Week in DeFi: Frax Leads LSD Race, MetaMask Hops on the Bandwagon

What to Do With Your ETH After the Merge: a Deep Dive Into Staking

## ما هو مجمع Rocket Pool (RPL)؟

إنّ [Rocket Pool](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/rocket-pool/) عبارة عن مجمع [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/ethereum/) لامركزي للتحصيص، يقدم ما يصل إلى 4.33% (APR) [لتحصيص](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/staking) ETH2. يمكن للمستخدمين الانضمام إلى مُجمع Rocket Pool بشبكة مشغل العقدة اللامركزية أو تشغيل العقد الخاصة بهم باستخدام 16 ETH فقط. في تلك الحالة، يمكنهم كسب عمولة من خلال تحصيص ETH وكسب مكافآت RPL إضافية من خلال توفير ضمانات RPL، تصل إلى 6.36% (APR) لـ ETH ومكافآت RPL الإضافية.

يُوفر مُجمع Rocket Pool ميزة تحصيص السيولة (liquid staking)، مما يعني أن المستخدمين يستفيدون من زيادة سعر الصرف بدلاً من إعادة تعيين ضماناتهم المرهونة، وهو فعل خاضع للضريبة. إضافة إلى ذلك، يُوفر مُجمع Rocket Pool عُقدًا ذكية: برنامج عُقد مخصص يسمح لأي شخص بتشغيل عقدة على شبكته. مع الخسائر الناتجة عن العقد السيئة التي تم إنشائها عبر الشبكة، يُقلل المستخدمون من مخاطر مواجهة العقوبات. يتم دعم ذلك من خلال العقود الذكية مفتوحة المصدر والمدققة الخاصة بالمُجمع، والتي تضمن الرهان الكامل [غير الحافظ](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/non-custodial) ودرجة قصوى من اللامركزية.

### من هم مُؤسسو مُجمع Rocket Pool؟

أطلق ديفيد روجينديك Rocket Pool، وهو أحد كبار المطورين مع خلفية دراسية في علوم الكمبيوتر. بدأ روجينديك في تصميم Rocket Pool في أواخر عام 2016. تلقى روجينديك الدعم من المدير العام دارين لانجلي، وهو مسؤول تنفيذي يتمتع بأكثر من 18 عامًا من الخبرة التجارية في إدارة وتوجيه فرق التطوير، وتصميم بنية التطبيقات، فضلاً عن تقديم منتجات رقمية مُدهشة للخدمات الحكومية والمالية. ويكتمل الفريق بثلاثة مهندسين سلاسل كتل ولغة البرمجة سوليديتي (solidity)، يتمتعون بخبرة مجتمعة 40 عامًا.

### ما الذي يُميز مُجمع Rocket Pool؟

تقدم Rocket Pool بشكل أساسي الفرصة لأي شخص للمشاركة في تحصيص ETH2، بغض النظر عن استثمار رأس المال أو مستوى التطور التكنولوجي. تتمثل الفكرة الأساسية الخاصة بالمُجمع في تمكين تحصيص ETH الذي لا يحتاج إلى ثقة في شبكة من العقد المستقلة اللامركزية التي تدعمها ضمانات RPL.

يعتبر مُجمع Rocket Pool نفسه مكمل لمُوفري التحصيص كخدمة. يمكن لهؤلاء الموفرين اختيار تحقيق الحد الأقصى من العوائد من خلال الانضمام إلى مُجمع Rocket Pool وتشغيل عقدة، حيث يتلقون مكافآت على شكل ETH و RPL مقابل ذلك. بهذه الطريقة، يمكن حتى لمنصات كبيرة في المجال مثل Gemini استخدام مُجمع Rocket Pool عن طريق إنشاء عقد تقوم كل واحدة منهم بتحصيص 16 ETH. وهنا يأتي دور الإيثريوم المُغلف المُحصص (rETH) في مُجمع Rocket Pool.

إنّ الإيثريوم المُغلف (rETH) نسخة رمزية من ETH المُحصص في مُجمع Rocket Pool، والذي يسمح للمُحصيصين بالاشتراك من 0.01 ETH حتى 32 ETH. من خلال تجميع إيثر الخاص بهم، يتلقى المستخدمون الإيثريوم المُغلف (rETH) في المقابل، والذي يُوفر تلقائيًا مكافآت التحصيص بناءً على أداء الشبكة الكاملة لمشغلي العقد. تتم حماية قيمة الإيثريوم المُغلف (rETH) من الانقطاع من خلال آليات التأمين، حيث يقوم مشغلو العقد بتثبيت RPL على العقد كضمان لأي عقوبات يتكبدونها.

تتمثل الطريقة الثانية للتفاعل مع مُجمع Rocket Pool في تحصيص العُقد (Node Staking). يمكن للمستخدمين إيداع 16 ETH ويتم تعيين 16 ETH إضافية من المستخدمين الذين يقومون بإيداع ETH وتلقي الإيثريوم المُغلف (rETH). وبشكلٍ أساسي، فأنت تمتلك 16 ETH و 16 ETH أخرى نيابة عن البروتوكول. يقوم مُجمع Rocket Pool تلقائيًا بضبط معدل العمولة الخاص به بناءً على العرض والطلب لمشغلي العقد و ETH المتاح. من خلال هذا النموذج، تتم مكافأة مُشغلي العقد على توفير التأمين للمُحصصين في حالة معاقبتهم أو قطعهم. إضافة إلى ذلك، يجب على مُشغلي العقد إيداع حد أدنى من RPL كضمان.

#### صفحات ذات صلة:

ألقِ نظرة على [Terra (LUNA)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/terra-luna/) — سلسلة كتل شهيرة ذات طبقة واحدة.

ألقِ نظرة على [Chainlink (LINK)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/chainlink/) — أوراكل لسلاسل الكتل.

اقرأ [مُقدمتنا عن Bitcoin](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/an-intro-to-bitcoin).

تابع أحدث أخبار العملات المشفرة وتحليلات التداول على [مدونة CoinMarketCap](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/blog).

### كم عدد عملات Rocket Pool (RPL) المُتداولة؟

يتبع رمز RPL نهجًا مختلفًا عن معظم رموز التمويل اللامركزي ([DeFi](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/defi)) ذات العرض الثابت وقدم تضخمًا سنويًا بنسبة 5%. يزعم البروتوكول بأنّ أي بروتوكول مُولد للقيمة سيحتاج إلى مكافأة المشاركين فيه. قد ينتج عن نموذج العرض الثابت إنشاء هذه القيمة على حساب مستخدميها.

سيتم إصدار رموز RPL التي تم إصدارها حديثًا على النحو التالي:

* يُحصص مُشغلو العُقد رمز RPL كضمان تأميني (70%)
* يقدم أعضاء أوراكل المنظمة المستقلة اللامركزية (DAO) بيانات أوراكل متنوعة (15%)
* خزينة بروتوكول المنظمة المستقلة اللامركزية (DAO) لتمويل التنمية اللامركزية (15%)

تم تصميم هذا النموذج لتحفيز الجهات المعنية الرئيسية في البروتوكول وتمويل المزيد من التنمية اللامركزية. يتكون أعضاء أوراكل المنظمة المستقلة اللامركزية (DAO) من مشغلي العقد، مما يضمن الإبلاغ عن بيانات [الأوراكل](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/oracles) بشكل صحيح إلى البروتوكول، بينما يحكم بروتوكول المنظمة المستقلة اللامركزية (DAO) خزينة البروتوكول. في وقت الكتابة، كان المعروض من رمز RPL يزيد قليلاً عن 10 ملايين.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة مُجمع Rocket Pool؟

إنّ رمز RPL هو رمز [ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20) على شبكة Ethereum. تم تدقيق مُجمع Rocket Pool بنجاح من قبل ثلاث شركات منفصلة: Sigma Prime و Consensys Diligence و Trail of Bits. كما أنه يُدير برنامج مكافأة الأخطاء لتحفيز الحفاظ على بروتوكوله آمنًا.

إضافة إلى ذلك، تنقسم [حوكمة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/governance) مُجمع Rocket Pool بين بروتوكول المنظمة المستقلة اللامركزية (DAO) وأوراكل المنظمة المستقلة اللامركزية. يعتبر بروتوكول المنظمة المستقلة اللامركزية (DAO) مسؤولاً عن إعدادات مثل تضخم رمز RPL والمكافآت والمزادات ومتطلبات التحصيص والعمولات للعُقد والودائع. بينما يعمل أوراكل المنظمة المستقلة اللامركزية (Oracle DAO) على ربط [العقود الذكية](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) بين سلسلة Beacon وسلسلة ETH1 الرئيسية. إنّ أعضاء أوراكل المنظمة المستقلة اللامركزية (Oracle DAO) هم العديد من عملاء تحصيص ETH2 الكبار مثل Lighthouse و Nimbus و Prysm و ConsenSys Codefi و Blockchain Capital و Bankless وغيرها.

### أين يُمكنك شراء Rocket Pool (RPL)؟

يتوفر رمز RPL على منصات التداول التالية: [UniSwap (V3)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/uniswap-v3/) و[Hoo](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/hoo/) و[BKEX](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/bkex/) و[XT.COM](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/xt/) و[Hotbit](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/hotbit/) و[Bvnex](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/bvnex/). إذا كنت ترغب في معرفة المزيد عن كيفية البدء بشراء العملات المشفرة، فيمكنك [قراءة المزيد في دليلنا من هنا](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/).

Rocket Pool

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Welcome to Rocket Pool's Community channel aggregated by CoinMarketCap.

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Uniswap

Galxe

0x Protocol

Livepeer

Basic Attention Token

Illuvium

DeXe

ether.fi

SPACE ID

Arkham

aelf

Spot

Green Bitcoin

Wibx

lmeow

CateCoin

The Frax Protocol is the first fractional-algorithmic stablecoin system. Frax is open-source, permissionless, and entirely on-chain – currently implemented on Ethereum (with possible cross chain implementations in the future). The end goal of the Frax protocol is to provide a highly scalable, decentralized, algorithmic money in place of fixed-supply digital assets like BTC. The protocol incorporates the following concepts:

Fractional-Algorithmic – Frax is a unique stablecoin with parts of its supply backed by collateral and parts of the supply algorithmic. The ratio of collateralized and algorithmic depends on the market's pricing of the FRAX stablecoin. If FRAX is trading at above $1, the protocol decreases the collateral ratio. If FRAX is trading at under $1, the protocol increases the collateral ratio.

Decentralized & Governance-minimized – Community governed and emphasizing a highly autonomous, algorithmic approach with no active management.

Fully on-chain oracles – Frax v1 uses Uniswap (ETH, USDT, USDC time-weighted average prices) and Chainlink (USD price) oracles.

Two Tokens – FRAX is the stablecoin targeting a tight band around $1/coin. Frax Shares (FXS) is the governance token which accrues fees, seigniorage revenue, and excess collateral value.

Before Frax, stablecoins were divided into three different categories: fiat collateralized, overcollateralized with cryptocurrency, and algorithmic with no collateral. Frax is the first kind of decentralized stablecoin to classify itself as fractional-algorithmic ushering in the 4th and most unique category.

Frax Share

Lido DAO is a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) which provides staking infrastructure for multiple blockchain networks.

Most notably, the platform provides a liquid staking solution for Ethereum, allowing users to stake their ETH and receive stETH (Lido staked ETH) tokens in exchange, which represent the user's staked ETH and staking rewards.

Lido DAO is secured by a mix of decentralized governance, audited code and smart contracts. The Lido protocol runs on Ethereum with help from smart contracts that process user deposits and distribute staking rewards, among other functions. Several third-party security firms have audited Lido’s smart contracts in order to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.

The platform’s native token is LDO - which also serves as the governance token for Lido DAO. Holders can participate in governance proposals and vote on key decisions such as board adjustments, new integrations and platform updates. LDO holders have the right to determine the development and operation of the platform.

Lido currently supports staking for Ethereum and Polygon only with the recent sunsetting of Solana.

Lido DAO

GMX is a decentralized exchange (DEX) for trading perpetual cryptocurrency futures with up to 50X leverage on popular cryptocurrencies like BTC, ETH and more. The platform launched in September 2021 as Gambit Exchange. To date, GMX has a total trading volume of over $130B and 283K total users, making it the leading derivatives DEX on Arbitrum and Avalanche.

GMX runs on the Arbitrum and the Avalanche blockchain. These ecosystems are connected to the exchange via Synapse — a cross-chain bridge.

Gnosis (GNO) builds decentralized infrastructure on Ethereum. Its mission has always been centered on experimentation and building decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem. When Gnosis was founded in 2015, it focused on building prediction markets to enable worldwide access to accurate information. While creating the prediction market platform, it became clear that Gnosis needed to build the infrastructure required to support it. Gnosis Safe, for example, was born of necessity.

Gnosis operates as a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) which provides infrastructure for various types of decentralized applications (dApps), and builds products to transparently guide decisions on the development, support and governance of its ecosystem.

In November 2021, both the xDAI and GnosisDAO community voted to combine their vibrant ecosystems to create the Gnosis Chain: An Ethereum forerunner-companion that addresses scaling issues through solid engineering.

Gnosis

ssv.network

Convex Finance is a DeFi protocol that allows Curve liquidity providersto earn a share of trading fees on Curve without staking liquidity there. Instead, LPs can stake with Convex and receive boosted CRV and liquidity mining rewards. This provides CRV stakers with better capital efficiency and positions Convex Finance as an important player in the Curve wars.

Convex has entered a competitive race to obtain as much control as possible of the Curve Finance stablecoin exchange. The more CRV tokens a protocol has, the more influence it has over interest rates on Curve, which is the largest DEX in the world by TVL. Consequently, the “Curve wars” are an ongoing race for influence over what is probably the most important protocol in DeFi.

Convex Finance

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Maker (MKR) is the governance token of the MakerDAO and Maker Protocol — respectively a decentralized organization and a software platform, both based on the Ethereum blockchain — that allows users to issue and manage the DAI stablecoin.

Initially conceived in 2015 and fully launched in December 2017, Maker is a project whose task is to operate DAI, a community-managed decentralized cryptocurrency with a stable value soft-pegged to the US dollar.

MKR tokens act as a kind of voting share for the organization that manages DAI; while they do not pay dividends to their holders, they do give the holders voting rights over the development of Maker Protocol and are expected to appreciate in value in accordance with the success of DAI itself.

The Maker ecosystem is one of the earliest projects on the decentralized finance (DeFi) scene: the industry that seeks to build decentralized financial products on top of smart-contract-enabled blockchains, such as Ethereum.

Maker

Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.

Launched in January 2020, Curve is now synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) phenomenon, and has seen significant growth in the second half of 2020.

In August, Curve launched a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), with CRV as its in-house token. The DAO uses Ethereum-based creation tool Aragon to connect multiple smart contracts used for users’ deposited liquidity. Issues such as governance, however, differ from Aragon in their weighting and other respects.

Curve DAO Token

Launched in 2017, Livepeer is the first live video streaming network protocol that is fully decentralized. The platform aims to become a viable blockchain-based, economically efficient alternative to centralized broadcasting solutions for all new and existing broadcaster companies.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Livepeer.

As stated in the official Livepeer whitepaper, the live video streaming and broadcasting industry is growing at a rapid pace, and the company is looking to ride this wave and introduce decentralization to the environment. Livepeer aims to streamline the broadcasting process by allowing producers to submit their work on the platform, taking care of reformatting and distributing the content to users and streaming platforms.

Ethereum-based DYDX ($ethDYDX) is a governance token that allows the dYdX community to truly govern the dYdX Layer 2 Protocol built on Ethereum ("dYdX v3"). ethDYDX is currently undergoing a migration from Ethereum to the dYdX Chain. More information is available here. If you want to migrate ethDYDX to dYdX Chain DYDX, to enable staking, security and governance of the dYdX Chain you can follow the how-to-bridge guide here.

If you want to read about the new token utility for dYdX Chain DYDX you can read the blog here

ethDYDX (dYdX) is the governance token for the layer 2 protocol built on Ethereum. By enabling shared control of dYdX v3, ethDYDX allows traders, liquidity providers, and partners of dYdX to work collectively towards an enhanced dYdX v3.

Built on StarkWare’s StarkEx scalability engine, layer 2 is used for trading of cross-margined perpetuals on the platform. The scaling solution allows dYdX to increase transaction speed, eliminate gas costs, reduce trading fees and lower​​ minimum trade sizes on the protocol.

A total of 1,000,000,000 ethDYDX have been minted, and started to become accessible over five (5) years, on August 3rd, 2021, at 15:00:00 UTC.

dYdX (ethDYDX)

Mask Network is a protocol that allows its users to send encrypted messages over Twitter and Facebook. It essentially acts as a bridge between the internet and a decentralized network running on top.

Mask Network was initially launched in July 2019, with its first use case of allowing Facebook and Twitter users to encrypt posts on the social media platforms. It then raised $2 million in a funding round in November 2020, co-led by HashKey and Hash Global, and a further $3 million funding round in February 2021 with participation from Digital Currency Group and Fundamental Labs.

Now, Mask Network offers the ability to fund Gitcoin grant campaigns directly from Twitter, as well as plans to offer peer-to-peer payments and decentralized storage functionality. It is a decentralized portal that also allows users to use DApps like crypto payments, decentralized finance, decentralized storage, e-commerce (digital goods/NFTs) and decentralized organizations (DAO) over the top of existing social networks without migrating, creating what is referred to as a decentralized Applet (DApplet) ecosystem.

Mask Network

Ethereum Name Service (ENS) is a distributed, open, and extensible naming system based on the Ethereum blockchain. ENS converts human-readable Ethereum addresses like john.eth into the machine-readable alphanumeric codes you know from wallets like Metamask. The reverse conversion -- associating metadata and machine-readable addresses with human-readable Ethereum addresses -- is also possible.

The goal of Ethereum Name Service is to make the Ethereum-based web easier to access and comprehend for humans - similar to how the Internet’s Domain Name Service makes the internet more accessible. Like DNS, ENS also uses a system of dot-separated hierarchical names called domains with domain owners fully controlling their subdomains.

ENS launched with a highly successful retroactive airdrop in November 2021 that rewarded users who had registered addresses before the project launched its token. However, in February 2022, it faced criticism over apparently homophobic tweets by its director of operations.

Ethereum Name Service

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

MAGIC is the utility token that connects gaming communities in the Treasure Metaverse: a decentralized NFT ecosystem which sits on Arbitrum, one of Ethereum’s Layer 2 scaling solutions.

MAGIC is a cross-game currency that connects games, players, metaverses, and communities, all within Web 3.0. The token was launched in September 2021 so its community could buy and sell in-game NFTs on Treasure. It also acts as a reserve currency for Treasure’s metaverse.

Players can earn MAGIC tokens by gaming, mining, and participating in Bridgeworld, Treasure’s flagship game. Treasure now hosts twelve other games on its platform, some of which allow you to use and generate MAGIC tokens like in Bridgeworld. These include Beacon, a free-to-play fantasy action rogue-lite RPG; and Realm, a world-building and exploration game.

Treasure

Stacks is a Bitcoin Layer for smart contracts; it enables smart contracts and decentralized applications to use Bitcoin as an asset and settle transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Bitcoin is the largest, most valuable, and most durable decentralized asset. The Stacks layer unlocks $500B in BTC capital using the Bitcoin L1 as settlement for decentralized applications.

Stacks has knowledge of the full Bitcoin state, thanks to its Proof of Transfer consensus and Clarity language, enabling it to read from Bitcoin at any time.

All transactions on the Stacks layer are automatically hashed and settled on the Bitcoin L1. Stacks blocks are secured by 100% Bitcoin hashpower. In order to re-order Stacks blocks/transactions, an attacker would have to reorg Bitcoin.

Stacks

Conflux (CFX) is a public layer-1 blockchain that was made to power decentralized applications (dApps), e-commerce, and Web 3.0 infrastructure by being more scalable, decentralized, and secure than existing protocols.

Conflux makes it easier to transfer valuable assets by making the process quick, effective, free of network congestion, and with low transaction costs. The platform is based on the Tree-Graph consensus mechanism, and it combines Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) algorithms to achieve consensus. The protocol uses Turing-complete smart contracts written in Solidity, just like those on  Ethereum, and is compatible with the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine).

Conflux's growth is fueled by CFX, the platform's native token, which gives users financial incentives to participate and engage more. The token is used to pay transaction fees, govern the network, and is given as compensation to miners who help secure the network via staking.

Conflux

Arweave is a decentralized storage network that seeks to offer a platform for the indefinite storage of data. Describing itself as "a collectively owned hard drive that never forgets," the network primarily hosts "the permaweb" — a permanent, decentralized web with a number of community-driven applications and platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Arweave.

The Arweave network uses a native cryptocurrency, AR, to pay "miners" to indefinitely store the network's information.

The project was first announced as Archain in August 2017, later rebranding to Arweave in February 2018 and officially launching in June 2018.