## ما هي رين (REN)؟

رين Ren (REN) هو بروتوكول مفتوح المصدر، مصمم لتوفير قابلية التشغيل البيني [والسيولة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/liquidity) بين منصات [سلاسل الكتل](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) المختلفة.

أطلقت "رين"، المعروفة سابقا باسم Republic Protocol، آلة رين الافتراضية، في مايو 2020، بعد أن أجرت طرحاً أوليا للعملة ([ICO](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-coin-offering-ico)) جمعت خلاله ما قيمته 34 مليون دولار في عام 2018.

يعمل الرمز المشفّر الأصلي للبروتوكول، REN، كصلة وصل بين أولئك الذين يقومون بتشغيل العقد التي تعمل على تشغيل آلة رين الافتراضية، والمعروفة باسم Darknodes.

تهدف رين إلى توسيع قابلية التشغيل البيني وتحسين إمكانية الوصول للتمويل اللامركزي ([DeFi](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-decentralized-finance)) عن طريق إزالة العقبات التي تنطوي عليها السيولة بين سلاسل الكتل.

### من هم مُؤسسو رين؟

تأسست رين من قبل تاييانغ تشانغ، الرئيس التنفيذي لها، في عام 2017. وتم الإعلان عن رين لأول مرة في يناير 2018، حيث شرح تشانغ حالة استخدامه الأولية على أنها "مجمّع سيولة مظلم لامركزي".

يتمتع تشانغ نفسه بخبرة في مجال العملات المشفرة، حيث شارك أيضا في تأسيس صندوق تحوط التشفير Virgil Capital.

وقبل ذلك، شارك تشانغ في تأسيس شركة Neucode، وهي شركة ناشئة لتطوير البرمجيات والويب، في عام 2014. فيما يعمل جاز جولاتي، المؤسس المشارك الآخر لشركة Neucode، الآن كمطور برامج لصالح "رين".

### ما الذي يميّز رين؟

"رين" عبارة عن منصة معقدة ذات حالات استخدام متعددة، ولكنها مصممة في النهاية للتغلب على العقبات التي تحول دون الدخول والاستثمار في مشاريع التمويل اللامركزي.

فهي تسمح لمشاريع التمويل اللامركزي بجلب العملات المشفرة من سلاسل أخرى مثل [بيتكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin/) (BTC)، و[زي كاش](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/zcash/) (ZEC) إلى سوقها. وعلى نطاق أوسع، يمكن للمستخدمين تبادل أي رمز مشفّر بين أي سلاسل الكتل دون خطوات إضافية مثل استخدام ما يسمى بالإصدارات "المغلفة" من الرموز المشفّرة، على سبيل المثال بيتكوين المغلّف ([WBTC](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/wrapped-bitcoin/)) وإيثريوم المغلّف ([WETH](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/weth/)).

و آلة رين الافتراضية (RenVM) عبارة عن شبكة من أجهزة الكمبيوتر التي تشكل جهازا افتراضيا. تسمى الكمبيوترات التي تعمل على تشغيل الشبكة بالعقد المظلمة (Darknodes) وهي ما تشكّل بمجموعها آلة رين الافتراضية (RenVM).

تفرض "رين" رسوما مختلفة على العمليات الداخلية، لكن معظمها لا يذهب نحو الربحية المباشرة، بل تدفع إلى المعدّنين. وكرمز مشفّر قائم على معيار ([ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20))، تستتبع (REN) أيضا رسوم غاز مختلفة على المعاملات.

#### صفحات ذات صلة:

اكتشف المزيد حول تشينلينك (Chainlink) [هنا](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/chainlink/).

اكتشف المزيد حول كوزموس (Cosmos) [هنا](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/cosmos/).

هل أنت جديد في عالم العملات المُشفرة؟ اعثر على جميع الإجابات التي تبحث عنها مع [Alexandria](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/categories/crypto-basics)، مورد التعليم المخصص من CoinMarketCap.

ألق نظرة على [الشرح التفصيلي لآلة رين الافتراضية (RenVM)](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/bringing-bitcoin-to-defi-a-complete-beginners-deep-dive-into-renvm) في Alexandria.

### كم عدد عملات رين (REN) الموجودة في التداول؟

تخضع (REN) لسقف معروض ثابت يبلغ مليار (1,000,000,000) رمز مشفّر. أجرت رين عملية بيع مسبق وبيع عام في 2018، حيث تم بيع ما مجموعه 60.2% من المعروض الإجمالي للمستثمرين.

وتمتلك رين صندوق احتياطي تم إنشاؤه من البداية وتخصيص نسبة 19.9% من إجمالي العرض له، في حين تم تخصيص 9.9% أخرى للمستشارين والفريق ومؤسسي المشروع. ويتم توزيع الرموز المشفّرة المخصصة للفريق على فترات قفل تمتد لعامين، مع قفل لمدة ستة أشهر لمخصصات المستشارين.

وهناك 10% أخرى من المعروض الإجمالي خصصت لأنشطة مثل الشراكات والتنمية.

REN هو رمز مشفّر قائم على معيار ERC-20.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة رين؟

بحلول أكتوبر 2020، كان مصدر القلق الرئيسي بشأن أمن رين هو سيطرة الفريق على أموال المستخدمين. وتهدف رين إلى توسيع نطاق اللامركزية تدريجيا، ولكن وفقا لفريقها، ستكون الشبكة في البداية أقل لامركزية، خاصة عندما يتعلق الأمر بتخزين الأموال.

وفي أغسطس 2020، أثار محللو الأمن مخاوف بشأن أموال مستخدمي رين الموجودة في محفظة واحدة بقيمة 100 مليون دولار.

ليردّ كبير مسؤولي التكنولوجيا في رين بالقول إنه "خلال هذه الأيام الأولى، يتم تشغيل العقد من قبل فريقنا. من الناحية النظرية، يمكننا التصرف بشكل ضار. ولكن مع توسعنا وضمّ المزيد من الأعضاء، والبدء في استبدال هذه العقد، لن يعود بمقدورنا القيام بشيء كهذا".

### أين يمكنك شراء رين (REN)؟

REN هو رمز مشفّر قابل للتداول بحرية وله وجود في العديد من البورصات الرئيسية. من بينها، [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/binance/) و[Huobi Global](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/huobi-global/) اللتان تستضيفان أكبر حجم تداول للرمز المشفّر حسب بيانات أكتوبر 2020. وتشمل أزواج التداول الخاصة به عملات مشفرة، وعملات ورقية، وعملات مستقرة.

هل أنت مُبتدئ في عالم العملات المشفرة؟ اقرأ [دليلنا المُبسط](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) لشراء Bitcoin والعملات المشفرة الأخرى.

Bridges of Ethereum County: Flipside Crypto

Binance

Ledger

Coinbase

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Atomic wallet

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

Uniswap

UNUS SED LEO

RARI

Onyxcoin

Artificial Liquid Intelligence

smARTOFGIVING

CoinEx Token

Streamr

Chainge

StormX

Perpetual Protocol

Enzyme

SatoshiVM

Frog

ROTTYCOIN

BARRON

Fofar

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

Bancor is an ecosystem of decentralized, open-source protocols that promote on-chain trading and liquidity.

Its main protocol, Carbon, is a decentralized trading protocol allowing users to perform automated trading strategies using custom on-chain limit orders and range orders, with the option of combining orders together to create automated buy low, sell high strategies.

By design, Carbon orders are irreversible on execution, easily adjustable directly on-chain, and resistant to MEV sandwich attacks. These capabilities give users an unprecedented level of control and automation to perform novel trading strategies on-chain.

Fast Lane, a separate open-source arbitrage protocol, allows any user to perform arbitrage between Bancor ecosystem protocols and external on-chain exchanges and redirect arbitrage profits back to the Bancor ecosystem.

All Bancor ecosystem protocols are governed by the BancorDAO via staked BNT.

Bancor

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

Basic Attention Token, or BAT, is the token that powers a new blockchain-based digital advertising platform designed to fairly reward users for their attention, while providing advertisers with a better return on their ad spend.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Basic Attention Token.

This experience is delivered through the Brave Browser, where users can watch privacy-preserving adverts and receive BAT rewards for doing so. On the other hand, advertisers can deliver targeted ads to maximize engagement and cut down losses due to ad fraud and abuse.

The Basic Attention Token itself is the unit of reward in this advertising ecosystem, and is exchanged between advertisers, publishers and users. Advertisers pay for their advertising campaigns in BAT tokens. Out of this budget, a small portion is distributed to advertisers, while 70% is distributed to users — whereas the intermediaries that typically drive up advertising costs are cut out of the equation to improve cost-efficiency.

Basic Attention Token launched in 2017 following one of the fastest sell-out initial coin offerings (ICOs) of all time, with the platform raising a total of $35 million in under a minute. Since then, it has rolled out its attention-based advertising experience to users in most countries through its Brave Rewards program.

As of November 2020, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada had the most active advertising campaigns.

Basic Attention Token

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

LRC is the Ethereum-based cryptocurrency token of Loopring, an open protocol designed for the building of decentralized crypto exchanges.

In 2020, the average daily trading volume of the entire cryptocurrency market fluctuated in the approximate range of $50-$200 million. Most of that trading is conducted on centralized cryptocurrency exchanges — online platforms operated by private companies that store users’ funds and facilitate the matching of buy and sell orders.

Such platforms have a number of downsides common to all of them, so a new type of exchange — decentralized— has emerged to try to alleviate these disadvantages. However, fully decentralized exchanges are not without their own flaws.

Loopring’s purported goal is to combine centralized order matching with decentralized on-blockchain order settlement into a hybridized product that will take the best aspects of both centralized and decentralized exchanges.

LRC tokens became available to the public during an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2017, while the Loopring protocol was first deployed on Ethereum mainnet in December 2019.

Loopring

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Compound is a DeFi lending protocol that allows users to earn interest on their cryptocurrencies by depositing them into one of several pools supported by the platform.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Compound.

When a user deposits tokens to a Compound pool, they receive cTokens in return. These cTokens represent the individual’s stake in the pool and can be used to redeem the underlying cryptocurrency initially deposited into the pool at any time. For example, by depositing ETH into a pool, you will receive cETH in return. Over time, the exchange rate of these cTokens to the underlying asset increases, which means you can redeem them for more of the underlying asset than you initially put in — this is how the interest is distributed.

On the flip side, borrowers can take a secured loan from any Compound pool by depositing collateral. The maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio varies based on the collateral asset, but currently ranges from 50 to 75%. The interest rate paid varies by borrowed asset and borrowers can face automatic liquidation if their collateral falls below a specific maintenance threshold.

Since the launch of the Compound mainnet in September 2018, the platform has skyrocketed in popularity, and recently passed more than $800 million in total locked value.

Compound

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

What Is Ankr (ANKR)?

Ankr is a decentralized blockchain infrastructure provider that operates an array of nodes globally distributed across over 50 Proof-of-Stake networks. This infrastructure helps drive the growth of the crypto economy while powering a full suite of multi-chain tools for Web3 users:

Ankr Build
Ankr provides comprehensive blockchain developer solutions, including traditional APIs, a decentralized multi-chain network of public RPC nodes used to access blockchain data and execute code, and tools like Ankr Scan to view on-chain information across blockchains.

Ankr Earn
Ankr Earn makes staking, liquid staking, and other yield-earning opportunities easy and accessible to any crypto investor. Ankr creates the most scalable and decentralized staking infrastructure solution that aims to solve the capital inefficiency of Proof-of-Stake networks and similar blockchain consensus mechanisms.

Ankr Learn
Through Ankr’s learning tools, tutorials, and docs, anyone can become a better user or developer of blockchain-based systems.

Ankr

Apps use ICON to operate cross-chain seamlessly, build momentum and gain reputation. ICON's Cross-Chain Framework simplifies cross-chain development with its easy-to-use xCall messaging standard and connections to secure bridging protocols.

ICON

UMA was founded in 2018 by Allison Lu and Hart Lambur, two ex Goldman Sachs traders, with the goal of making global markets universally fair, accessible, secure and decentralized.

The team drew inspiration from traditional finance derivatives to define an open-source protocol to allow anyone, anywhere, to design and build trustless financial contracts.

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

Curve is a decentralized exchange for stablecoins that uses an automated market maker (AMM) to manage liquidity.

Launched in January 2020, Curve is now synonymous with the decentralized finance (DeFi) phenomenon, and has seen significant growth in the second half of 2020.

In August, Curve launched a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), with CRV as its in-house token. The DAO uses Ethereum-based creation tool Aragon to connect multiple smart contracts used for users’ deposited liquidity. Issues such as governance, however, differ from Aragon in their weighting and other respects.

Curve DAO Token

Harmony is a blockchain platform designed to facilitate the creation and use of decentralized applications (DApps). The network aims to innovate the way decentralized applications work by focusing on random state sharding, which allows creating blocks in seconds.

According to the project’s website, Harmony is expected to introduce cross-shard contracts and a cross-chain infrastructure by the end of 2021.

Harmony

Balancer is an automated market maker (AMM) that was developed on the Ethereum blockchain and launched in March 2020. It was able to raise a $3M seed round by Placeholder and Accomplice. Balancer protocol functions as a self-balancing weighted portfolio, price sensor and liquidity provider. It allows users to earn profits through its recently introduced token ($BAL) by contributing to customizable liquidity pools.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Balancer(https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-balancer.

The protocol operates a few types of pools:

Private pools give the owner governance over the pool, and make the person the sole contributor of liquidity to the pool. Also, all the parameters are mutable by the owner.

Shared pools are for those who want to become liquidity providers (LPs). The LPs are rewarded with the Balancer Pool Tokens (BPTs).

Smart pools are similar to private pools but are controlled by a smart contract. They also reward using BPTs and allow anyone to contribute liquidity to the pool.

Balancer

Zilliqa is a public, permissionless blockchain that is designed to offer high throughput with the ability to complete thousands of transactions per second. It seeks to solve the issue of blockchain scalability and speed by employing sharding as a second-layer scaling solution. The platform is home to many decentralized applications, and as of October 2020, it also allows for staking and yield farming.

Development work officially started on Zilliqa in June 2017, and its testnet went live in March 2018. A little over a year later, in June 2019, the platform launched its mainnet.

The native utility token of Zilliqa, ZIL, is used to process transactions on the network and execute smart contracts.

Zilliqa

Origin Protocol develops web3 technologies with the intention of bringing non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and decentralized finance (DeFi) to the masses. The protocol’s unique tooling and diverse partnerships help in realizing these goals. Origin Protocol has two flagship products: Origin Story (governed by OGN), and Origin Dollar (governed by OGV).

Origin Story is a white label NFT marketplace solution that works with disrupters in various sectors by leveraging non-fungible tokens. The platform hosts NFT marketplaces and tooling in various industries, including the real estate, profile picture, music, art and entertainment industries.

Some of Origin Story’s partners include Roofstock onChain, Pudgy Penguins, Sappy Seals, Paris Hilton, 3LAU, BT, Inspiration4, and The Doge Pound. Origin Story Marketplaces seek to cast a wide net in various industries being impacted by NFTs, rather than focusing on any one area in particular. Investors may see OGN as the ‘picks and shovels’ approach to investing in NFTs.

Origin Protocol

Yearn.finance is an aggregator service for decentralized finance (DeFi) investors, using automation to allow them to maximize profits from yield farming.

Its goal is to simplify the ever-expanding DeFi space for investors who are not technically minded or who wish to interact in a less committal manner than serious traders.

Launched in February 2020, the service, formerly known as iEarn, has seen huge growth in recent months as new products debuted and developers released in-house token YFI.