## ما هي ثورتشين (RUNE)؟

ثورتشين (THORCHain) هو بروتوكول سيولة لامركزي يسمح للمستخدمين بتبادل أصول العملة المشفرة بسهولة عبر مجموعة من الشبكات دون فقدان الوصاية على أصولهم أثناء هذه العملية.

مع ثورتشين، يمكن للمستخدمين ببساطة مبادلة أصل بأخر في بيئة لامركزية، دون الحاجة إلى الاعتماد على سجل طلبات التداول كمصدر للسيولة. بدلاً من ذلك، يتم الحفاظ على أسعار السوق من خلال تغيّر نسبة الأصول في مجمع السيولة الخاصة بها (انظر [صانع السوق الآلي](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/automated-market-maker-amm#:~:text=An%20automated%20market%20maker%20(AMM,operates%20in%20through%20automated%20trading.))).

الرمز المشفّر الذي يشغّل منصة ثورتشين هو (RUNE). حيث يستخدم كعملة أساسية في النظام البيئي لثورتشين، ويستخدم أيضاً لإدارة المنصة والأمن كجزء من آليات مقاومة ثورتشين الاحتيال بأسلوب (Sybil) — حيث يتوجب على عقد ثورتشين أن تمتلك ما لا يقل عن مليون (RUNE) للمشاركة في عملية [توافق الآراء](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus) الدورية.

تم تمويل ثورتشين من خلال طرحي أولي للعملة على سوق لامركزي (IDO) والذي تم إجراؤه من خلال Binance [DEX](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-exchange-dex) في يوليو 2019. فيما تم إطلاق شبكتها الرئيسية في يناير 2021، ثم قامت بترقية دعم السلاسل المتعددة في عام 2021.

### من هم مؤسسو ثورتشين؟

وفقاً لممثل رسمي عن ثورتشين، لا يوجد للمنصة رئيس تنفيذي ولا مؤسس ولا مديرين. بل يتم تنظيم التطويرات على المنصة من خلال Gitlab.

علاوة على ذلك، فإن أولئك الذين يعملون حالياً في المشروع مجهولون إلى حد كبير. ويضيف الممثل الرسمي لثورتشين في تبريره ذلك بأنه: "لحماية المشروع وضمان قدرته على تحقيق اللامركزية".

تسلط [تغريدة](https://twitter.com/thorchain_org/status/1198720787785453568?lang=en) من قبل المشروع بعض الضوء على النظرية الكامنة وراء الحفاظ على إخفاء هويات فريق المشروع، كما هو مذكور أدناه:

"-> يعمل المطورون لصالح العقد، عن طريق رمز الشحن الذي يجعل النظام أكثر قيمة.

-> بدورها، تعمل العقد لصالح حاملي الرموز المخزنة مؤقتاً، عبر تأمين الأصول والبقاء متصلة بالإنترنت.

-> أمّا حاملي الرموز المخزنة مؤقتاً؛ فهم من يجلب رأس المال، ويضعه في السوق لتوفير السيولة للمتداولين.

-> وبالمقابل، يدفع المتداولون الرسوم، ليكملوا دائرة النشاط الاقتصادي ".

### ما الذي يميّز ثورتشين؟

تستخدم ثورتشين نظاماً فريداً للمساعدة في التخفيف من ["الخسائر غير الدائمة"](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/impermanent-loss) — أو ما يطلق عليها الخسائر المؤقتة، التي يمكن أن يتعرض لها مزودو السيولة في كثير من الأحيان عند المساهمة في مجمعات السيولة. حيث تحقق ذلك من خلال استخدام الرسوم القائمة على انزلاق السعر للمساعدة في ضمان بقاء السيولة حيث يجب.

علاوة على ذلك، تجمع ثورتشين بين مجموعة من التقنيات الجديدة، بما في ذلك ربط الحالة الآنية، وآلة الحالة، ووحدة توقيع (Bifrِst)، وبروتوكول (TSS) لتسهيل مبادلة الرموز المشفّرة بسلاسة. كل هذا يتم وراء الكواليس، مما يجعل المنصة متاحة حتى للمتداولين عديمي الخبرة.

المنصة ليست موجهة نحو الربح. وجميع الرسوم التي يولدها البروتوكول تذهب مباشرة إلى المستخدمين، ولا توجد مخصصات للفريق. بدلاً من ذلك، يتم تحفيز الفريق ببساطة عن طريق الاحتفاظ برموز RUNE — مثلهم مثل أي شخص آخر.

يتوفر الرمز المشفّر حالياً على عدة سلاسل كتل، بما فيها بينانس تشين (كرمز قائم على معيار BEP-2) وإيثريوم (كرمز قائم على معيار ERC-20).

#### صفحات ذات صلة:

ألق نظرة على [يوني سواب (UNI)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/uniswap/) — الرمز المشفّر الخاص بالحوكمة في صانع السوق الآلي الشهير، يوني سواب.

ألق نظرة على [ون إنش (1INCH)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/1inch/) — الرمز الأصلي لمجمّع سيولة التبادل اللامركزي، ون إنش.

[ما مدى لامركزية الشبكات اللامركزية؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/how-decentralized-are-decentralized-networks) اكتشف ذلك مع CoinMarketCap Alexandria.

هل قمت بزيارة [مدونة CoinMarketCap](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog)؟

### كم عدد عملات ثورتشين (RUNE) الموجودة في التداول؟

بحلول فبراير 2021، كان هناك 158.4 مليون (RUNE) في التداول من إجمالي المعروض البالغ 500 مليون.

وكما تطرقنا سابقاً، أطلقت ثورتشين في البداية بعد [طرح اولي لامركزي](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-exchange-offering) على Binance DEX وكجزء من ذلك الحدث، تم بيع 20 مليون (RUNE). وقبلها، تم بيع ما مجموعه 130 مليون (RUNE) في جولات تمويل سابقة.

وفقاً [لاقتراح Binance DEX](https://community.binance.org/topic/357/proposal-to-list-thorchain-rune-on-binance-dex) الرسمي، تم تخصيص 10% من إجمالي المعروض (50 مليون رمز مشفّر) للفريق، وتم قفلها حتى إطلاق الشبكة الرئيسية — على أن يتم الإفراج عنها بنسبة 20% شهرياً بعد ذلك.

تمتلك ثورتشين حالياً معدّلاً سنوياً لإصدار للرموز المشفّرة يبدأ من 30%. ومن المقرر أن ينخفض هذا المعدّل إلى حوالي 2% سنوياً بعد عشر سنوات.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة ثورتشين؟

تم بناء ثورتشين باستخدام حزمة أدوات تطوير كوزموس، ويتم تشغيلها بواسطة آلية توافق تندرمينت. وهو ما يحافظ على أمن الشبكة ضد [الهجمات](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/51-attack) من خلال نظام ([BFT](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/byzantine-fault-tolerance-bft)) الجديد لإثبات الحصة ([PoS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake)) والذي يشهد عدداً كبيراً من المدققين يعملون معاً لاقتراح وإنهاء كتل المعاملات.

علاوة على ذلك، تم تدقيق [عقود ثورتشين الذكية](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) من قبل العديد من شركات الأمن التابعة لطرف ثالث، بما في ذلك تدقيق تم إجراؤه من قبل Certik — التي لم تجد أي نقاط ضعف.

### أين يمكنك شراء ثورتشين (RUNE)؟

RUNE هي عملة مشفرة شائعة ومتاحة للشراء والتداول على عدد كبير من منصات التداول المركزية واللامركزية. وأبرز هذه المنصات هي [بينانس](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/binance/) (مركزية)، و[سوشي سواب](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/2020/09/16/bullish-activity-for-bitcoin-under-the-hood-of-the-sushiswap-saga-a-data-perspective-by-intotheblock/) (لامركزية).

وحسب بيانات فبراير 2021، فإن الغالبية العظمى من أزواج تداول (RUNE) تكون مقابل عملات مشفرة أخرى. ومع ذلك، يمكن شراء RUNE مقابل الوون الكوري (KRW) على بورصة ProBit، ومقابل الدولار الأمريكي (USD) على FTX. للمزيد من المعلومات حول شراء العملات المشفرة باستخدام العملات الورقية، اطلع على [دليلنا الشهير](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/).

وفيما يلي بعض المقالات الأخرى، التي قد تهمك:

* [ما هو صنبور العملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [ما هي بطاقات السحب المصرفية للعملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [ما هو Web 3.0؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [ماذا تعني زراعة الغلال (Yield Farming)؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [ما هو إقراض العملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

⚡️ New integrations: Li.Fi, Cake Wallet, Fireblocks, + more

Open Source Native Asset Infrastructure ⚡️Non-custodial Bitcoin to ETH swaps & more ⚡️Earn yield on your coins ⚡️Powering crypto's largest wallets & exchanges

THORChain's Q2 Report has been published  Highlights: ⚡️ $13.9b in total swap volume ⚡️ $5.28m in fees collected ⚡️ $3.92m earned by interfaces ⚡️ New integrations: Li.Fi, Cake Wallet, Fireblocks, + more ⚡️ Trade Assets launch ⚡️ RUNEPool & Solana Soon™️  Full announcement: https://medium.com/thorchain/thorchain-q2-2024-ecosystem-report-13911bd5c7a5

How THORChain Trading Impacts the Price of $RUNE: Flipside Crypto

Bridges of Ethereum County: Flipside Crypto

Binance

THORChain

Ledger

Binance Chain Wallet

Atomic wallet

Thorchain

Fantom is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) smart contract platform providing decentralized finance (DeFi) services to developers using its own bespoke consensus algorithm.

Together with its in-house token FTM, Fantom aims to solve problems associated with smart-contract platforms, specifically transaction speed, which developers say they have reduced to under two seconds.

The Fantom Foundation, which oversees the Fantom product offering, was originally created in 2018, with the launch of OPERA, Fantom’s mainnet, coming in December 2019.

Fantom is an open-source decentralized smart contract platform for DApps and digital assets that was created as an alternative to Ethereum. Fantom has the goal of overcoming the limitations of previous generation blockchains and balancing three components: scalability, security and decentralization. The project offers a set of tools to simplify the process of integrating existing DApps, as well as a detailed staking reward system and built-in DeFi instruments.

Fantom is a Layer-1 blockchain that uses a scratch-built consensus mechanism and independent consensus layer, Lachesis, to facilitate DeFi and related services on the basis of smart contracts. Lachesis provides security for other layers as well, including Opera, Fantom's EVM-compatible smart contract chain. The long-playing mission of the project is to “grant compatibility between all transaction bodies around the world.”

One of Fantom's key strengths is its performance and efficient transaction processing, namely thousands of transactions per second, where transactions are settled in 1-2 seconds, and the cost is fractions of a cent per transaction. As a result, Fantom provides higher scalability but at a lower cost.

The ecosystem is based on two main technologies: Lachesis protocol and Opera.

The Lachesis protocol is the core consensus layer that secures the Fantom network by providing both transaction speed and security.

Lachesis is an aBFT consensus engine that uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG) algorithm. How it works: network data can be processed at different times, and the network filters the participants, allowing only one third, which are allocated due to erroneous or malicious behavior, without compromising network processes.

Fantom's Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (aBFT) Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism maintains the efficiency of the entire network, its design provides security at maximum speed. Fantom developers emphasize that the PoS mechanism is a leaderless phenomenon — there are no leaders of blocks and participants, and anyone can join (or leave) the network of nodes at a convenient moment.

The key qualities of Lachesis are: asynchronous, leaderless, Byzantine fault-tolerant, and near-instant finality.

As for Opera, it's an application development layer or Fantom's mainnet deployment platform, permissionless and open-source hosting DApps. Thanks to EVM integration and support for the Solidity programming language, Fantom has a full set of smart contract capabilities, which allows users to seamlessly interact with Ethereum platforms while maintaining the advantage of Fantom's transaction efficiency.

The Fantom Foundation concluded that removing block leaders improves network security, so Opera uses a PoS model and leaderless validators (validators do not determine which blocks are valid).

In addition to being a fast, secure and cheap payment platform that enables to make fast and secure payments at minimal cost, Fantom also features on-chain governance where users vote with FTM tokens (one token equals one vote). Of the features: users have the right to express the degree of agreement / disagreement on a scale from 0 to 4.

FTM is the native utility in-house PoS token of Fantom that powers the ecosystem and is applied for payments, network fees, staking, and governance. FTM forms the backbone of transactions, and allows fee collection and staking activities, along with the user rewards the latter represents.

Fantom

Arweave is a decentralized storage network that seeks to offer a platform for the indefinite storage of data. Describing itself as "a collectively owned hard drive that never forgets," the network primarily hosts "the permaweb" — a permanent, decentralized web with a number of community-driven applications and platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Arweave.

The Arweave network uses a native cryptocurrency, AR, to pay "miners" to indefinitely store the network's information.

The project was first announced as Archain in August 2017, later rebranding to Arweave in February 2018 and officially launching in June 2018.

Arweave

Theta Network

Injective (INJ) is a blockchain built for finance. It is an open, interoperable layer-one blockchain powering next-generation DeFi applications, including decentralized spot and derivatives exchanges, prediction markets, lending protocols, and more.

Injective uniquely provides powerful core financial infrastructure primitives that applications can leverage, including a fully decentralized MEV-resistant on-chain orderbook. In addition, all forms of financial markets such as spot, perpetual, futures and options are fully on-chain. The decentralized cross-chain bridging infrastructure is compatible with Ethereum, IBC-enabled blockchains, and non EVM chains such as Solana.

Injective also provides a next-generation, highly interoperable smart contract platform based on CosmWasm, with advanced interchain capabilities. Injective is custom built with the Cosmos SDK and utilizes Tendermint-based Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism, providing instant transaction finality with the ability to sustain lightning-fast performance (25,000+ TPS).

The Injective ecosystem includes 100+ projects and over 150,000 community members globally. Injective is backed by a group of prominent investors such as Binance, Pantera Capital, Jump Crypto and Mark Cuban.

Injective

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

Chainlink

NEAR Protocol is a layer-one blockchain that was designed as a community-run cloud computing platform and that eliminates some of the limitations that have been bogging competing blockchains, such as low transaction speeds, low throughput and poor interoperability. This provides the ideal environment for DApps and creates a developer and user-friendly platform. For instance, NEAR uses human-readable account names, unlike the cryptographic wallet addresses common to Ethereum. NEAR also introduces unique solutions to scaling problems and has its own consensus mechanism called “Doomslug.”

NEAR Protocol is being built by the NEAR Collective, its community that is updating the initial code and releasing updates to the ecosystem. Its declared goal is to build a platform that is “secure enough to manage high value assets like money or identity and performant enough to make them useful for everyday people.”

Flux, a protocol that allows developers to create markets based on assets, commodities, real-world events, and Mintbase, an NFT minting platform are examples of projects being built on NEAR Protocol.

NEAR Protocol

Avalanche is a layer one blockchain that functions as a platform for decentralized applications and custom blockchain networks. It is one of Ethereum’s rivals, aiming to unseat Ethereum as the most popular blockchain for smart contracts. It aims to do so by having a higher transaction output of up to 6,500 transactions per second while not compromising scalability.

This is made possible by Avalanche’s unique architecture. The Avalanche network consists of three individual blockchains: the X-Chain, C-Chain and P-Chain. Each chain has a distinct purpose, which is radically different from the approach Bitcoin and Ethereum use, namely having all nodes validate all transactions. Avalanche blockchains even use different consensus mechanisms based on their use cases.

After its mainnet launch in 2020, Avalanche has worked on developing its own ecosystem of DApps and DeFi. Different Ethereum-based projects such as SushiSwap and TrueUSD have integrated with Avalanche. Furthermore, the platform is constantly working on improving interoperability between its own ecosystem and Ethereum, like through the development of bridges.

Avalanche

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Aave

Immutable positions itself as the first layer-two scaling solution for NFTs on Ethereum. According to Immutable, its blockchain does away with Ethereum’s limitations like low scalability, a poor user experience, illiquidity, and a slow developer experience. Instead, users benefit from instant trading and massive scalability while enjoying zero gas fees for minting and trading NFTs without compromising user or asset security.

Thanks to this technology, users will be able to create and distribute assets like ERC-20 and ERC-721 tokens on a massive scale. Chris Clay, the game Director of Gods Unchained, a project already building on Immutable, stated that Immutable allows Gods Unchained to implement a new meta-system that was previously impossible. In this fashion, Immutable aims to create a world-class experience for users and developers alike.

Immutable

Polygon (previously Matic Network) is the first well-structured, easy-to-use platform for Ethereum scaling and infrastructure development. Its core component is Polygon SDK, a modular, flexible framework that supports building multiple types of applications.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Polygon Matic.

Using Polygon, one can create optimistic rollup chains, ZK rollup chains, stand alone chains or any other kind of infra required by the developer.

Polygon effectively transforms Ethereum into a full-fledged multi-chain system (aka Internet of Blockchains). This multi-chain system is akin to other ones such as Polkadot, Cosmos, Avalanche etc. with the advantages of Ethereum’s security, vibrant ecosystem and openness.

The $MATIC token will continue to exist and will play an increasingly important role, securing the system and enabling governance.

Polygon (formerly Matic Network) is a Layer 2 scaling solution backed by Binance and Coinbase. The project seeks to stimulate mass adoption of cryptocurrencies by resolving the problems of scalability on many blockchains.

Polygon combines the Plasma Framework and the proof-of-stake blockchain architecture. The Plasma framework used by Polygon as proposed by the co-founder of Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, allows for the easy execution of scalable and autonomous smart contracts.

Nothing will change for the existing ecosystem built on the Plasma-POS chain. With Polygon, new features are being built around the existing proven technology to expand the ability to cater to diverse needs from the developer ecosystem. Polygon will continue to develop the core technology so that it can scale to a larger ecosystem.

Polygon boasts of up to 65,000 transactions per second on a single side chain, along with a respectable block confirmation time of less than two seconds. The framework also allows for the creation of globally available decentralized financial applications on a single foundational blockchain.

The Plasma framework gives Polygon the potential of housing an unlimited number of decentralized applications on their infrastructure without experiencing the normal drawbacks common on proof-of-work blockchains. So far, Polygon has attracted more than 50 DApps to its PoS-secured Ethereum sidechain.

MATIC, the native tokens of Polygon, is an ERC-20 token running on the Ethereum blockchain. The tokens are used for payment services on Polygon and as a settlement currency between users who operate within the Polygon ecosystem. The transaction fees on Polygon sidechains are also paid in MATIC tokens.

Polygon

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

RenderToken (RNDR) is a distributed GPU rendering network built on top of the Ethereum blockchain, aiming to connect artists and studios in need of GPU compute power with mining partners willing to rent their GPU capabilities out. Conceived in 2009 by OTOY, inc. CEO Jules Urbach and launched in 2017, RNDR held its first public token sale in October of that same year, followed by a private sale period lasting from January 2018 – May 2018, wherein a total of 117,843,239 RNDR were sold at a price of 1 RNDR = $0.25 USD equivalent of token.
During the private sale period, early adopters were onboarded onto the RNDR Beta Testnet, where beta node operators and artists worked collaboratively with the RNDR team in building and testing the network, up until its public launch on April 27th 2020.

Render

Stacks is a Bitcoin Layer for smart contracts; it enables smart contracts and decentralized applications to use Bitcoin as an asset and settle transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin is the largest, most valuable, and most durable decentralized asset. The Stacks layer unlocks $500B in BTC capital using the Bitcoin L1 as settlement for decentralized applications.

Stacks has knowledge of the full Bitcoin state, thanks to its Proof of Transfer consensus and Clarity language, enabling it to read from Bitcoin at any time.

All transactions on the Stacks layer are automatically hashed and settled on the Bitcoin L1. Stacks blocks are secured by 100% Bitcoin hashpower. In order to re-order Stacks blocks/transactions, an attacker would have to reorg Bitcoin.

Stacks

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Polkadot is an open-source sharded multichain protocol that connects and secures a network of specialized blockchains, facilitating cross-chain transfer of any data or asset types, not just tokens, thereby allowing blockchains to be interoperable with each other. Polkadot was designed to provide a foundation for a decentralized internet of blockchains, also known as Web3.

Polkadot is known as a layer-0 metaprotocol because it underlies and describes a format for a network of layer 1 blockchains known as parachains (parallel chains). As a metaprotocol, Polkadot is also capable of autonomously and forklessly updating its own codebase via on-chain governance according to the will of its token holder community.

Polkadot provides a foundation to support a decentralized web, controlled by its users, and to simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.

The Polkadot protocol can connect public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot Relay Chain (explained further down).

Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: staking for operations and security, facilitating network governance, and bonding tokens to  connect parachains .

Polkadot has four core components:

Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;

Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;

Parathreads: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;

Bridges: allow parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.

Polkadot

Algorand is a self-sustaining, decentralized, blockchain-based network that supports a wide range of applications. These systems are secure, scalable and efficient, all critical properties for effective applications in the real world. Algorand will support computations that require reliable performance guarantees to create new forms of trust.

The Algorand mainnet became live in June 2019, and was able to handle almost 1 million transactions per day as of December 2020. Algorand transaction metrics can be viewed here. Algorand initial coin offering (ICO) was held in June 2019, with the Algorand price of $0.24 per token.

Algorand

Uniswap is a popular decentralized trading protocol, known for its role in facilitating automated trading of decentralized finance (DeFi) tokens.

An example of an automated market maker (AMM), Uniswap launched in November 2018, but has gained considerable popularity this year thanks to the DeFi phenomenon and associated surge in token trading.

Uniswap aims to keep token trading automated and completely open to anyone who holds tokens, while improving the efficiency of trading versus that on traditional exchanges.

Uniswap creates more efficiency by solving liquidity issues with automated solutions, avoiding the problems which plagued the first decentralized exchanges.

In September 2020, Uniswap went a step further by creating and awarding its own governance token, UNI, to past users of the protocol. This added both profitability potential and the ability for users to shape its future — an attractive aspect of decentralized entities.

Uniswap

MultiversX is a blockchain protocol that offers true horizontal scalability by using all aspects of sharding (Network, Transaction & State). The project describes itself as a technology ecosystem for the new internet, which includes decentralized finance, real world assets and the Metaverse. Its smart contracts execution platform is reportedly capable of up to 100,000 transactions per second, 6-second latency and a $0.002 transaction cost.

MultiversX is governed and secured through the EGLD token. EGLD, or Electronic Gold, is MultiversX's native token. It acts as a store of value currency to pay for network usage. The coin also serves as a medium of exchange between platform users and validators. Users pay transaction fees in EGLD and validators participate in the consensus process.

EGLD allows developers to deploy smart contracts, protocols, and dApps on the platform. It empowers participants to perform any network action. Through staking and validation rewards, as well as transaction fees, EGLD manages the MultiversX network. Plus, EGLD is endowed with the functionality of a governance token, so its holders can vote on network decisions.

MultiversX

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.