنشطة.

وغالباً ما [يعتمد](https://medium.com/@sashakolupaev/atomic-announcement-crowdfunding-campaign-3173d1a8473d) فريق "فيرج" على التمويل الجماعي والدعم المجتمعي ليكون قادراً على توسيع نطاق الشراكات وتسويقها ومتابعتها. في أبريل 2018، [جمع](https://medium.com/vergecurrency/verge-from-seed-to-revolution-fc3833333ba5) المشروع 75 مليون (XVG) أي ([حوالي](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/verge/historical-data/?start=20180401&end=20180429) 7 ملايين دولار في ذلك الوقت) لتغطية تكاليف دمج منصة مدفوعات معروفة.

#### صفحات ذات صلة:

تعرّف على مونيرو ([Monero](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/monero))، أكبر عملة خصوصية من حيث القيمة السوقية.

تعرف على زي كاش ([Zcash](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/zcash))، وهي عملة مشفرة أخرى تركز على الخصوصية.

هل تريد معرفة المزيد عن عملات الخصوصية؟ اقرأ [بحثاً متعمقاً](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/is-cryptocurrency-anonymous) حول إخفاء الهوية داخل العملات المشفرة في Alexandria، المورد التعليمي الإلكتروني من CoinMarketCap.

تابع آخر المستجدات في مجال خصوصية وأمان التشفير عبر [مدونة CoinMarketCap](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/).

### كم عدد عملات فيرج (XVG) الموجودة في التداول؟

يبلغ الحد الأقصى للمعروض الإجمالي من "فيرج" 16.5 مليار (XVG). ووفقاً لشركة "فيرج"، فإن سقف المعروض المرتفع هذا كان [عن قصد](https://vergecurrency.com/faq/)، بغية ضمان الحفاظ على أسعار الرموز المشفّرة منخفضة، وهو ما يسمح للمستخدمين بتجنب المدفوعات الجزئية. كما أنه يجعل من الصعب على جهة واحدة السيطرة على عدد كبير من عملات (XVG) يتيح لها التلاعب بالسواق.

لم يكن لدى العملة المشفرة [طرح أولي](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-coin-offering-ico)، ولم تجر أي بيع مسبق للرموز المشفّرة. على هذا النحو، قال فريق تطوير "فيرج" إنه لا يحمل في حوزته كمية كبيرة من (XVG). بدلاً من ذلك، يتم إصدار جميع عملات (XVG) المتداولة حالياً من خلال عملية التعدين القائمة على نموذج [إثبات العمل](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake) المتبع في سلسلة كتل "فيرج"، وهي متعددة الخوارزميات وتدعم (Scrypt)، (X17)، (Lyra2rev2)، (Myr-groestl)، و(Blake2s).

تخضع "فيرج" لعملية تخفيض لمكافآت التعدين بشكل دوري إلى النصف، حيث يتم تقليص ما يحصل عليه المعدّنون من (XVG) كمكافأة كتلة بنسبة 50%. وبموجب [جدول](https://github.com/vergecurrency/verge) توليد العملة الحالي، يتم تخفيض المكافآت إلى النصف مع إكمال كل 500,000 كتلة.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة فيرج (Verge)؟

يتم تأمين شبكة "فيرج" من خلال خوارزمية [توافق](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus) إثبات العمل المشابهة لتلك الخاصة بسلسلة بيتكوين، والتي تستخدم "فيرج" نفس الكود الخاص بها. وفق هذه الخوارزمية، يجب أن يوافق 51% على الأقل من جميع العقد الكاملة في الشبكة على المعاملة قبل السماح بإضافتها إلى سلسلة الكتل، وهي العملية التي تخلق كتل بيانات جديدة وتعرف باسم التعدين، حيث يتنافس مشغلو العقد فيما بينهم لحل المسائل الرياضية المعقدة التي تستهلك كميات كبيرة من الطاقة. ومع ذلك، على عكس بيتكوين، تدعم "فيرج" خمس خوارزميات تعدين مختلفة. ووفقا لفريق التطوير، فإن هذا يجعل الشبكة أكثر أمنا، لأنه يتيح لمزيد من الأشخاص القدرة على المشاركة في عملية التعدين.

في أبريل 2018، [تعرضت](https://twitter.com/vergecurrency/status/981578693062610950) شركة "فيرج" لهجوم استهدف شبكتها مستغلاً ثغرة في خوارزمية التعدين (Scrypt) ما أدى إلى سرقة 20 مليون (XVG) حسبما [قيل](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3256693.0) حينها. وردا على ذلك، قام المشروع بعمل انقسام ثابت في سلسلة الكتل لتصحيح المشكلة. على الرغم مما أشيع على نطاق واسع من أنه [هجوم من نوع 51%](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/51-attack)، إلا أن المؤسس والمطور الرئيسي فالو [نفى](https://twitter.com/justinvendetta/status/1243002670505496576) ذلك، قائلاً إنه كان في الواقع هجوماً زمنياً، وهو نوع يتضمن التلاعب بالطوابع الزمنية للكتلة من أجل تقليل صعوبة التعدين.

### أين يمكنك شراء فيرج (XVG)؟

يتاح رمز (XVG) المشفّر للشراء في العديد من البورصات بما في ذلك [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/binance/)، و[HitBTC](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/hitbtc/)، و[Bittrex](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/bittrex/)، و[Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/huobi-global/). حيث يمكن تداوله مقابل عملات ورقية مثل الدولار الأمريكي واليورو، والعملات المشفرة مثل [بيتكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin)، و[إيثريوم](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/ethereum) (ETH)، إضافة إلى العملة المستقرة [دولار تيثر](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/tether/) (USDT)

هل أنت مهتم بشراء رمز (XVG) المشفّر أو غيره من العملات المشفرة مثل [Bitcoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin)؟ يُوفّر CoinMarketCap [دليلاً مُبسطاً](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) لكل ما تحتاج معرفته حول العملات المُشفرة وكيفية إجراء عملية شرائك الأولى.

وفيما يلي بعض المقالات الأخرى، التي قد تهمك:

* [ما هو صنبور العملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [ما هي بطاقات السحب المصرفية للعملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [ما هو Web 3.0؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [ماذا تعني زراعة الغلال (Yield Farming)؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [ما هو إقراض العملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

Technical Analysis: BTC, ETH, NEAR, PEPE, LTC, ADA, XVG and DOGE (July W2)

Binance

Verge

Ledger

Trezor

Trust Wallet

Math Wallet

VergePay

Atomic wallet

$XVG is a secure and user-friendly digital currency for everyday transactions. #XVGETH is an ERC20 token for a complete ecosystem. Circa 2014

DigiByte (DGB) is an open source blockchain and asset creation platform. Development began in October 2013 and the genesis block of its DGB token was mined in January 2014 as a fork of Bitcoin (BTC).

A longstanding public blockchain and cryptocurrency, DigiByte uses five different algorithms to improve security, and originally aimed to improve on the Bitcoin blockchain’s security, capacity and transaction speed.

DigiByte consists of three layers: a smart contract “App Store,” a public ledger and the core protocol featuring nodes communicating to relay transactions.

DigiByte

Siacoin (SC) is the native utility token of Sia, a blockchain-based distributed, decentralized cloud storage platform. Sia acts as a secure, trustless marketplace for cloud storage in which users can lease access to their unused storage space. Agreements and transactions are enforced with smart contracts, and Siacoin is the medium of exchange for paying for storage on the network. The main goal of the project is to become the "backbone storage layer of the internet."

Sia was originally announced in May 2014 before being revised and re-announced a year later in May 2015. It officially launched in June 2015.

Siacoin

Launched in 2017, Dent is a revolutionary digital mobile operator offering eSIM cards, mobile data plans, call minutes top-ups and a roaming-free experience. According to the company website, Dent employs blockchain technology’s powers to create a global marketplace for mobile data liberalization.

Dent has an ambitious roadmap ahead, with plans to expand its services to new markets by the end of 2021. The company has already attracted more than twenty-five million mobile device users, and Dent services are available in more than 140 countries. Enterprise partnerships for Dent include Samsung Blockchain, The Enterprise Ethereum Alliance and Telecom Infra.

Dent

NEM is a blockchain platform that was launched in March of 2015. It was one of the pioneers of the cryptocurrency industry, and sought to improve on the imperfections found on other chains at the time. It was one of the first non-turing complete chains to feature user-defined tokens (called mosaics), namespaces, multisignature accounts, and a P2P reputation system based on EigenTrust++. Its most notable contribution to the space is the proof-of-importance consensus mechanism, which sought to reward on-chain activity and deter the concentration of wealth commonly associated with proof-of-stake. Its client, NIS, is written in Java.

NEM has a global community. It sees the most utility as an alternative form of payment for businesses and vendors, and has a variety of social media apps built on top of it in Japan, such as nemgraph, a community-driven owned and operated alternative to Instagram.

In December 2021, NEM was hard forked by a pseudonymous team of cryptocurrency experts and enthusiasts alike. Titled Harlock, this hard fork signaled the community’s intent to take NEM from a shadow of its former self into the world’s leading payments platform for on-chain and off-chain media content.

Holo is a peer-to-peer distributed platform for hosting decentralized applications built using Holochain, a framework for developing DApps that does not require the use of blockchain technology. The goal of Holo is to serve as a bridge between the broader internet and apps built using Holochain, offering an ecosystem and marketplace in which DApps are easily accessible, as they are hosted on the internet by Holo network participants.

The Holo network will be facilitated using a token called HoloFuel, which is actively being tested and will act as an accounting system to pay hosts for their services. In 2018, the project minted an ERC-20 token, HOT — also known as HoloToken — as an "IOU" that will be redeemable for HoloFuel upon launch.

Holo is still in development and is expected to launch for open alpha and beta testing by 2021.

Holo

Reef is a Reliable Extensible Efficient Fast Layer-1 Blockchain for DeFi, NFT & Gaming. Built using Substrate Framework, it provides high scalability, enabling almost instant low-cost transactions, and supports Solidity and EVM, allowing developers to seamlessly migrate their DApps from Ethereum without any change in the codebase.

Reef Chain is the most advanced EVM-compatible blockchain. It's self-upgradable and has on-chain governance. Its infrastructure also allows for EVM extensions which allows for native token bridge, scheduled calls (ie. recurring payments), and smart contract in-place code upgrades. In the near future, it will support additional VMs which will allow developers to write code in multiple programming languages. The network runs on a Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism, which offers scalability and low fees.

REEF is the native token that is used for:

Fees for processing transactions and storing data.

Running validator nodes by staking REEF tokens.

Nominating which validator nodes should be part of the network.

Reef is backed by multiple leading funds and venture capitalists including NGC, QCP, Bitcoin.com, Kenetic Capital, LD Capital, TRG Capital, Krypital Group, Genesis Block, Woodstock Fund and others.

Reef Chain development tools include:

Remix and EVM integrated development environments for uploading and deploying smart contracts.

Reefscan blockchain explorer to assist with deploying validators, bonding and nominating validators, debugging contracts, and understanding network performance.

Reef command line tools that allow developers deploy applications from local environments.

Reef wallet for accessing and interacting with the blockchain

Reef

IOST describes itself as an “ultra-fast,” fully fledged and decentralized blockchain network and ecosystem with its own nodes, wallets and based on the “next-generation” consensus protocol dubbed “proof-of-believability.”

IOST

Founded in 2015, StormX is one of the first global cryptocurrency-based solutions to reach worldwide markets. As a mobile app and browser extension, StormX aims to bring users cashback in crypto for most of their online purchases. With enterprise partners like Samsung, Nike and Lego. StormX also allows users to stake the native STMX token to boost their rewards.

The company has already attracted investments from Blockfolio, Litecoin Foundation and Kyber Network. StormX has successfully developed its product and has become an industry leader in the crypto cashback community. The company is also catching users’ attention by offering cashback of up to 87.5% for some purchases.

StormX

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

Zilliqa is a public, permissionless blockchain that is designed to offer high throughput with the ability to complete thousands of transactions per second. It seeks to solve the issue of blockchain scalability and speed by employing sharding as a second-layer scaling solution. The platform is home to many decentralized applications, and as of October 2020, it also allows for staking and yield farming.

Development work officially started on Zilliqa in June 2017, and its testnet went live in March 2018. A little over a year later, in June 2019, the platform launched its mainnet.

The native utility token of Zilliqa, ZIL, is used to process transactions on the network and execute smart contracts.

Zilliqa

Apps use ICON to operate cross-chain seamlessly, build momentum and gain reputation. ICON's Cross-Chain Framework simplifies cross-chain development with its easy-to-use xCall messaging standard and connections to secure bridging protocols.

ICON

WINkLink

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that features unique architecture and an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions to use in Web3. It is built on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle, which can be pictured as a multi-dimensional blockchain. It enables the exchange of data and value on a decentralized platform through direct and secure transfers, executed on and immutably recorded on the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into IOTA.

Together with its staging network Shimmer, IOTA aims to offer solutions to establish a secure and permissionless infrastructure that can drive the economy of the future. It enables the development of decentralized applications through automated trust in the form of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, an advanced consensus algorithm, and thoughtfully balanced incentives.

IOTA delivers tools for creating and managing custom Layer 2 (EVM) chains, deploying smart contracts, minting native tokens and NFTs with distinctive features, and introducing digital identities to users.

Launching in 2024, IOTA 2.0 will be a protocol upgrade that rebuilds IOTA’s architecture to deliver full decentralization. You can find more about it here.

IOTA

Qtum (pronounced ‘“quantum”)  is a proof-of-stake (PoS) smart contract open-source blockchain platform and value transfer protocol. It aims to bring together the strengths of Bitcoinand Ethereumin one chain. Qtum is built on Bitcoin's UTXO transaction model, with the added functionality of smart contract execution and DApps. Recently, the platform added support for DeFi applications. As of March 2021, there are more than 20 tokens created on the Qtum blockchain.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Qtum.

The project was announced in March 2016 and held an ICO a year after, in March 2017, which brought its founders $15 million USD. The Qtum main chain was released on Sept.13, 2017. Initially, the Qtum coin was issued as a ETH-20 token, but with the launch of the mainnet, it was converted to native blockchain.

Qtum

Reserve Rights (RSR) is an ERC-20 token that will serve two main purposes for the Reserve Protocol: overcollateralization of Reserve stablecoins (RTokens) through staking and governing them through proposing & voting on changes to their configuration.

The Reserve Rights (RSR) token was launched in May 2019 following a successful initial exchange offering (IEO) on the Huobi Prime platform.

Reserve Rights

Ravencoin is a digital peer-to-peer (P2P) network that aims to implement a use case specific blockchain, designed to efficiently handle one specific function: the transfer of assets from one party to another. Built on a fork of the Bitcoin code, Ravencoin was announced on Oct. 31, 2017 and released binaries for mining on Jan. 3, 2018 with what is called a fair launch: no premine, ICO or masternodes. It was named in reference to a TV show Game of Thrones.

Ravencoin

Billed as "digital money for the modern world," nano is a lightweight cryptocurrency that is designed to facilitate secure, practically instant payments, without fees, and addresses some of the major limitations of both legacy financial infrastructure, and many modern cryptocurrencies.

Development of the project began in 2014 under the name RaiBlocks, and the coin (then termed XRB) launched the following year through a public faucet, which allowed users to claim small amounts of XRB after completing a captcha challenge. Anyone with access to a computer or phone could solve captchas, and be rewarded with RaiBlocks. The number of XRB people received per solved captcha varied over time

RaiBlocks (XRB) was rebranded to Nano in January 2018, with the new name chosen to better represent the speed and simplicity the project offers to users.

It is a peer-to-peer platform that uses a unique block-lattice data structure to allow users to easily transfer value to one another without relying on centralized intermediaries.

Unlike other platforms which typically use the combined proof-of-work of a massive mining network to achieve consensus, nano instead uses a system known as Open Representative Voting (ORV) — which sees account holders vote for their chosen representative, who then work to confirm blocks of transactions securely.

ORV makes Nano extremely energy efficient, positioning it as a more environmentally friendly alternative to proof-of-work (POW)-based cryptocurrencies.

In November, 2021, aiming to bring nano to the real world and to comply with the globally-recognized standards of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) requirements, nano adopted a new ticker and a standard symbol: XNO and Ӿ.

Nano

BitShares Blockchain is a decentralized “Blockchain as Organization” (BaO); an industrial-grade decentralized open source platform built to run high-performance financial technology operations. It represents the first decentralized autonomous decentralized community that enables its core utility token (BTS) holders to decide the Blockchain future direction in order to develop and maintain a wide range of decentralized financial technology products, features and functions. BitShares Blockchain is a Blockchain that permanently records financial technology operations between different Blockchain accounts and facilitates a wide range of access controls across BitShares Blockchain user financial means.

BitShares Blockchain is a technology that supports the digital generation entrepreneurs, investors, and developers with a common interest in building and participating in free market solutions by leveraging the power of globally decentralized consensus and decision making. Consensus technology has the power to do for economics what the internet did for information. It can harness the combined power of all humanity to coordinate the discovery and aggregation of real-time knowledge, previously unobtainable. This knowledge can be used to more effectively coordinate the allocation of resources toward their most productive and valuable use.

BitShares looks to extend the innovation of the Blockchain to all industries that rely upon the internet to provide their services. Whether its banking, stock exchanges, lotteries, voting, music, auctions or many others, a digital public ledger allows for the creation of distributed autonomous companies (or BaO) that provide better quality services at a fraction of the cost incurred by their more traditional, centralized counterparts. The advent of (BaO) ushers in a new paradigm in organizational structure in which companies can run without any human management and under the control of an incorruptible set of business rules. These rules are encoded in publicly auditable open source software distributed across the computers of the companies’ shareholders, who effortlessly secure the company from arbitrary control. BitShares does for business what bitcoin did for money by utilizing distributed consensus technology to create companies that are inherently global, transparent, trustworthy, efficient and most importantly profitable.

BitShares has went through many changes and has done its best to stay on top of Blockchain technology. BitShares is using Consensus as the mechanism by which organized people decide upon unitary rational action. While not considered technology in the traditional since, consensus “technology” is the basis of democratic governance and the coordination of free market activity first coined by Adam Smith as the “Invisible Hand.” The process of consensus decision-making allows for all participants to consent upon a resolution of action even if not the favored course of action for each individual participant. Bitcoin was the first system to integrate a fully decentralized consensus method with the modern technology of the internet and peer-to-peer networks in order to more efficiently facilitate the transfer of value through electronic communication. The proof-of-work structure that secures and maintains the Bitcoin network is one manner of organizing individuals who do not necessarily trust one another to act in the best interest of all participants of the network. The BitShares ecosystem employs Delegated Proof of Stake in order to find efficient solutions to distributed consensus decision making.

BitShares

Stellar (XLM) is a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized network created in 2014 by The Stellar Development Foundation or Stellar.org. The network officially launched in 2015 with the purpose of connecting the world's financial systems and ensuring a protocol for payment providers and financial institutions. The platform is designed to move financial resources swiftly and reliably at minimal cost. Stellar links people, banks, payment processors and allows users to create, send and trade multiple types of crypto.

The basis of the network is its native digital currency - XLM or Lumens. XLM acts as an intermediate currency for operations and is also used to pay transaction fees. How it works: the protocol converts money in a few seconds, first into XLM, and then into the requested currency.

The Stellar payment protocol is based on distributed ledger technology -- an open-source development, community-owned and distributed by community. The crypto asset of the Stellar platform helps with cross-border transactions, overcoming the problems of high fees and slow procedures. XLM is more focused on assisting individuals transfer money than they are with institutions. Thus, Stellar offers access to financial systems, and people can send money at low cost and promptly around the world.

Moreover, Stellar serves as a decentralized exchange and marketplace, with a built-in order book that tracks ownership of Stellar assets. Platform users can manage buy/sell orders, as well as select and set their preferred assets in settlements. XLM is a built-in coin that helps reduce transaction fees.

The network maintains a high level of security.  XLM holders must have at least one token in order to remain active on the network. This nuance performs a global goal - the execution of network transactions efficiently and with minimal time costs. Plus, Lumens offers protection against flood attacks by making microtransactions too expensive for hackers with no chance of profit, which keeps Stellar Network safe from serious threats.

The target audience of Stellar is the inhabitants of developing countries, ordinary users who are provided access to the global economy through fast, simple and inexpensive transactions. Stellar Network makes extensive use of Lumens to produce live convection as well as to send cash in multiple currencies; currency is sent from one peer, and the recipient can receive the amount in another currency. This feature is beneficial when a transaction is made between currencies without widely traded pairs.

Support for multi-currency transactions is another competitive advantage of Stellar, and the ability for cross-currency transactions has only enhanced processes with foreign operations. Moreover, stable speed and low transaction costs are a privilege that users receive.

This functionality is powered by a development called Anchors (a bridge between different currencies and the network), which simplifies the exchange within the network and helps speed up the whole process.

In summary, the benefits of Stellar (XLM) include:

Stellar

Lisk is striving to on-board 100,000,000 users into crypto and web3 by offering an accessible blockchain application platform and an industry leading JavaScript SDK.

Released in 2019, the Lisk SDK enables developers to build application-specific blockchains entirely in JavaScript, the most widely used programming language in the world. To get a deep-dive into the Lisk SDK, please visit the Lisk SDK documentation or watch Lisk.js 2019 and Lisk.js 2022.

To be released in 2022, the Lisk blockchain application platform allows interoperability between all application-specific blockchains built with the Lisk SDK. With other words, users will be able to use DeFi, NFT or Metaverse blockchain applications on Lisk.

To better understand why Lisk is important watch the following videos: The Case for Lisk and The Ultimate Vision for Lisk.

If you are curious about Lisk’s history and journey, watch Looking Back on Lisk.

The Lisk project is managed by the Lisk Foundation, a non-profit entity based in Zug, Switzerland. A local team of experts specialized in law and finance, as well as yearly audits, ensure the proper handling of funds and regulatory compliance under the supervision of the Swiss Federal Foundation Supervisory Authority (ESA, Eidgenössische Stiftungsaufsicht).

The Lisk products are developed by the Lightcurve GmbH, a Berlin based blockchain studio. With a team of over 40 blockchain experts, Lightcurve is researching, developing and promoting the Lisk SDK and the Lisk blockchain application platform.