Newbie Catchup: The A-Z of NFTs

## ما هو بروتوكول Origin (OGN)؟

إنّ بروتوكول Origin عبارة عن شبكة تتيح للمشاركين في السوق مشاركة السلع والخدمات من خلال شبكات ند لند ([P2P](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/peer-to-peer-p2p)). كما تهدف المنصة إلى إنشاء سوق واسع عبر الإنترنت يستفيد من سلسلة كتل Ethereum ([ETH](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/ethereum/)) ونظام الملفات بين الكواكب (IPFS) من أجل القضاء على الحاجة إلى الوسطاء.

يسمح البروتوكول بإنشاء إعداد لامركزي حيث يمكن لكل من المشترين والبائعين الاتصال والتحقق من القوائم المتاحة وكتابة المراجعات وتنفيذ العديد من الإجراءات الأخرى. مما يجعل تداول الاستخدام الجزئي للأصول أكثر سهولة.

يعالج بروتوكول Origin القضايا الأساسية للأسواق الموجودة على الإنترنت، مثل رسوم المعاملات غير العادلة، والافتقار إلى الشفافية، وقلة الدافع لقضايا الابتكار والمركزية. ويخلق البروتوكول بيئة لامركزية ومحفزة للمشترين والبائعين لتسهيل الأعمال التجارية.

### من هم مُؤسسو بروتوكول Origin؟

إنّ أعضاء الفريق من أكثر من سبع دول لديهم مصلحة مشتركة في تقنية سلسلة الكتل. يقع المقر الرئيسي لبروتوكول Origin في سان فرانسيسكو مع العديد من المستثمرين في أنحاء مختلفة من العالم. تم إطلاق البروتوكول في عام 2017 بواسطة جوش فريزر وماثيو ليو.

شارك جوش فريزر في تأسيس بروتوكول Origin وثلاث شركات أخرى قبله. إنّ فريزر رائد أعمال متسلسل نشط في مجال العملات المشفرة لأكثر من عقد من الزمان. كما عمل فريزر أيضًا كمدير تقني لمنصة الشبكات الاجتماعية Eventvue.

إنّ الشريك المؤسس الآخر ماثيو ليو مهندس برمجيات ومدير منتج عمل في مجال سلاسل الكتل لسنوات عديدة. كما عمل ليو أيضًا كمدير منتج في YouTube.

عمل يو بان، المهندس المؤسس في بروتوكول Origin، في Google. وكان من أوائل الموظفين في Paypal وشارك أيضًا في تأسيس Kiwi Crate.

بينما عمل فرانك شاستاغنول، نائب رئيس قسم الهندسة، في شركات مثل YouTube و Dropbox وغيرها.

### ما الذي يُميز بروتوكول Origin؟

ويهدف بروتوكول Origin إلى تعطيل الاقتصاد التشاركي من خلال إنشاء [شبكة لامركزية ند لند (P2P)](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-peer-to-peer-p2p) بين التجار والاستغناء عن الوسطاء التقليديين. تتمثل رؤية بروتوكول Origin في إنشاء أنظمة موزعة حيث يمكن للمستخدمين الترويج لمنتجاتهم. ويركز البروتوكول على التجارة الحرة لجميع السلع والخدمات بأسعار السوق الفعلية دون تدخل طرف ثالث.

تهدف Origin إلى خلق بيئة مواتية للمشاركين في السوق عبر الإنترنت من خلال توفير:

رسوم معاملات أقل

مع بروتوكول Origin، لا حاجة إلى الوسطاء الذين يفرضون رسومًا على معالجة المعاملات. كما يسمح البروتوكول بالوصول إلى أسعار غير متحيزة للسلع والخدمات.

نظام تحفيز مُحسن

إنّ بروتوكول Origin عبارة عن نظام أساسي مفتوح المصدر يكافئ المستخدمين على مساهماتهم في الشبكة من خلال نظام تحفيز. يُكافأ مستخدمو المنصة، مثل الشركات التابعة، برموز العملات المشفرة عندما يروجون ويسوقون القوائم التي أنشأها البائعون. يُشكل هذا التحفيز للمستخدمين حافزاً آخر للحفاظ على النظام الأساسي على قيد الحياة ونموه.

وصول أفضل

تتطلب شركات المشاركة التقليدية أن يكون لدى المستهلكين حسابات بنكية أو بطاقات ائتمان أو غيرها من وسائل الدفع، مما يحرم من ليس لديهم حسابات مصرفية من الوصول إلى خدماتهم. بينما يسمح بروتوكول Origin للفئات المحرومة بالوصول إلى الأسواق المفتوحة دون الحاجة إلى حساب مصرفي.

### كم عدد عملات Origin (OGN) المُتداولة؟

يعمل بروتوكول Origin على رموز OGN الأصلية الخاصة به، والتي تُستخدم في أنظمة الحوافز، والتخزين، والحوكمة، فضلاً عن المدفوعات. بلغ إجمالي المعروض من رمز OGN مليار رمز، تم تخصيص 20.24% منها للفريق. اعتبارًا من مارس 2021، بلغ العرض المتداول 241,859,681 رمز OGN.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة Origin؟

يعمل رمز أداة OGN على سلسلة كتل Ethereum، أي متوافق مع رمز [ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20). كما يمكن تخزين رمز OGN في أي محفظة تدعم رموز ERC-20. ويستخدم البروتوكول أيضًا نظام الملفات بين الكواكب (IPFS) لتأمين عمليات نقل البيانات بين الأقران، مما يضمن تكامل البيانات.

### أين يُمكنك شراء Origin (OGN)؟

يمكن شراء رمز OGN من بعض أفضل منصات التداول بما في ذلك:

* [بينانس](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/binance/)
* [Uniswap (V2)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/uniswap-v2/)
* [Upbit](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/upbit/)
* [هوبي جلوبال (Huobi Global)](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/huobi-global/)

وبصرف النظر عن شراء وبيع العملات، يمكن للمستخدمين أيضًا كسب رموز OGN من خلال المشاركة في النظام الأساسي وعبر برنامج الإحالة.

اكتشف المزيد حول كيفية شراء Bitcoin ([BTC](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin/)) والعملات المشفرة الأخرى من خلال [دليلنا الشامل](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/).

وفيما يلي بعض المقالات الأخرى، التي قد تهمك:

* [ما هو صنبور العملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-a-crypto-faucet)
* [ما هي بطاقات السحب المصرفية للعملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-crypto-debit-cards)
* [ما هو Web 3.0؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-web-3-0)
* [ماذا تعني زراعة الغلال (Yield Farming)؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-yield-farming)
* [ما هو إقراض العملات المشفرة؟](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-crypto-lending)

Origin Protocol

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Atomic wallet

We're building NFTs & DeFi for everyone. The revolution won't be centralized—not on our watch. Learn more about our NFT platform, partnerships, and the records 

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Pepe

Hippocrat

Uquid Coin

QuarkChain

LTO Network

Multibit

MyNeighborAlice

ChainSwap

Badger DAO

StormX

X2Y2

DORK LORD

xx network

XDAO

Orchid (OXT) is the native token of Orchid, a cryptocurrency-powered virtual private network (VPN).

Launched in December 2019, Orchid describes itself as the world’s first incentivized, peer-to-peer privacy network.

Its aim is to overcome internet freedom limitations by using cryptocurrency payments to allow anyone to purchase bandwidth from any participating provider. This is done using so-called probabilistic nanopayments, which occur using OXT, an ERC-20 standard token on Ethereum.

Regular payments to providers occur off-chain, allowing Orchid to avoid problems with congestion and gas fees on the Ethereum network.

The service is pay-per-use, meaning that users only have to contribute funds when they actually connect, instead of paying monthly or annual fees.

Orchid

Ren (REN) is an open protocol built to provide interoperability and liquidity between different blockchain platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Ren.

Formerly known as Republic Protocol, Ren launched RenVM, its virtual machine mainnet, in May 2020, having completed a $34 million initial coin offering (ICO) in 2018.

The protocol’s native token, REN, functions as a bond for those running nodes which power RenVM, known as Darknodes.

Ren aims to expand the interoperability, and hence accessibility, of decentralized finance (DeFi) by removing hurdles involved in liquidity between blockchains.

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

Audius is a decentralized music streaming protocol initially built on POA network, but now living on Solana. Audius was launched to remedy the inefficiencies of the music industry, which is plagued by intransparent music rights ownership and intermediaries standing between artists and their audience.

Audius aims to align the interests of artists, fans, and node operators through its platform powered by its native AUDIO token. Artists can upload music, stored and distributed by content and discovery nodes, that fans can listen to for free. Currently, Audius rewards content creators through rewards like featuring in the weekly trending lists. In the future, it plans to integrate stablecoins for artists to offer paid content, as well as artist tokens that give fans the ability to access exclusive content, potentially cooperating with platforms like Rally.

Audius

NKN (NKN), or New Kind of Network, is a network that focuses on creating a decentralized and open-source network protocol for public blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) networks to share network bandwidth and internet connectivity. Its main objective is to address the challenges faced by today's internet, such as centralization, scalability issues and security concerns.

Ontology is a project designed to bring trust, privacy, and security to Web3 through decentralized identity and data solutions. It is building the infrastructure to provide trusted access to Web3, allowing individuals and enterprises to rest assured that through regulatory compliant digital identity solutions, users and their privacy come first.

The Ontology blockchain is a high speed, low cost public blockchain. It is designed to bring decentralized identity and data solutions to Web3, with the goal of increasing privacy, transparency, and trust. To achieve this, users and enterprises are provided with the flexibility to build blockchain-based solutions that suit their needs, while also ensuring regulatory compliance. Through Ontology’s Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Ontology ensures frictionless compatibility with Ethereum, the first step in the creation of the Ontology Multi-Virtual Machine and further interoperability for the chain.

At its launch, Ontology chose to forego the popular initial coin offering (ICO) model in favor of a series of community distributions and airdrops of its ONT cryptocurrency.

This helped to quickly establish both organic price discovery and a passionate community and helped the project to avoid subsequent regulatory scrutiny.

For example, for a brief period any person who signed up for the Ontology newsletter received an airdrop of free 1,000 ONT, which reached a value of $10 per token soon after the token became listed on major exchanges like Binance.

Ontology launched its own MainNet on June 30, 2018 and has been up and running smoothly since.

Ontology

Founded in 2015, StormX is one of the first global cryptocurrency-based solutions to reach worldwide markets. As a mobile app and browser extension, StormX aims to bring users cashback in crypto for most of their online purchases. With enterprise partners like Samsung, Nike and Lego. StormX also allows users to stake the native STMX token to boost their rewards.

The company has already attracted investments from Blockfolio, Litecoin Foundation and Kyber Network. StormX has successfully developed its product and has become an industry leader in the crypto cashback community. The company is also catching users’ attention by offering cashback of up to 87.5% for some purchases.

SKALE, described as a modular blockchain network, is designed to bring scalability to Ethereum. SKALE is the only blockchain network capable of running an unlimited number of fast, on-demand, pooled-security Blockchains with zero gas fees to end users. These individual chains are known as SKALE chains and can be dapp-specific or shared.

The project’s website says it wants to enable people to build and run DApps in a “decentralized modular cloud built for real-world needs and configured for your requirements.” This emphasis on decentralization isn’t at the expense of security.

According to SKALE, those who build on this platform can run Solidity smart contracts “thousands of times faster at a fraction of the mainnet cost” — with games and content streaming services among the projects that already take advantage of its infrastructure.

SKALE

OMG Network, formerly known as OmiseGo, is a non-custodial, layer-2 scaling solution built for the Ethereum blockchain. As an Ethereum scaling solution, OMG Network is designed to allow users to transfer ETH and ERC20 tokens significantly faster and cheaper than when transacting directly on the Ethereum network.

The network is based on a novel scaling solution called MoreViable Plasma, which uses a sidechain architecture to group several transactions off-chain into a batch, which can then be verified as a single transaction on the Ethereum root chain. According to OMG Network, this technology has the potential to scale Ethereum to thousands of transactions per second (TPS) — instead of the 10 to 14 tps Ethereum 1.0 is currently capable of.

The network is powered by the OMG utility token, which can be used as one of the payment methods for fees on the OMG Network, and will eventually be stakable — helping to secure the network in return for rewards.

OMG Network

COTI markets itself as the first enterprise-grade fintech platform that empowers organizations to build their own payment solutions as well as digitize any currency to save time as well as money.

COTI is one of the world’s first blockchain protocols that is optimized for decentralized payments and designed for use by merchants, governments, payment DApps and stablecoin issuers.

COTI Pay is the first application. It describes itself as a fully encompassing finance on the blockchain. The COTI Group launched in March of 2017, while the Staking Platform Launched on Jan. 1, 2020.

It is an ecosystem that is designed specifically to meet all of the challenges associated with traditional finance, including latency, fees, global inclusion and risks. This is done through the introduction of the DAG-based protocol as well as infrastructure that is completely scalable, private, inclusive and fast.

The ecosystem has DAG-based blockchain, proof-of-trust consensus algorithm, multiDAG, GTS (Global Trust System), a universal payment solution and a payment gateway.

COTI

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

Bancor is an ecosystem of decentralized, open-source protocols that promote on-chain trading and liquidity.

Its main protocol, Carbon, is a decentralized trading protocol allowing users to perform automated trading strategies using custom on-chain limit orders and range orders, with the option of combining orders together to create automated buy low, sell high strategies.

By design, Carbon orders are irreversible on execution, easily adjustable directly on-chain, and resistant to MEV sandwich attacks. These capabilities give users an unprecedented level of control and automation to perform novel trading strategies on-chain.

Fast Lane, a separate open-source arbitrage protocol, allows any user to perform arbitrage between Bancor ecosystem protocols and external on-chain exchanges and redirect arbitrage profits back to the Bancor ecosystem.

All Bancor ecosystem protocols are governed by the BancorDAO via staked BNT.

Bancor

Balancer is an automated market maker (AMM) that was developed on the Ethereum blockchain and launched in March 2020. It was able to raise a $3M seed round by Placeholder and Accomplice. Balancer protocol functions as a self-balancing weighted portfolio, price sensor and liquidity provider. It allows users to earn profits through its recently introduced token ($BAL) by contributing to customizable liquidity pools.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Balancer(https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-balancer.

The protocol operates a few types of pools:

Private pools give the owner governance over the pool, and make the person the sole contributor of liquidity to the pool. Also, all the parameters are mutable by the owner.

Shared pools are for those who want to become liquidity providers (LPs). The LPs are rewarded with the Balancer Pool Tokens (BPTs).

Smart pools are similar to private pools but are controlled by a smart contract. They also reward using BPTs and allow anyone to contribute liquidity to the pool.

Balancer

Harmony is a blockchain platform designed to facilitate the creation and use of decentralized applications (DApps). The network aims to innovate the way decentralized applications work by focusing on random state sharding, which allows creating blocks in seconds.

According to the project’s website, Harmony is expected to introduce cross-shard contracts and a cross-chain infrastructure by the end of 2021.

Harmony

Reef is a Reliable Extensible Efficient Fast Layer-1 Blockchain for DeFi, NFT & Gaming. Built using Substrate Framework, it provides high scalability, enabling almost instant low-cost transactions, and supports Solidity and EVM, allowing developers to seamlessly migrate their DApps from Ethereum without any change in the codebase.

Reef Chain is the most advanced EVM-compatible blockchain. It's self-upgradable and has on-chain governance. Its infrastructure also allows for EVM extensions which allows for native token bridge, scheduled calls (ie. recurring payments), and smart contract in-place code upgrades. In the near future, it will support additional VMs which will allow developers to write code in multiple programming languages. The network runs on a Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) consensus mechanism, which offers scalability and low fees.

REEF is the native token that is used for:

Fees for processing transactions and storing data.

Running validator nodes by staking REEF tokens.

Nominating which validator nodes should be part of the network.

Reef is backed by multiple leading funds and venture capitalists including NGC, QCP, Bitcoin.com, Kenetic Capital, LD Capital, TRG Capital, Krypital Group, Genesis Block, Woodstock Fund and others.

Reef Chain development tools include:

Remix and EVM integrated development environments for uploading and deploying smart contracts.

Reefscan blockchain explorer to assist with deploying validators, bonding and nominating validators, debugging contracts, and understanding network performance.

Reef command line tools that allow developers deploy applications from local environments.

Reef wallet for accessing and interacting with the blockchain

Reef

Celer is a blockchain interoperability
protocol enabling a one-click user experience accessing tokens, DeFi, GameFi, NFTs, governance, and more across multiple chains. Developers can build inter-chain-native Dapps using the Celer Inter-chain Messaging Framework to gain access to efficient liquidity utilization, coherent application logic, and shared states. Users of Celer-enabled dApps will enjoy the benefits of a diverse multi-blockchain ecosystem with the simplicity of a single-transaction UX, all from a single chain.

Celer Network

Apps use ICON to operate cross-chain seamlessly, build momentum and gain reputation. ICON's Cross-Chain Framework simplifies cross-chain development with its easy-to-use xCall messaging standard and connections to secure bridging protocols.

ICON

Chromia is a modular, relational blockchain platform that aims to make it easy for people to build decentralized applications (DApps). It was founded by ChromaWay, a company that has been working on blockchain solutions since 2014 for various sectors such as finance, real estate, gaming and public services. ChromaWay is also known for creating colored coins, which are user-defined assets on a blockchain that can represent anything from currencies to stocks to collectibles.

Chromia’s vision is to enable a new generation of DApps that can scale beyond what is currently possible and address real-world problems in various domains such as gaming, social media, finance, healthcare, education, governance, and more.

Some examples of DApps on Chromia include: My Neighbor Alice (ALICE), a multiplayer blockchain game; LAC PropertyChain, a land registry system; Green Assets Wallet, a platform for green bond verification; Hedget (HGET),  a decentralized options protocol; Corite (CO), a music streaming service; Chain of Alliance (COA), a strategy game; Vault12, a digital asset custody solution; Domenation, a blockchain gaming project.

Chromia

Chiliz is the leading digital currency for sports and entertainment by the eponymous Malta-based FinTech provider. It operates the blockchain-based sports entertainment platform Socios, which enables users to participate in the governance of their favorite sports brands. Multiple fan tokens by Socios.com are an example of that. For sports clubs and associations, fan tokens offer a way of connecting with their fans and unlocking new revenue streams.

For instance, fans can participate and influence club-related decisions through surveys and polls, such as messages the captain should wear on his armband. The company aims to bridge the gap between being an active and a passive fan. Chiliz has developed partnerships with some of the biggest sporting institutions in the world: FC Barcelona, Manchester City, Juventus Turin, and Paris Saint-Germain. It also boasts partnerships with the UFC and gaming organizations. By purchasing CHZ, fans get access to various fan tokens and literally have a stake in their club.

Chiliz

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.