## ما هي رين (REN)؟

رين Ren (REN) هو بروتوكول مفتوح المصدر، مصمم لتوفير قابلية التشغيل البيني [والسيولة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/liquidity) بين منصات [سلاسل الكتل](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) المختلفة.

أطلقت "رين"، المعروفة سابقا باسم Republic Protocol، آلة رين الافتراضية، في مايو 2020، بعد أن أجرت طرحاً أوليا للعملة ([ICO](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-coin-offering-ico)) جمعت خلاله ما قيمته 34 مليون دولار في عام 2018.

يعمل الرمز المشفّر الأصلي للبروتوكول، REN، كصلة وصل بين أولئك الذين يقومون بتشغيل العقد التي تعمل على تشغيل آلة رين الافتراضية، والمعروفة باسم Darknodes.

تهدف رين إلى توسيع قابلية التشغيل البيني وتحسين إمكانية الوصول للتمويل اللامركزي ([DeFi](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-decentralized-finance)) عن طريق إزالة العقبات التي تنطوي عليها السيولة بين سلاسل الكتل.

### من هم مُؤسسو رين؟

تأسست رين من قبل تاييانغ تشانغ، الرئيس التنفيذي لها، في عام 2017. وتم الإعلان عن رين لأول مرة في يناير 2018، حيث شرح تشانغ حالة استخدامه الأولية على أنها "مجمّع سيولة مظلم لامركزي".

يتمتع تشانغ نفسه بخبرة في مجال العملات المشفرة، حيث شارك أيضا في تأسيس صندوق تحوط التشفير Virgil Capital.

وقبل ذلك، شارك تشانغ في تأسيس شركة Neucode، وهي شركة ناشئة لتطوير البرمجيات والويب، في عام 2014. فيما يعمل جاز جولاتي، المؤسس المشارك الآخر لشركة Neucode، الآن كمطور برامج لصالح "رين".

### ما الذي يميّز رين؟

"رين" عبارة عن منصة معقدة ذات حالات استخدام متعددة، ولكنها مصممة في النهاية للتغلب على العقبات التي تحول دون الدخول والاستثمار في مشاريع التمويل اللامركزي.

فهي تسمح لمشاريع التمويل اللامركزي بجلب العملات المشفرة من سلاسل أخرى مثل [بيتكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin/) (BTC)، و[زي كاش](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/zcash/) (ZEC) إلى سوقها. وعلى نطاق أوسع، يمكن للمستخدمين تبادل أي رمز مشفّر بين أي سلاسل الكتل دون خطوات إضافية مثل استخدام ما يسمى بالإصدارات "المغلفة" من الرموز المشفّرة، على سبيل المثال بيتكوين المغلّف ([WBTC](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/wrapped-bitcoin/)) وإيثريوم المغلّف ([WETH](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/weth/)).

و آلة رين الافتراضية (RenVM) عبارة عن شبكة من أجهزة الكمبيوتر التي تشكل جهازا افتراضيا. تسمى الكمبيوترات التي تعمل على تشغيل الشبكة بالعقد المظلمة (Darknodes) وهي ما تشكّل بمجموعها آلة رين الافتراضية (RenVM).

تفرض "رين" رسوما مختلفة على العمليات الداخلية، لكن معظمها لا يذهب نحو الربحية المباشرة، بل تدفع إلى المعدّنين. وكرمز مشفّر قائم على معيار ([ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20))، تستتبع (REN) أيضا رسوم غاز مختلفة على المعاملات.

#### صفحات ذات صلة:

اكتشف المزيد حول تشينلينك (Chainlink) [هنا](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/chainlink/).

اكتشف المزيد حول كوزموس (Cosmos) [هنا](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/cosmos/).

هل أنت جديد في عالم العملات المُشفرة؟ اعثر على جميع الإجابات التي تبحث عنها مع [Alexandria](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/crypto-basics)، مورد التعليم المخصص من CoinMarketCap.

ألق نظرة على [الشرح التفصيلي لآلة رين الافتراضية (RenVM)](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/bringing-bitcoin-to-defi-a-complete-beginners-deep-dive-into-renvm) في Alexandria.

### كم عدد عملات رين (REN) الموجودة في التداول؟

تخضع (REN) لسقف معروض ثابت يبلغ مليار (1,000,000,000) رمز مشفّر. أجرت رين عملية بيع مسبق وبيع عام في 2018، حيث تم بيع ما مجموعه 60.2% من المعروض الإجمالي للمستثمرين.

وتمتلك رين صندوق احتياطي تم إنشاؤه من البداية وتخصيص نسبة 19.9% من إجمالي العرض له، في حين تم تخصيص 9.9% أخرى للمستشارين والفريق ومؤسسي المشروع. ويتم توزيع الرموز المشفّرة المخصصة للفريق على فترات قفل تمتد لعامين، مع قفل لمدة ستة أشهر لمخصصات المستشارين.

وهناك 10% أخرى من المعروض الإجمالي خصصت لأنشطة مثل الشراكات والتنمية.

REN هو رمز مشفّر قائم على معيار ERC-20.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة رين؟

بحلول أكتوبر 2020، كان مصدر القلق الرئيسي بشأن أمن رين هو سيطرة الفريق على أموال المستخدمين. وتهدف رين إلى توسيع نطاق اللامركزية تدريجيا، ولكن وفقا لفريقها، ستكون الشبكة في البداية أقل لامركزية، خاصة عندما يتعلق الأمر بتخزين الأموال.

وفي أغسطس 2020، أثار محللو الأمن مخاوف بشأن أموال مستخدمي رين الموجودة في محفظة واحدة بقيمة 100 مليون دولار.

ليردّ كبير مسؤولي التكنولوجيا في رين بالقول إنه "خلال هذه الأيام الأولى، يتم تشغيل العقد من قبل فريقنا. من الناحية النظرية، يمكننا التصرف بشكل ضار. ولكن مع توسعنا وضمّ المزيد من الأعضاء، والبدء في استبدال هذه العقد، لن يعود بمقدورنا القيام بشيء كهذا".

### أين يمكنك شراء رين (REN)؟

REN هو رمز مشفّر قابل للتداول بحرية وله وجود في العديد من البورصات الرئيسية. من بينها، [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/binance/) و[Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/huobi-global/) اللتان تستضيفان أكبر حجم تداول للرمز المشفّر حسب بيانات أكتوبر 2020. وتشمل أزواج التداول الخاصة به عملات مشفرة، وعملات ورقية، وعملات مستقرة.

هل أنت مُبتدئ في عالم العملات المشفرة؟ اقرأ [دليلنا المُبسط](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) لشراء Bitcoin والعملات المشفرة الأخرى.

Bridges of Ethereum County: Flipside Crypto

Binance

Ledger

Coinbase

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Atomic wallet

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Pepe

RAMP

Ethernity Chain

Onyxcoin

Beta Finance

Boson Protocol

smARTOFGIVING

LTO Network

LooksRare

CoinEx Token

Cobak Token

Privapp Network

Electronic USD

Tipcoin

Frog

THE BALKAN DWARF

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

Bancor is an ecosystem of decentralized, open-source protocols that promote on-chain trading and liquidity.

Its main protocol, Carbon, is a decentralized trading protocol allowing users to perform automated trading strategies using custom on-chain limit orders and range orders, with the option of combining orders together to create automated buy low, sell high strategies.

By design, Carbon orders are irreversible on execution, easily adjustable directly on-chain, and resistant to MEV sandwich attacks. These capabilities give users an unprecedented level of control and automation to perform novel trading strategies on-chain.

Fast Lane, a separate open-source arbitrage protocol, allows any user to perform arbitrage between Bancor ecosystem protocols and external on-chain exchanges and redirect arbitrage profits back to the Bancor ecosystem.

All Bancor ecosystem protocols are governed by the BancorDAO via staked BNT.

Bancor

LRC is the Ethereum-based cryptocurrency token of Loopring, an open protocol designed for the building of decentralized crypto exchanges.

In 2020, the average daily trading volume of the entire cryptocurrency market fluctuated in the approximate range of $50-$200 million. Most of that trading is conducted on centralized cryptocurrency exchanges — online platforms operated by private companies that store users’ funds and facilitate the matching of buy and sell orders.

Such platforms have a number of downsides common to all of them, so a new type of exchange — decentralized— has emerged to try to alleviate these disadvantages. However, fully decentralized exchanges are not without their own flaws.

Loopring’s purported goal is to combine centralized order matching with decentralized on-blockchain order settlement into a hybridized product that will take the best aspects of both centralized and decentralized exchanges.

LRC tokens became available to the public during an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2017, while the Loopring protocol was first deployed on Ethereum mainnet in December 2019.

Loopring

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

Basic Attention Token

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Balancer is an automated market maker (AMM) that was developed on the Ethereum blockchain and launched in March 2020. It was able to raise a $3M seed round by Placeholder and Accomplice. Balancer protocol functions as a self-balancing weighted portfolio, price sensor and liquidity provider. It allows users to earn profits through its recently introduced token ($BAL) by contributing to customizable liquidity pools.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Balancer(https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-balancer.

The protocol operates a few types of pools:

Private pools give the owner governance over the pool, and make the person the sole contributor of liquidity to the pool. Also, all the parameters are mutable by the owner.

Shared pools are for those who want to become liquidity providers (LPs). The LPs are rewarded with the Balancer Pool Tokens (BPTs).

Smart pools are similar to private pools but are controlled by a smart contract. They also reward using BPTs and allow anyone to contribute liquidity to the pool.

Balancer

SushiSwap (SUSHI) is an example of an automated market maker (AMM). An increasingly popular tool among cryptocurrency users, AMMs are decentralized exchanges which use smart contracts to create markets for any given pair of tokens.

SushiSwap launched in September 2020 as a fork of Uniswap, the AMM which has become synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) movement and associated trading boom in DeFi tokens.

SushiSwap aims to diversify the AMM market and also add additional features not previously present on Uniswap, such as increased rewards for network participants via its in-house token, SUSHI.

SushiSwap

Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.

Launched in January 2020, Curve is now synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) phenomenon, and has seen significant growth in the second half of 2020.

In August, Curve launched a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), with CRV as its in-house token. The DAO uses Ethereum-based creation tool Aragon to connect multiple smart contracts used for users’ deposited liquidity. Issues such as governance, however, differ from Aragon in their weighting and other respects.

Curve DAO Token

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

Harmony is a blockchain platform designed to facilitate the creation and use of decentralized applications (DApps). The network aims to innovate the way decentralized applications work by focusing on random state sharding, which allows creating blocks in seconds.

According to the project’s website, Harmony is expected to introduce cross-shard contracts and a cross-chain infrastructure by the end of 2021.

Harmony

Audius is a decentralized music streaming protocol initially built on POA network, but now living on Solana. Audius was launched to remedy the inefficiencies of the music industry, which is plagued by intransparent music rights ownership and intermediaries standing between artists and their audience.

Audius aims to align the interests of artists, fans, and node operators through its platform powered by its native AUDIO token. Artists can upload music, stored and distributed by content and discovery nodes, that fans can listen to for free. Currently, Audius rewards content creators through rewards like featuring in the weekly trending lists. In the future, it plans to integrate stablecoins for artists to offer paid content, as well as artist tokens that give fans the ability to access exclusive content, potentially cooperating with platforms like Rally.

Audius

Yearn.finance is an aggregator service for decentralized finance (DeFi) investors, using automation to allow them to maximize profits from yield farming.

Its goal is to simplify the ever-expanding DeFi space for investors who are not technically minded or who wish to interact in a less committal manner than serious traders.

Launched in February 2020, the service, formerly known as iEarn, has seen huge growth in recent months as new products debuted and developers released in-house token YFI.

yearn.finance

What Is Ankr (ANKR)?

Ankr is a decentralized blockchain infrastructure provider that operates an array of nodes globally distributed across over 50 Proof-of-Stake networks. This infrastructure helps drive the growth of the crypto economy while powering a full suite of multi-chain tools for Web3 users:

Ankr Build
Ankr provides comprehensive blockchain developer solutions, including traditional APIs, a decentralized multi-chain network of public RPC nodes used to access blockchain data and execute code, and tools like Ankr Scan to view on-chain information across blockchains.

Ankr Earn
Ankr Earn makes staking, liquid staking, and other yield-earning opportunities easy and accessible to any crypto investor. Ankr creates the most scalable and decentralized staking infrastructure solution that aims to solve the capital inefficiency of Proof-of-Stake networks and similar blockchain consensus mechanisms.

Ankr Learn
Through Ankr’s learning tools, tutorials, and docs, anyone can become a better user or developer of blockchain-based systems.

Ankr

Civic is a blockchain-based identity management solution that gives individuals and businesses the tools they need to control and protect personal identity information.

The platform is designed to change the way we think about identity verification by giving users more control over their personal data, while allowing them to access a wide range of services without needing to fork over excessive amounts of personal information.

Civic's identity verification solution uses distributed ledger technology to authorize identity usage in real time, and is used to sparingly share information with Civic partners after authorization by the user.

Unlike some other identity management services, Civic users store all their sensitive data on their mobile device. Users are able to authorize the sharing of specific personal data by providing a biometric signature through the Civic app.

The Civic ecosystem is enabled by a unique utility token known as the Civic token (CVC), which is used for the settlement of identity-related transactions between Civic participants — such as between a customer and service provider.

Users can earn CVC tokens for completing a variety of tasks, such as signing up for a service through the platform or introducing new users, while validators can earn CVCs for validating documents for service providers.

Civic was launched in 2018, following a sell-out initial coin offering (ICO) the year prior.

Civic

SKALE, described as a modular blockchain network, is designed to bring scalability to Ethereum. SKALE is the only blockchain network capable of running an unlimited number of fast, on-demand, pooled-security Blockchains with zero gas fees to end users. These individual chains are known as SKALE chains and can be dapp-specific or shared.

The project’s website says it wants to enable people to build and run DApps in a “decentralized modular cloud built for real-world needs and configured for your requirements.” This emphasis on decentralization isn’t at the expense of security.

According to SKALE, those who build on this platform can run Solidity smart contracts “thousands of times faster at a fraction of the mainnet cost” — with games and content streaming services among the projects that already take advantage of its infrastructure.

SKALE

COTI is a fast and light confidentiality layer on Ethereum. Powered by the breakthrough cryptographic protocol Garbled Circuits and secured by Ethereum, COTI introduces the most advanced and compliant solution for data protection on the public blockchain. Paving the way for the next wave of Web3 innovation and adoption, COTI unlocks a whole new world of use cases, including confidential transactions, Artificial Intelligence, DeFi, decentralized identification, and more.