## ما هي Tezos (XTZ)؟

إنّ Tezos شبكة سلسلة كتل تعتمد على العقود الذكية، بطريقة لا تختلف كثيرًا عن Ethereum. ولكن هناك فرق كبير: تهدف Tezos إلى تقديم بنية تحتية أكثر تقدمًا — مما يعني أنها يمكن أن تتطور وتتحسن بمرور الوقت دون التعرض لخطر الانقسام الكلي (hard fork). عانت كل من Bitcoin و Ethereum من هذه المشكلة منذ إنشائهما. يمكن للأشخاص الذين يحملون XTZ التصويت على مقترحات ترقيات البروتوكول التي تم طرحها بواسطة مطوري Tezos.

تعتبر هذه المنصة مفتوحة المصدر نفسها "آمنة وقابلة للترقية ومصممة لتدوم" — كما تقول إن لغة العقد الذكية الخاصة بها توفر الدقة المطلوبة لحالات الاستخدام عالية القيمة. وفقًا لشبكة Tezos، فإن نهجها يعني أنها مقاومة للمستقبل و "ستظل على أحدث طراز لفترة طويلة في المستقبل"، مما يعني أنها يمكن أن تتبنى التطورات في تقنية سلسلة الكتل.

تم اقتراح التقنية التي تقوم عليها Tezos لأول مرة في وثيقة بيضاء تم إصدارها في سبتمبر 2014. بعد سلسلة من التأخيرات، تم إطلاق شبكة Tezos الرئيسية بعد أربع سنوات.

### من هم مُؤسسو Tezos؟

كان آرثر بريتمان هو الرجل الذي كتب ورقة Tezos البيضاء — وفي إيماءة إلى [ساتوشي ناكتمو](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/who-is-satoshi-nakamoto)، كتب أعماله تحت الاسم المستعار L.M Goodman. وعبّر ئبأنّ أحد أكبر إخفاقات Bitcoin هو الافتقار إلى عملية حوكمة التي دعت المساهمات من المجتمع الذي يستخدم الشبكة — بالإضافة إلى حقيقة أنه لا يمكن إصدار رموز جديدة من خلال سلسلة الكتل هذه.

أسس هو وزوجته كاثلين شركة ناشئة تسمى Dynamic Ledger Solutions والتي كُلفت بكتابة الكود الذي من شأنه أن يدعم بروتوكول Tezos. تم شراء هذه الشركة لاحقًا من قبل مؤسسة Tezos للتأكد من أنها تمتلك جميع حقوق الملكية الفكرية المتعلقة بالشبكة.

### ما الذي يُميز Tezos؟

على الرغم من أن التحصيص (Staking) أمر شائع عبر سلاسل الكتل، إلا أن Tezos لها تطور فريد في هذه العملية. يمكن للمشاركين المشاركة في إدارة الشبكة من خلال عملية الخبز "baking"، حيث يُشاركون بشكلٍ فعال في تحصيص 8,000 XTZ. الأمر الذي يخلق حافزًا ماليًا للتصرف بأمانة.

ثم يتم تكليف الخّبازين "Bakers" بالتصويت على التغييرات المقترحة على كود سلسلة الكتل في إجراء من أربع خطوات يستغرق حوالي 23 يومًا. يتم وضع المقترحات التي تتلقى الدعم من الغالبية العظمى من المشاركين في خطواتهم على شبكة اختبار لمدة 48 ساعة ويتم تنفيذها بالكامل إذا كانت مدعومة بأغلبية عظمى.

تعتبر Tezos أيضًا فريدة من نوعها نظرًا للطريقة التي بدأت بها الشركات رفيعة المستوى في استخدامها. في سبتمبر 2020، تم الإعلان أنّ شركة سوسيتيه جنرال المصرفية الفرنسية العملاقة تخطط لاستخدام سلسلة الكتل لتجربة عملة رقمية للبنك المركزي.

كشفت منصات تداول العملات المشفرة الكبيرة مثل Binance و Coinbase أيضًا عن دعمها لتحصيص (staking) Tezos، مما يعني أنه يمكن للمستخدمين الحصول على مكافآت بناءً على رموز XTZ التي يحتفظون بها. هذه ليست ميزة يتم مشاهدتها على نطاق واسع عبر الأصول الرقمية.

#### صفحات ذات صلة: 

[اقرأ التقرير التكنولوجية المفصلة على منصة Alexandria الخاصة بموقع CMC](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/tech-deep-dives)

[قاموس المصطلحات: ما هو التحصيص (staking)؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/staking)

[اكتشف العملات المشفرة التي تمت إضافتها مؤخرًا إلى CMC](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/new/)

[مدونة CoinMarketCap: أحدث الميزات والتحليلات](https://blog.coinmarketcap.com/)

### كم عدد عملات Tezos (XTZ) المُتداولة؟

تظهر بياناتنا أن 743,862,304 رمز XTZ قيد التداول في وقت الكتابة.

تم تأجيل بيع الرمز الخاص بشبكة Tezos في يوليو 2017 — وخلال هذا العرض الأولي للعملة (ICO)، تم جمع إجمالي 65,681 BTC و 361,122 ETH. في ذلك الوقت، كان هذا بقيمة 232 مليون دولار، مما يضمن مكانه كواحد من أكبر عروض العملات الأولية التي تم تقديمها على الإطلاق.

بينما ذهب 80% من هذا العرض الأولي إلى المستثمرين، تم تقسيم 20% بالتساوي بين مؤسسة Tezos و Dynamic Ledger Solutions.

تم تأخير إطلاق الشبكة الرئيسية بسبب سلسلة من الدعاوى القضائية من بعض المستثمرين الساخطين، الذين جادلوا بأن XTZ كانت بمثابة أوراق مالية غير مسجلة.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة Tezos؟

مثل سلاسل الكتل الأخرى، تستخدم Tezos آلية إجماع [إثبات الحصة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake).

يمكن لأي شخص أن يصبح مُدققًا ويساهم في التشغيل السلس للشبكة عن طريق إيداع مبلغ التأمين. لتحفيز السلوك الصادق، يتم منح المكافآت لأولئك الذين يعملون في مصلحة سلسلة الكتل — وأولئك الذين يتصرفون بطريقة غير نزيهة يخاطرون بفقدان حصتهم تمامًا.

### أين يُمكنك شراء Tezos (XTZ)؟

يمكن شراء XTZ، والمعروف باسم "tez" باختصار، من معظم منصات التداول الرئيسية — بما في ذلك Binance و Coinbase وغيرها. توحد أزواج التداول XTZ مع العملات الورقية، بالإضافة إلى العملات المشفرة الأخرى مثل Bitcoin. [إذا كنت تبحث عن تحويل العملات الورقية إلى Bitcoin، فيمكنك قراءة دليل شامل من هنا](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/).

-> Almost 300 works have been minted for this year's 

 announces upcoming support for Tezos 💪

 releases their next solo drop "Sentiment" by 

 shares the NFTs that will be going to the winners of the bakers' staking contest 🧑‍🍳

-> An anonymous collector acquires the whole Window Still Life 083 tryptic by 

 are heading to Singapore for Tezos Realm organized by 

 turns lines into mountains with their latest release "Mount St. A Line" on 

 celebrates a personal milestone by minting "THERE'S NO PLACE LIKE HOME" on Objkt and shares the story in a thread 🫂

 "silent laser time before the garden started shaking to the rhythm of a very special national holiday in no nation"

Art on Tezos Friday Recap 🔔

-> @tezvendsmachine announces a takeover by @neymrqz coming on August 22 👀

-> Almost 300 works have been minted for this year's #tezsummer event organized by @pneumaninesix 🌞

-> @verse_works announces upcoming support for Tezos 💪

-> @objktone releases their next solo drop "Sentiment" by @rodellwarner 🦜

-> The winners of the #share4tez campaign received a @OriginalGoldCat edition, congratulations @NFTBiker, @Kollector_token, @retro_manni, @YinYangYoeshi, @neymrqz, @kikanicolela, @an1eth, @BarbaraBezina 👏

-> @gengoya_club shares the NFTs that will be going to the winners of the bakers' staking contest 🧑‍🍳

-> An anonymous collector acquires the whole Window Still Life 083 tryptic by @jjjjjjjjjjohn 🕵️‍♂️

-> @objktcom and @tesserart_xyz are heading to Singapore for Tezos Realm organized by @TzApac during #Token2049 🌟

-> Congratulations to @stateless_eth who collected @lennyjpg's 'Downloads' for 3000 tez 🙌

Don't miss:

-> @CCDDBB turns lines into mountains with their latest release "Mount St. A Line" on @fx_hash_

-> @skyenicolas celebrates a personal milestone by minting "THERE'S NO PLACE LIKE HOME" on Objkt and shares the story in a thread 🫂

-> New collaboration by @boyinthemumble and @neymrqz "silent laser time before the garden started shaking to the rhythm of a very special national holiday in no nation"

Image: tez summer by @jjjjjjjjjjohn 

(1/2)
Last week’s recap below 👇
https://x.com/tezos/status/1821922168403316971

(2/2)

 just opened in Tokyo, featuring works by 

 announces a Tezos Art Threads contest ✍️ Shine the spotlight on a new or historic collection, series, or project and check out his post for how to enter 🔦

 launches Super Summer Tezos Event starting August 13 ☀️ Get your best sunny work ready! ☀️

's, Linkin Park cofounder, daily mints on 

-> The first issue of a new digital magazine "Publick Occurrences" by 

 wrote "Bandog: The Secret Weapon for Tezos Artists and Collectors" about a tool for creators and collectors by 

 campaign ends next week! Top referrers who reach 300 tez in volume or more will receive a wonderful piece by 

 announces the "Art Chains Open Call" with curators 

 at the Digital Art Mile, sold for 3827 tez

 will be curating and collecting physical or digital painters. 

 make sure you mint and share your art 🎨

 release of "I Know You Will Try Your Best" on 

Art on Tezos Friday Recap 🔔

-> @dialog_asia just opened in Tokyo, featuring works by @chgnhyk, @SKOHR, and @ayumu_naga, curated by @objktcom 🗼

-> @UnknownCo123 announces a Tezos Art Threads contest ✍️ Shine the spotlight on a new or historic collection, series, or project and check out his post for how to enter 🔦

-> @pneumaninesix launches Super Summer Tezos Event starting August 13 ☀️ Get your best sunny work ready! ☀️

-> Have you seen @mikeshinoda's, Linkin Park cofounder, daily mints on https://t.co/Do8DrD6p30?  🎶 Highlighted this week by @ryangtanaka from @TeiaCommunity

-> The first issue of a new digital magazine "Publick Occurrences" by @Publick1690 is live on Objkt. This issue features @AndrewDvdBaron, @katecursed, @speciesofvalue, and @NaimePakniyat 📖

-> @Crypt0nio wrote "Bandog: The Secret Weapon for Tezos Artists and Collectors" about a tool for creators and collectors by @JackTezos 🐕

-> The #Share4Tez campaign ends next week! Top referrers who reach 300 tez in volume or more will receive a wonderful piece by @OriginalGoldCat - keep sharing 🏃

-> @AmirMushich announces the "Art Chains Open Call" with curators @PapaBeardedNFTs, @Jeni_Pepen, and @spike_0124 🌟

-> "Composition #38" by @schwittlick_, exhibited by @objktone at the Digital Art Mile, sold for 3827 tez

-> Over the next few weeks @CorinaObertas will be curating and collecting physical or digital painters. #Tezospainters make sure you mint and share your art 🎨

Don't miss:

-> New to @fakewhale_xyz this week: @antnartist, @stephanvasement, @joncates, @Ferdoropeza, @xo_xu0, @IsolationistThe, @demonegoo, and @edagursss 🐳

-> Exclusive @XCOLLABZ drop by @adam_disbrow coming soon 👀

-> @unpetitsapin release of "I Know You Will Try Your Best" on @fx_hash_, a delicate generative work ⬅️

Image: Tempo de Amor by @manoloidee 

(1/2)
Last week’s recap below 👇
https://x.com/tezos/status/1819363473136234936

(2/2)

Crypto Staking Guide 2022

Crypto News, Feb. 11: Inflation Spike Boosts Bitcoin

Weekly Roundup: What Happened in Play2Earn Games and NFTs This Week? [Jan. 14, 2022]

Technical Analysis: Tezos (XTZ) Price Prediction

Podcast: Why Bitcoin Crashed... and Top Tips on NFTs

Binance

P2P.org

Tezos

Ledger

Trezor

Trust Wallet

Math Wallet

AirGap

Safepal

HyperPay

MetaMask

Binance Chain Wallet

Atomic wallet

The EOS Network is an open-source blockchain platform that prioritizes high performance, flexibility, security, and developer experience. As a third-generation blockchain platform powered by the EOS virtual machine, EOS has an extensible WebAssembly engine for deterministic execution of near fee-less transactions.

EOS is the market's most scalable, divisible, and programmable digital currency. EOS is a Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) network where stakeholders have the authority to select node operators. EOS is fully decentralized power doesn't reside in the hands of block miners, but rather all parties involved in the EOS Network.

The EOS Network is attractive because of its technology and community. It allows developers to build projects that other blockchains cannot support. The network is straightforward and has multiple tools and educational resources to help users acclimate to the blockchain.

Algorand is a self-sustaining, decentralized, blockchain-based network that supports a wide range of applications. These systems are secure, scalable and efficient, all critical properties for effective applications in the real world. Algorand will support computations that require reliable performance guarantees to create new forms of trust.

The Algorand mainnet became live in June 2019, and was able to handle almost 1 million transactions per day as of December 2020. Algorand transaction metrics can be viewed here. Algorand initial coin offering (ICO) was held in June 2019, with the Algorand price of $0.24 per token.

Algorand

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Stellar (XLM) is a peer-to-peer (P2P) decentralized network created in 2014 by The Stellar Development Foundation or Stellar.org. The network officially launched in 2015 with the purpose of connecting the world's financial systems and ensuring a protocol for payment providers and financial institutions. The platform is designed to move financial resources swiftly and reliably at minimal cost. Stellar links people, banks, payment processors and allows users to create, send and trade multiple types of crypto.

The basis of the network is its native digital currency - XLM or Lumens. XLM acts as an intermediate currency for operations and is also used to pay transaction fees. How it works: the protocol converts money in a few seconds, first into XLM, and then into the requested currency.

The Stellar payment protocol is based on distributed ledger technology -- an open-source development, community-owned and distributed by community. The crypto asset of the Stellar platform helps with cross-border transactions, overcoming the problems of high fees and slow procedures. XLM is more focused on assisting individuals transfer money than they are with institutions. Thus, Stellar offers access to financial systems, and people can send money at low cost and promptly around the world.

Moreover, Stellar serves as a decentralized exchange and marketplace, with a built-in order book that tracks ownership of Stellar assets. Platform users can manage buy/sell orders, as well as select and set their preferred assets in settlements. XLM is a built-in coin that helps reduce transaction fees.

The network maintains a high level of security.  XLM holders must have at least one token in order to remain active on the network. This nuance performs a global goal - the execution of network transactions efficiently and with minimal time costs. Plus, Lumens offers protection against flood attacks by making microtransactions too expensive for hackers with no chance of profit, which keeps Stellar Network safe from serious threats.

The target audience of Stellar is the inhabitants of developing countries, ordinary users who are provided access to the global economy through fast, simple and inexpensive transactions. Stellar Network makes extensive use of Lumens to produce live convection as well as to send cash in multiple currencies; currency is sent from one peer, and the recipient can receive the amount in another currency. This feature is beneficial when a transaction is made between currencies without widely traded pairs.

Support for multi-currency transactions is another competitive advantage of Stellar, and the ability for cross-currency transactions has only enhanced processes with foreign operations. Moreover, stable speed and low transaction costs are a privilege that users receive.

This functionality is powered by a development called Anchors (a bridge between different currencies and the network), which simplifies the exchange within the network and helps speed up the whole process.

In summary, the benefits of Stellar (XLM) include:

Stellar

Decentraland (MANA) defines itself as a virtual reality platform powered by the Ethereum blockchain that allows users to create, experience, and monetize content and applications.

In this virtual world, users purchase plots of land that they can later navigate, build upon and monetize.

Decentraland was launched following a $24 million initial coin offering (ICO) that was conducted in 2017. The virtual world launched its closed beta in 2019 and opened to the public in February 2020. Since then, users have created a wide range of experiences on their parcels of LAND, including interactive games, sprawling 3D scenes and a variety of other interactive experiences.

Decentraland uses two tokens: MANA and LAND. MANA is an ERC-20 token that must be burned to acquire non-fungible ERC-721 LAND tokens. MANA tokens can also be used to pay for a range of avatars, wearables, names, and more on the Decentraland marketplace.

Decentraland (MANA) is a decentralized virtual world platform with software based on the Ethereum blockchain, where users create, test and monetize content. In short: users buy virtual plots of land as NFTs with MANA tokens on the Decentraland platform. Progress in the game depends only on players themselves, their efforts and their imagination.

The digital platform is completely owned by its users. Within the Decentraland metaverse, participants can explore the virtual world, purchase plots of land that can be monetized, create works of art, own non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and take part in a decentralized autonomous organization of the platform Decentraland DAO. Due to the DAO, the community influences the development vector of the project.

In addition, users have access to interactive applications, in-world payments and peer-to-peer communication. The 3D world resonates with many participants as Decentraland has many applications, both entertainment for gamers and business for investors.

Two types of tokens called MANA and LAND govern operations in Decentraland. They also allow users to interact with the platform.

MANA is the official currency of Decentraland. It’s an ERC-20 standard token that powers the Decentraland platform. With MANA, users can purchase plots of LAND, as well as pay for in-game items and services.

MANA gives its holders the right to vote in Decentraland DAO. MANA can be purchased on a cryptocurrency exchange or by selling collectibles on Decentraland Marketplace. The owner of tokens converts them to wrapped MANA, or wMANA, and then commits them to the DAO. One wMANA equals one vote. MANA can be exchanged for fiat currency and other digital assets.

As for LAND, it’s a non-fungible token (NFT) based on Ethereum (ETH). It is used to track ownership of land parcels aka digital real estate. Like MANA, LAND is part of the protocol and confers voting rights, but LAND does not need to be fixed in the DAO. One LAND is equal to two thousand votes.

Players choose what to do with their land. Owners store tokens in crypto wallets and buy necessities with MANA tokens on the Decentraland Marketplace. Moreover, on the marketplace, participants can manage or exchange LAND tokens (priced in MANA). Holders use the marketplace to transact or transfer in-game items. All transactions are conducted, regulated and registered via the Ethereum blockchain.

Decentraland combines an online gaming space and blockchain technology. All control over the rules is given to the players, and token holders vote on in-game and organizational policies. The original goal was to form a decentralized virtual reality, but in practice, Decentraland has turned into a massive NFT market.

A special role in Decentraland is assigned to NFTs, such as collectibles, virtual equipment and real estate (LAND). However, for new players who want to join the universe and seize NFTs, the entry barrier will be high.

The Decentraland protocol is built on three levels using Ethereum smart contracts. On the consensus layer, the ownership of LAND is tracked and managed. The land content layer displays the content of the Decentraland virtual world. Finally, on the real-time layer, participants interact with each other.

The platform was co-founded by two blockchain experts, Ari Meilich and Esteban Ordano, in 2015. Officially it was launched a year later and became available only in February 2020, gradually turning from a 2D experiment into a full-fledged 3D world.

To sum up, Decentraland is a decentralized game and a 3D virtual reality platform where players own lands and create limitlessly. Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) software is at the core, and governance is in the hands of the community. Through the native token MANA, players participate in any proposals for managing and improving the ecosystem, the auction system, and the in-game policy.

Decentraland

Theta Network

Polkadot is an open-source sharded multichain protocol that connects and secures a network of specialized blockchains, facilitating cross-chain transfer of any data or asset types, not just tokens, thereby allowing blockchains to be interoperable with each other. Polkadot was designed to provide a foundation for a decentralized internet of blockchains, also known as Web3.

Polkadot is known as a layer-0 metaprotocol because it underlies and describes a format for a network of layer 1 blockchains known as parachains (parallel chains). As a metaprotocol, Polkadot is also capable of autonomously and forklessly updating its own codebase via on-chain governance according to the will of its token holder community.

Polkadot provides a foundation to support a decentralized web, controlled by its users, and to simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.

The Polkadot protocol can connect public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot Relay Chain (explained further down).

Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: staking for operations and security, facilitating network governance, and bonding tokens to  connect parachains .

Polkadot has four core components:

Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;

Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;

Parathreads: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;

Bridges: allow parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.

Polkadot

VeChainThor (VET) is a versatile enterprise-grade L1 smart contract platform whose origins began in 2015. VeChain is known as a pioneer of real-world enterprise applications, and built a distributed platform powered by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, NFC chips and blockchain to help various industries solve data-related challenges.

VeChain solves major blockchain adoption hurdles. The platform uses an intelligent two token model, VET and VTHO, separating the protocol's Store of Value and gas fee payment mechanisms, ensuring costs can be kept low and stable. Fee delegation allows smart contracts to pay gas fees on behalf of business users, and an advanced transaction model allows data to be packaged more efficiently while ensuring finality of data.

VeChain is focused on delivering a wave of incentive-based sustainability dApps through its new platform, VeBetterDAO, working closely with Boston Consulting Group to achieve adoption across enterprise and individual users, and helping  onboard the next billion users to Web3 over the coming decade.

From supply chains to sustainability, VeChain has continuously demonstrated its leading role as a driver of blockchain in business, and is dedicated to its role as a pioneer of driving real world adoption of blockchain technology.

VeChain

Chiliz is the leading digital currency for sports and entertainment by the eponymous Malta-based FinTech provider. It operates the blockchain-based sports entertainment platform Socios, which enables users to participate in the governance of their favorite sports brands. Multiple fan tokens by Socios.com are an example of that. For sports clubs and associations, fan tokens offer a way of connecting with their fans and unlocking new revenue streams.

For instance, fans can participate and influence club-related decisions through surveys and polls, such as messages the captain should wear on his armband. The company aims to bridge the gap between being an active and a passive fan. Chiliz has developed partnerships with some of the biggest sporting institutions in the world: FC Barcelona, Manchester City, Juventus Turin, and Paris Saint-Germain. It also boasts partnerships with the UFC and gaming organizations. By purchasing CHZ, fans get access to various fan tokens and literally have a stake in their club.

Chiliz

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

Aave

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

Basic Attention Token

Fantom is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) smart contract platform providing decentralized finance (DeFi) services to developers using its own bespoke consensus algorithm.

Together with its in-house token FTM, Fantom aims to solve problems associated with smart-contract platforms, specifically transaction speed, which developers say they have reduced to under two seconds.

The Fantom Foundation, which oversees the Fantom product offering, was originally created in 2018, with the launch of OPERA, Fantom’s mainnet, coming in December 2019.

Fantom is an open-source decentralized smart contract platform for DApps and digital assets that was created as an alternative to Ethereum. Fantom has the goal of overcoming the limitations of previous generation blockchains and balancing three components: scalability, security and decentralization. The project offers a set of tools to simplify the process of integrating existing DApps, as well as a detailed staking reward system and built-in DeFi instruments.

Fantom is a Layer-1 blockchain that uses a scratch-built consensus mechanism and independent consensus layer, Lachesis, to facilitate DeFi and related services on the basis of smart contracts. Lachesis provides security for other layers as well, including Opera, Fantom's EVM-compatible smart contract chain. The long-playing mission of the project is to “grant compatibility between all transaction bodies around the world.”

One of Fantom's key strengths is its performance and efficient transaction processing, namely thousands of transactions per second, where transactions are settled in 1-2 seconds, and the cost is fractions of a cent per transaction. As a result, Fantom provides higher scalability but at a lower cost.

The ecosystem is based on two main technologies: Lachesis protocol and Opera.

The Lachesis protocol is the core consensus layer that secures the Fantom network by providing both transaction speed and security.

Lachesis is an aBFT consensus engine that uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG) algorithm. How it works: network data can be processed at different times, and the network filters the participants, allowing only one third, which are allocated due to erroneous or malicious behavior, without compromising network processes.

Fantom's Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (aBFT) Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism maintains the efficiency of the entire network, its design provides security at maximum speed. Fantom developers emphasize that the PoS mechanism is a leaderless phenomenon — there are no leaders of blocks and participants, and anyone can join (or leave) the network of nodes at a convenient moment.

The key qualities of Lachesis are: asynchronous, leaderless, Byzantine fault-tolerant, and near-instant finality.

As for Opera, it's an application development layer or Fantom's mainnet deployment platform, permissionless and open-source hosting DApps. Thanks to EVM integration and support for the Solidity programming language, Fantom has a full set of smart contract capabilities, which allows users to seamlessly interact with Ethereum platforms while maintaining the advantage of Fantom's transaction efficiency.

The Fantom Foundation concluded that removing block leaders improves network security, so Opera uses a PoS model and leaderless validators (validators do not determine which blocks are valid).

In addition to being a fast, secure and cheap payment platform that enables to make fast and secure payments at minimal cost, Fantom also features on-chain governance where users vote with FTM tokens (one token equals one vote). Of the features: users have the right to express the degree of agreement / disagreement on a scale from 0 to 4.

FTM is the native utility in-house PoS token of Fantom that powers the ecosystem and is applied for payments, network fees, staking, and governance. FTM forms the backbone of transactions, and allows fee collection and staking activities, along with the user rewards the latter represents.

Fantom

Uniswap is a popular decentralized trading protocol, known for its role in facilitating automated trading of decentralized finance (DeFi) tokens.

An example of an automated market maker (AMM), Uniswap launched in November 2018, but has gained considerable popularity this year thanks to the DeFi phenomenon and associated surge in token trading.

Uniswap aims to keep token trading automated and completely open to anyone who holds tokens, while improving the efficiency of trading versus that on traditional exchanges.

Uniswap creates more efficiency by solving liquidity issues with automated solutions, avoiding the problems which plagued the first decentralized exchanges.

In September 2020, Uniswap went a step further by creating and awarding its own governance token, UNI, to past users of the protocol. This added both profitability potential and the ability for users to shape its future — an attractive aspect of decentralized entities.

Uniswap

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

Chainlink

IOTA is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that features unique architecture and an open-source product suite for individuals, businesses, and institutions to use in Web3. It is built on a directed acyclic graph (DAG) called the Tangle, which can be pictured as a multi-dimensional blockchain. It enables the exchange of data and value on a decentralized platform through direct and secure transfers, executed on and immutably recorded on the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive into IOTA.

Together with its staging network Shimmer, IOTA aims to offer solutions to establish a secure and permissionless infrastructure that can drive the economy of the future. It enables the development of decentralized applications through automated trust in the form of Ethereum-compatible smart contracts, an advanced consensus algorithm, and thoughtfully balanced incentives.

IOTA delivers tools for creating and managing custom Layer 2 (EVM) chains, deploying smart contracts, minting native tokens and NFTs with distinctive features, and introducing digital identities to users.

Launching in 2024, IOTA 2.0 will be a protocol upgrade that rebuilds IOTA’s architecture to deliver full decentralization. You can find more about it here.

IOTA

Litecoin (LTC) is a cryptocurrency that was designed to provide fast, secure and low-cost payments by leveraging the unique properties of blockchain technology.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Litecoin.

The cryptocurrency was created based on the Bitcoin (BTC) protocol, but it differs in terms of the hashing algorithm used, hard cap, block transaction times and a few other factors. Litecoin has a block time of just 2.5 minutes and extremely low transaction fees, making it suitable for micro-transactions and point-of-sale payments.

Litecoin was released via an open-source client on GitHub on Oct. 7, 2011, and the Litecoin Network went live five days later on Oct. 13, 2011. Since then, it has exploded in both usage and acceptance among merchants and has counted among the top ten cryptocurrencies by market capitalization for most of its existence.

The cryptocurrency was created by Charlie Lee, a former Google employee, who intended Litecoin to be a "lite version of Bitcoin," in that it features many of the same properties as Bitcoin—albeit lighter in weight.

Litecoin

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.