## ما هو MultiversX (EGLD)؟

إنّ MultiversX (EGLD) بروتوكول قائم على [سلسلة الكتل](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/blockchain) يسعى إلى توفير سرعات معاملات فائقة باستخدام التجزئة. ويصف المشروع نفسه بأنه نظام بيئي تكنولوجي للإنترنت الجديد، بحيث يضم بين جنباته التكنولوجيا المالية، و[التمويل اللامركزي](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-decentralized-finance)، وإنترنت الأشياء. وتفيد التقارير أن منصته الخاصة بتنفيذ [العقود الذكية](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/smart-contract) لديها القدرة على إجراء 15,000 معاملة في الثانية، في وقت استجابة لا يتجاوز ست ثوانٍ، وتكلفة عند 0.001 دولار للمعاملة.

يُكافئ MultiversX المجتمع والمشاركين النشطين برموز EGLD. إنّ EGLD، أو الذهب الإلكتروني، هو رمز Elrond الأصلي. يعمل كمخزن للعملة ذات القيمة للدفع مقابل استخدام الشبكة. كما تعمل العملة أيضًا كوسيلة للتبادل بين مستخدمي المنصة والمدققين. يدفع المستخدمون رسوم المعاملات على شكل رمز EGLD بينما يُقدم المدققون الخدمات.

يسمح رمز EGLD للمطورين بنشر العقود الذكية والبروتوكولات والتطبيقات اللامركزية على المنصة. تمكن المشاركين من أداء أي عمل على الشبكة. من خلال مكافآت [التحصيص](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/staking) والتدقيق، بالإضافة إلى رسوم المعاملات، يُدير EGLD شبكة Elrond. علاوة على ذلك، يتمتع رمز EGLD بوظيفة رمز الحوكمة، بحيث يمكن لمالكيه التصويت على قرارات الشبكة.

تم [الإعلان](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5173310) عن MultiversX لأول مرة في أغسطس 2019، وبدأت شبكته الرئيسية [العمل](https://elrond.com/blog/zero-to-one/) في يوليو 2020.

### من هم مُؤسسو MultiversX؟

تم تأسيس MultiversX في أواخر عام 2017 من قبل الأخوين بنيامين، ولوسيان مينكو، إضافة إلى لوسيان توديا، حيث كان هدفهم إيجاد حلّ لمشكلة قابلية التوسع في سلسلة الكتل، والتي [اعتقدوا](https://cryptoama.substack.com/p/crypto-ama-with-eth-20-implementers) أنها المشكلة الأكثر إلحاحًا في مجال العملات المشفرة.

قبل MultiversX، شارك بينيامين ولوسيان مينكو في تأسيس "MetaChain Capital"، وهو صندوق استثماري للأصول الرقمية، حيث شغل بينيامين مينكو منصب المدير التنفيذي، بينما تولى لوسيان مينكو أعمال المدير التنفيذي للتكنولوجيا. كما شارك الاثنان في تأسيس ICO Market Data، وهو مُجمّع معلومات حول عمليات [الطرح الأولي للعملات المشفّرة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-coin-offering-ico).

كان بنيامين مينكو مسؤولاً أيضاً عن المنتجات والتسويق والمجتمع لمنصة سلسلة كتل [NEM](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/nem/) بين عامي 2014 و2015، بالإضافة إلى كونه مستثمراً مبكراً في مشاريع مثل [زيليقا](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/zilliqa/) (ZIL)، و[تيزوس](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/tezos/) (XTZ) وبريف [وبينانس](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/binance). يتمتع لوسيان مينكو بخبرة إضافية كمهندس لتكنولوجيا المعلومات ومختص بأمنها، بعد أن عمل مع أنظمة Uhrenwerk 24 وCetto وLibl.

إنّ تودا رائد أعمال تقني متسلسل، حيث أسس سابقاً Soft32 وشغل منصب المدير التنفيذي، وهو موقع لمراجعة البرامج وتنزيلها، كما كان شريكًا في mobilPay، وهو تطبيق للدفع عبر الهاتف المحمول. وهو أيضاً مستثمر ملاك، استثمر في شركة تكنولوجيا القياسات الحيوية TypingDNA، ومنصة المحاسبة SmartBill.

### ما الذي يُميز MultiversX؟

يصف MultiversX نفسه بأنه منصة قائمة على سلسلة الكتل لاقتصاد الإنترنت الجديد، و[التطبيقات اللامركزية](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/decentralized-applications-dapps)، واستخدام المؤسسات. وتتمثل ميزته الرئيسية في قابليته العالية على التوسّع، [مشيرًا](https://docs.elrond.com/) إلى أنه أول شبكة سلسلة كتل تقوم بتنفيذ التجزئة (sharding) على مستوى الكيانات، والمعاملات والشبكة بالكامل. ووفقاً للمستند التقني الاقتصادي الخاصة بالبروتوكول، [يسعى إلى](https://elrond.com/assets/files/elrond-economics.pdf) بناء نظامه البيئي وإنشاء عملة (EGLD) كأصل مخزن للقيمة.

ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، تعمل الشبكة على 2169 عقدة تدقيق، مقسمة إلى أربع قطع: ثلاث قطع تنفيذ، قادرة على إجراء 5400 معاملة في الثانية لكل منها، وقطعة تنسيق واحدة، "ميتاشاين ". حيث تعمل بنية إيلروند المتكيفة على تقطيع كامل على مستوى الحالة، والمعاملات، والشبكة. كما يمكن توسيعها عن طريق إضافة قطع إضافية عندما لا يزيد الطلب عن الطاقة الإنتاجية. وقد تم اختبار الشبكة لتنفيذ 263000 معاملة في الثانية على الشبكة العامة التي تضم 1500 عقدة من 29 دولة مجمعة في 50 قطعة.

ومن أجل زيادة تبنّي العملات المشفرة، يقوم المشروع أيضاً بدعم المطورين الذين يبنون على المنصة، حيث يسمح لهم بكسب 30% من رسوم العقود الذكية التي يبنونها طوال فترة حياتها واستخدامها.

تحتفظ الشركة بنسبة من المعروض من رموز (EGLD) المشفّرة وذلك لاستخدامها في التخزين المؤقت، مع حصول مشغلي عقد االتدقيق على نسبة 36% سنوياً.

### كيف يعمل MultiversX؟

وفقًا لفريق التشفير الخاص ببروتوكول MultiversX، ينفذ المشروع ثلاثة أنواع من التجزئة: الكيانات، والمعاملات والشبكة، باستخدام طريقة المعالجة المتوازية لتسريع الوقت وزيادة عدد المعاملات.

إنّ MultiversX هو برنامج شامل يستخدم التجزئة التكيفية للكيانات (Adaptive State Sharding) للتوسع أثناء مشاركة البنية التحتية لدعم عدد متزايد من التطبيقات والمعاملات في دفتر الأستاذ. يضمن الاختلاف في البروتوكول التشغيلي التقليدي لإثبات الحصة ([PoS](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/proof-of-stake-pos)) أنّ الاتصال بالمنصة لجميع أقسام الشبكة مفصول أثناء التجزئة. ومن ثم، تشارك البيئة المتكاملة في تطوير التطبيقات اللامركزية (dApps)، وهي تقليد للمنتجات والخدمات.

قام مطورو MultiversX بدمج ثلاث طرق للتجزئة لإنشاء طريقة تكيفية فريدة خاصة بهم. يقسمون الشبكة إلى أربعة أجزاء: ثلاثة أجزاء هي أجزاء تنفيذية تعالج المعاملات، حيث تُدقق 5,400 معاملة في الثانية، ويتمثل الجزء الرابع في Metachain، وهو الجزء الذي يُنسق المعاملات ويكملها.

تشمل أنواع التجزئة: تجزئة الكيان حيث يتم توزيع تاريخ الشبكة أو الكيان، عبر أقسام مختلفة من الشبكة أو الأجزاء. لدى كل جزء دفتر الأستاذ الخاص به، ويُخزن العُقد حالة كل جزء. أما النوع الثاني يتمثل في تجزئة المعاملات حيث يتم تعيين المعاملات إلى أجزاء ومعالجتها، وتعالج الأجزاء المعاملات بالتوازي وتلتقط العُقد حالة الشبكة بأكملها، بينما النوع الثالث يكمن في تقسيم الشبكة حيث يتم تجميع العُقد في أجزاء ثم معالجتها. يُساهم تقسيم الشبكة لتحسين الاتصالات.

### كم عدد عملات MultiversX (EGLD) المُتداولة؟

لدى نموذج MultiversX الاقتصادي مستوى معروض ثابت يبدأ عند 20،000،000 رمز EGLD، ثم تضاف عملات جديدة إليه عند إصدار مكافآت مدققي الشبكة. لكن لا يمكن أن يتجاوز الحد الأقصى للمعروض الإجمالي 31,415,926 EGLD، مع إمكانية انخفاض هذا الرقم كلما تمت معالجة المزيد من المعاملات.

تم طرح رمز MultiversX الأصلي للشراء أول مرة من خلال بيع خاص، حيث تم [بيع](https://elrond.com/assets/files/elrond-token-metrics.pdf) 19% من المعروض الأولي، على أن يتم إتاحة 7.5% منها فور توليد الرمز والمتبقي على مراحل تشمل 15.41% كل ثلاثة أشهر. كما أجرت MultiversX أيضاً [عرضًا أوليًا للعملة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/initial-exchange-offering) على منصة التداول Binance، تم خلاله [بيع](https://www.binance.com/en/support/articles/360029716271-Introducing-the-Elrond-ERD-Token-Sale-on-Binance-Launchpad) 25% من المعروض وأفرج عنها على الفور.

من 56% المتبقية، تم حجز 7% من أجل صرف المكافآت داخل النظام البيئي، حيث تم إطلاق 50% منها على الفور و50% أخرى بعد ستة أشهر، كما تمّ تخصيص 8.5% للتسويق والمنح ومجمّع سيولة لدعم مطوري التطبيقات المركزية، حيث يتم إتاحة 81.17% منها على الفور و9.41% كل ستة أشهر، كما تم تخصيص 2% لصندوق مجتمعي، مع إطلاق 33.3% منها على الفور، و33.3% بعد ستة أشهر و33.3% بعد 12 شهراً. أيضًا، تم تخصيص 2.5% للمستشارين، يتم إتاحتها بعد عامٍ واحد، وتخصيص 19% لمؤسسي MultiversX وأعضاء الفريق الأساسي، مع إطلاق 10% بعد ستة أشهر، و10% بعد 12 شهراً، و15% بعد 18 و24 و30 و36 شهر، و20% بعد 42 شهراً. وأخيراً، تم تخصيص 17% للشركة لدعم النظام البيئي، منها 33.3% لدفع مكافآت التحصيص خلال السنة الأولى تم إطلاقها مباشرة، و66.6% على ثلاث أقساط متساوية خلال ثلاث سنوات، تبدأ بعد عام واحد.

تم إصدار رموز MultiversX لأول مرة على سلسلة بينانس تحت اسم (ERD) بإجمالي معروض قدره 20 مليار. تم [حرق](https://medium.com/elrondnetwork/500-million-erd-tokens-burned-on-the-binance-chain-and-minted-on-ethereum-as-erc-20-tokens-866f978846c5) 500 مليون رمز منها في نوفمبر 2019 وتعدينها على سلسلة كتل [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/ethereum/) كرموز [ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20)، كما [نظمت](https://elrond.com/blog/elrond-token-swap-bridge/) الشركة عملية مبادلة في سبتمبر 2020 ليتسنى لحاملي الرموز مبادلة رموز ERC-20 ورموز BEP-2 مقابل رموز EGLD الخاصة بالشبكة الرئيسية. وخلال هذه العملية، تم تخفيض المعروض الإجمالي من الرموز من 20 مليار إلى 20 مليون عن طريق تحديد نسبة المقايضة عند 1000 ERD مقابل كل 1 EGLD.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة MultiversX؟

[تستخدم](https://docs.elrond.com/learn/secure-proof-of-stake) MultiversX ما تسميه خوارزمية [إجماع](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/consensus) [إثبات الحصة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake) الآمنة حيث يجب أن تضع العقد رموز EGLD للمشاركة في عملية تدقيق المعاملات، ويتم تعيين درجة تصنيف لكل مدقق بناءً على النشاط السابق، وهو ما يؤثر أيضاً على عملية اختيار العقد. فإذا أصبح تقييم المدقّق منخفضاً جداً، فلن يتم اختياره وسيتوجب عليه دفع غرامات. كما يمكن أيضاً إزالة المدققين من الشبكة وإلغاء حصصهم المخزنة من الرموز المشفرة، إذا تكرر عملهم بطريقة تتعارض مع سلامة الشبكة.

يتم اختيار المدقّقين عشوائياً بطريقة لا يمكن التنبؤ بها أو تعديلها بناءً على الجولة السابقة من عمليات التدقيق. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يتم إعادة توزيع المدقّقين بشكل دوري بين قطع الشبكة كوسيلة لمنع التواطؤ. تتواصل العقد فيما بينها باستخدام "بونه- لين- شاخام" المعدل، أو (BLS)، بتوقيعات متعددة لتوفير حماية تشفير قوية.

### أين يُمكنك شراء MultiversX (EGLD)؟

يمكن شراء إلروند (EGLD) من بورصات [العملات المشفرة](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-are-cryptocurrencies) مثل [Binance](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/binance/) و[OKEx](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/okex/) و[Bitfinex](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/bitfinex/) و[BitMax](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/bitmax/). حيث يمكن تداوله مقابل العملات الورقية مثل الدولار الأمريكي والروبية الإندونيسية، إلى جانب غيره من العملات المشفرة مثل [بيتكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin) (BTC) و[بينانس كوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/binance-coin) (BNB)، والعملات المستقرة مثل [دولار تيثر](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/tether/) (USDT) و[دولار بينانس](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/binance-usd) (BUSD). كما أنها متاحة في كل من الأسواق الفورية وكذلك أسواق المشتقات المالية للعملات المشفّرة.

هل أنت مهتم بشراء إلروند (EGLD) أو غيرها من العملات المشفرة مثل [بيتكوين](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/bitcoin)؟ توفّر CoinMarketCap [دليلاً مُبسطاً](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/) لكل ما تحتاج معرفته حول العملات المُشفرة وكيفية إجراء عملية شرائك الأولى.

Together with leading ecosystem builders from 

Hyped up for a new round of bridges built and meets with the community 🔥 

Welcome to MultiversX's Community channel aggregated by CoinMarketCap.

#MultiversX at #Consensus2024

Together with leading ecosystem builders from @PulsarMoneyApp @Ta_da_io @buidly_ @EntityFinance @GaupaLabs & more.

Hyped up for a new round of bridges built and meets with the community 🔥 

Touching grass and meeting with the community and blockchain-curious runners at our tent.

9000 participants in total, with at least the same number of people cheering from the sidelines. Exercising brings clarity for building 🔥 

The #MultiversX marathon 🏃‍♂️ is ongoing.

Touching grass and meeting with the community and blockchain-curious runners at our tent.

9000 participants in total, with at least the same number of people cheering from the sidelines. Exercising brings clarity for building 🔥 

What Are Stramosi NFTs? Features, Ownership Perks and More

P2P.org

Binance

MultiversX

Ledger

Trezor

Trust Wallet

Math Wallet

Elrond wallet

MetaMask

Binance Chain Wallet

Hatom

Wrapped EGLD

Ta-da

OneFinity

Cantina Royale

In a nutshell, Cosmos bills itself as a project that solves some of the “hardest problems” facing the blockchain industry. It aims to offer an antidote to “slow, expensive, unscalable and environmentally harmful” proof-of-work protocols, like those used by Bitcoin, by offering an ecosystem of connected blockchains.

The project’s other goals include making blockchain technology less complex and difficult for developers thanks to a modular framework that demystifies decentralized apps. Last but not least, an Interblockchain Communication protocol makes it easier for blockchain networks to communicate with each other — preventing fragmentation in the industry.

Cosmos’ origins can be dated back to 2014, when Tendermint, a core contributor to the network, was founded. In 2016, a white paper for Cosmos was published — and a token sale was held the following year. ATOM tokens are earned through a hybrid proof-of-stake algorithm, and they help to keep the Cosmos Hub, the project’s flagship blockchain, secure. This cryptocurrency also has a role in the network’s governance.

Cosmos

Algorand is a self-sustaining, decentralized, blockchain-based network that supports a wide range of applications. These systems are secure, scalable and efficient, all critical properties for effective applications in the real world. Algorand will support computations that require reliable performance guarantees to create new forms of trust.

The Algorand mainnet became live in June 2019, and was able to handle almost 1 million transactions per day as of December 2020. Algorand transaction metrics can be viewed here. Algorand initial coin offering (ICO) was held in June 2019, with the Algorand price of $0.24 per token.

Algorand

Polkadot is an open-source sharded multichain protocol that connects and secures a network of specialized blockchains, facilitating cross-chain transfer of any data or asset types, not just tokens, thereby allowing blockchains to be interoperable with each other. Polkadot was designed to provide a foundation for a decentralized internet of blockchains, also known as Web3.

Polkadot is known as a layer-0 metaprotocol because it underlies and describes a format for a network of layer 1 blockchains known as parachains (parallel chains). As a metaprotocol, Polkadot is also capable of autonomously and forklessly updating its own codebase via on-chain governance according to the will of its token holder community.

Polkadot provides a foundation to support a decentralized web, controlled by its users, and to simplify the creation of new applications, institutions and services.

The Polkadot protocol can connect public and private chains, permissionless networks, oracles and future technologies, allowing these independent blockchains to trustlessly share information and transactions through the Polkadot Relay Chain (explained further down).

Polkadot’s native DOT token serves three clear purposes: staking for operations and security, facilitating network governance, and bonding tokens to  connect parachains .

Polkadot has four core components:

Relay Chain: Polkadot’s “heart,” helping to create consensus, interoperability and shared security across the network of different chains;

Parachains: independent chains that can have their own tokens and be optimized for specific use cases;

Parathreads: similar to parachains but with flexible connectivity based on an economical pay-as-you-go model;

Bridges: allow parachains and parathreads to connect and communicate with external blockchains like Ethereum.

Polkadot

Aave

Avalanche is a layer one blockchain that functions as a platform for decentralized applications and custom blockchain networks. It is one of Ethereum’s rivals, aiming to unseat Ethereum as the most popular blockchain for smart contracts. It aims to do so by having a higher transaction output of up to 6,500 transactions per second while not compromising scalability.

This is made possible by Avalanche’s unique architecture. The Avalanche network consists of three individual blockchains: the X-Chain, C-Chain and P-Chain. Each chain has a distinct purpose, which is radically different from the approach Bitcoin and Ethereum use, namely having all nodes validate all transactions. Avalanche blockchains even use different consensus mechanisms based on their use cases.

After its mainnet launch in 2020, Avalanche has worked on developing its own ecosystem of DApps and DeFi. Different Ethereum-based projects such as SushiSwap and TrueUSD have integrated with Avalanche. Furthermore, the platform is constantly working on improving interoperability between its own ecosystem and Ethereum, like through the development of bridges.

Avalanche

Founded in 2017, Chainlink is a blockchain abstraction layer that enables universally connected smart contracts. Through a decentralized oracle network, Chainlink allows blockchains to securely interact with external data feeds, events and payment methods, providing the critical off-chain information needed by complex smart contracts to become the dominant form of digital agreement.

The Chainlink Network is driven by a large open-source community of data providers, node operators, smart contract developers, researchers, security auditors and more. The company focuses on ensuring that decentralized participation is guaranteed for all node operators and users looking to contribute to the network.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Chainlink.

Chainlink

VeChainThor (VET) is a versatile enterprise-grade L1 smart contract platform whose origins began in 2015. VeChain is known as a pioneer of real-world enterprise applications, and built a distributed platform powered by Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, NFC chips and blockchain to help various industries solve data-related challenges.

VeChain solves major blockchain adoption hurdles. The platform uses an intelligent two token model, VET and VTHO, separating the protocol's Store of Value and gas fee payment mechanisms, ensuring costs can be kept low and stable. Fee delegation allows smart contracts to pay gas fees on behalf of business users, and an advanced transaction model allows data to be packaged more efficiently while ensuring finality of data.

VeChain is focused on delivering a wave of incentive-based sustainability dApps through its new platform, VeBetterDAO, working closely with Boston Consulting Group to achieve adoption across enterprise and individual users, and helping  onboard the next billion users to Web3 over the coming decade.

From supply chains to sustainability, VeChain has continuously demonstrated its leading role as a driver of blockchain in business, and is dedicated to its role as a pioneer of driving real world adoption of blockchain technology.

VeChain

Theta Network

Fantom is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) smart contract platform providing decentralized finance (DeFi) services to developers using its own bespoke consensus algorithm.

Together with its in-house token FTM, Fantom aims to solve problems associated with smart-contract platforms, specifically transaction speed, which developers say they have reduced to under two seconds.

The Fantom Foundation, which oversees the Fantom product offering, was originally created in 2018, with the launch of OPERA, Fantom’s mainnet, coming in December 2019.

Fantom is an open-source decentralized smart contract platform for DApps and digital assets that was created as an alternative to Ethereum. Fantom has the goal of overcoming the limitations of previous generation blockchains and balancing three components: scalability, security and decentralization. The project offers a set of tools to simplify the process of integrating existing DApps, as well as a detailed staking reward system and built-in DeFi instruments.

Fantom is a Layer-1 blockchain that uses a scratch-built consensus mechanism and independent consensus layer, Lachesis, to facilitate DeFi and related services on the basis of smart contracts. Lachesis provides security for other layers as well, including Opera, Fantom's EVM-compatible smart contract chain. The long-playing mission of the project is to “grant compatibility between all transaction bodies around the world.”

One of Fantom's key strengths is its performance and efficient transaction processing, namely thousands of transactions per second, where transactions are settled in 1-2 seconds, and the cost is fractions of a cent per transaction. As a result, Fantom provides higher scalability but at a lower cost.

The ecosystem is based on two main technologies: Lachesis protocol and Opera.

The Lachesis protocol is the core consensus layer that secures the Fantom network by providing both transaction speed and security.

Lachesis is an aBFT consensus engine that uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG) algorithm. How it works: network data can be processed at different times, and the network filters the participants, allowing only one third, which are allocated due to erroneous or malicious behavior, without compromising network processes.

Fantom's Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (aBFT) Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism maintains the efficiency of the entire network, its design provides security at maximum speed. Fantom developers emphasize that the PoS mechanism is a leaderless phenomenon — there are no leaders of blocks and participants, and anyone can join (or leave) the network of nodes at a convenient moment.

The key qualities of Lachesis are: asynchronous, leaderless, Byzantine fault-tolerant, and near-instant finality.

As for Opera, it's an application development layer or Fantom's mainnet deployment platform, permissionless and open-source hosting DApps. Thanks to EVM integration and support for the Solidity programming language, Fantom has a full set of smart contract capabilities, which allows users to seamlessly interact with Ethereum platforms while maintaining the advantage of Fantom's transaction efficiency.

The Fantom Foundation concluded that removing block leaders improves network security, so Opera uses a PoS model and leaderless validators (validators do not determine which blocks are valid).

In addition to being a fast, secure and cheap payment platform that enables to make fast and secure payments at minimal cost, Fantom also features on-chain governance where users vote with FTM tokens (one token equals one vote). Of the features: users have the right to express the degree of agreement / disagreement on a scale from 0 to 4.

FTM is the native utility in-house PoS token of Fantom that powers the ecosystem and is applied for payments, network fees, staking, and governance. FTM forms the backbone of transactions, and allows fee collection and staking activities, along with the user rewards the latter represents.

Fantom

Launched in 2011 by Pixowl, The Sandbox is a blockchain-based virtual world allowing users to create, build, buy and sell digital assets in the form of a game. By combining the powers of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO) and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), the Sandbox creates a decentralized platform for a thriving gaming community.

According to the official whitepaper, the Sandbox platform’s main mission is to introduce blockchain technology in mainstream gaming successfully. The platform focuses on facilitating a creative “play-to-earn” model, which allows users to be both creators and gamers simultaneously. The Sandbox employs the powers of blockchain technology by introducing the SAND utility token, which facilitates transactions on the platform.

The Sandbox

Decentraland (MANA) defines itself as a virtual reality platform powered by the Ethereum blockchain that allows users to create, experience, and monetize content and applications.

In this virtual world, users purchase plots of land that they can later navigate, build upon and monetize.

Decentraland was launched following a $24 million initial coin offering (ICO) that was conducted in 2017. The virtual world launched its closed beta in 2019 and opened to the public in February 2020. Since then, users have created a wide range of experiences on their parcels of LAND, including interactive games, sprawling 3D scenes and a variety of other interactive experiences.

Decentraland uses two tokens: MANA and LAND. MANA is an ERC-20 token that must be burned to acquire non-fungible ERC-721 LAND tokens. MANA tokens can also be used to pay for a range of avatars, wearables, names, and more on the Decentraland marketplace.

Decentraland (MANA) is a decentralized virtual world platform with software based on the Ethereum blockchain, where users create, test and monetize content. In short: users buy virtual plots of land as NFTs with MANA tokens on the Decentraland platform. Progress in the game depends only on players themselves, their efforts and their imagination.

The digital platform is completely owned by its users. Within the Decentraland metaverse, participants can explore the virtual world, purchase plots of land that can be monetized, create works of art, own non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and take part in a decentralized autonomous organization of the platform Decentraland DAO. Due to the DAO, the community influences the development vector of the project.

In addition, users have access to interactive applications, in-world payments and peer-to-peer communication. The 3D world resonates with many participants as Decentraland has many applications, both entertainment for gamers and business for investors.

Two types of tokens called MANA and LAND govern operations in Decentraland. They also allow users to interact with the platform.

MANA is the official currency of Decentraland. It’s an ERC-20 standard token that powers the Decentraland platform. With MANA, users can purchase plots of LAND, as well as pay for in-game items and services.

MANA gives its holders the right to vote in Decentraland DAO. MANA can be purchased on a cryptocurrency exchange or by selling collectibles on Decentraland Marketplace. The owner of tokens converts them to wrapped MANA, or wMANA, and then commits them to the DAO. One wMANA equals one vote. MANA can be exchanged for fiat currency and other digital assets.

As for LAND, it’s a non-fungible token (NFT) based on Ethereum (ETH). It is used to track ownership of land parcels aka digital real estate. Like MANA, LAND is part of the protocol and confers voting rights, but LAND does not need to be fixed in the DAO. One LAND is equal to two thousand votes.

Players choose what to do with their land. Owners store tokens in crypto wallets and buy necessities with MANA tokens on the Decentraland Marketplace. Moreover, on the marketplace, participants can manage or exchange LAND tokens (priced in MANA). Holders use the marketplace to transact or transfer in-game items. All transactions are conducted, regulated and registered via the Ethereum blockchain.

Decentraland combines an online gaming space and blockchain technology. All control over the rules is given to the players, and token holders vote on in-game and organizational policies. The original goal was to form a decentralized virtual reality, but in practice, Decentraland has turned into a massive NFT market.

A special role in Decentraland is assigned to NFTs, such as collectibles, virtual equipment and real estate (LAND). However, for new players who want to join the universe and seize NFTs, the entry barrier will be high.

The Decentraland protocol is built on three levels using Ethereum smart contracts. On the consensus layer, the ownership of LAND is tracked and managed. The land content layer displays the content of the Decentraland virtual world. Finally, on the real-time layer, participants interact with each other.

The platform was co-founded by two blockchain experts, Ari Meilich and Esteban Ordano, in 2015. Officially it was launched a year later and became available only in February 2020, gradually turning from a 2D experiment into a full-fledged 3D world.

To sum up, Decentraland is a decentralized game and a 3D virtual reality platform where players own lands and create limitlessly. Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) software is at the core, and governance is in the hands of the community. Through the native token MANA, players participate in any proposals for managing and improving the ecosystem, the auction system, and the in-game policy.

Decentraland

Polygon (previously Matic Network) is the first well-structured, easy-to-use platform for Ethereum scaling and infrastructure development. Its core component is Polygon SDK, a modular, flexible framework that supports building multiple types of applications.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Polygon Matic.

Using Polygon, one can create optimistic rollup chains, ZK rollup chains, stand alone chains or any other kind of infra required by the developer.

Polygon effectively transforms Ethereum into a full-fledged multi-chain system (aka Internet of Blockchains). This multi-chain system is akin to other ones such as Polkadot, Cosmos, Avalanche etc. with the advantages of Ethereum’s security, vibrant ecosystem and openness.

The $MATIC token will continue to exist and will play an increasingly important role, securing the system and enabling governance.

Polygon (formerly Matic Network) is a Layer 2 scaling solution backed by Binance and Coinbase. The project seeks to stimulate mass adoption of cryptocurrencies by resolving the problems of scalability on many blockchains.

Polygon combines the Plasma Framework and the proof-of-stake blockchain architecture. The Plasma framework used by Polygon as proposed by the co-founder of Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, allows for the easy execution of scalable and autonomous smart contracts.

Nothing will change for the existing ecosystem built on the Plasma-POS chain. With Polygon, new features are being built around the existing proven technology to expand the ability to cater to diverse needs from the developer ecosystem. Polygon will continue to develop the core technology so that it can scale to a larger ecosystem.

Polygon boasts of up to 65,000 transactions per second on a single side chain, along with a respectable block confirmation time of less than two seconds. The framework also allows for the creation of globally available decentralized financial applications on a single foundational blockchain.

The Plasma framework gives Polygon the potential of housing an unlimited number of decentralized applications on their infrastructure without experiencing the normal drawbacks common on proof-of-work blockchains. So far, Polygon has attracted more than 50 DApps to its PoS-secured Ethereum sidechain.

MATIC, the native tokens of Polygon, is an ERC-20 token running on the Ethereum blockchain. The tokens are used for payment services on Polygon and as a settlement currency between users who operate within the Polygon ecosystem. The transaction fees on Polygon sidechains are also paid in MATIC tokens.

Polygon

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Enjin Coin is a project of Enjin, a company that provides an ecosystem of interconnected, blockchain-based gaming products. Enjin's flagship offering is the Enjin Network, a social gaming platform through which users can create websites and clans, chat, and host virtual item stores.

Enjin allows game developers to tokenize in-game items on the Ethereum blockchain. It uses Enjin Coin, an ERC-20 token, to back the digital assets issued using its platform, meaning that items can be bought, sold and traded with real-world value.

Enjin Coin was first announced in July 2017, and it launched on the Ethereum mainnet in June 2018.

Enjin Coin (ENJ) is a digital store of value used to back the value of blockchain assets like non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
Every asset minted with the Enjin Platform contains ENJ, a minting resource which is locked inside NFTs and removed from circulation. Minting blockchain assets with ENJ provides a variety of benefits to creators and users:

Infuses them with a reserve value

Ensures their transparency and scarcity

Gives them instant liquidity

Provides utility in games and apps

Anti-inflationary

Enjin's "melting" functionality allows users to destroy their blockchain assets at any time to retrieve the ENJ value from within.

The Enjin blockchain ecosystem aims to offer software products that make it easy for everyone to develop, trade, monetize, and market with blockchain.

Founded in 2009, Enjin has roots in the gaming industry, with the company’s first product, a gaming community platform called the Enjin Network, growing to 20 million users over the course of a decade.

In 2017 following an ICO, Enjin established itself as a leading blockchain ecosystem developer, building a suite of software products that enable anyone to easily mint, manage, trade, distribute, and integrate blockchain assets.

Enjin’s co-founder Witek Radomski wrote the code for one of the first ever non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and is also the co-author of the ERC-1155 Ethereum token standard.

Built on top of an on-chain infrastructure, the Enjin ecosystem enables game developers and businesses of all sizes to use tokenized digital assets as part of their acquisition, retention, engagement, and monetization strategies. The Enjin ecosystem is fueled by Enjin Coin (ENJ), a cryptocurrency used to back the value of blockchain assets.

Enjin Coin

NEAR Protocol is a layer-one blockchain that was designed as a community-run cloud computing platform and that eliminates some of the limitations that have been bogging competing blockchains, such as low transaction speeds, low throughput and poor interoperability. This provides the ideal environment for DApps and creates a developer and user-friendly platform. For instance, NEAR uses human-readable account names, unlike the cryptographic wallet addresses common to Ethereum. NEAR also introduces unique solutions to scaling problems and has its own consensus mechanism called “Doomslug.”

NEAR Protocol is being built by the NEAR Collective, its community that is updating the initial code and releasing updates to the ecosystem. Its declared goal is to build a platform that is “secure enough to manage high value assets like money or identity and performant enough to make them useful for everyday people.”

Flux, a protocol that allows developers to create markets based on assets, commodities, real-world events, and Mintbase, an NFT minting platform are examples of projects being built on NEAR Protocol.

NEAR Protocol

Self-described as "Polkadot's wild cousin," Kusama is an experimental blockchain platform that is designed to provide a massively interoperable and scalable framework for developers.

Kusama is built on Substrate — a blockchain building kit developed by Parity Technologies. Kusama has almost the same codebase as Polkadot — one of the most successful interoperable blockchains.

By deploying on Kusama, fast-paced projects gain access to a highly scalable, interoperable sharded network, with features that are not yet available on Polkadot. To that end, Kusama describes itself as a “canary network.”

The platform is designed to provide a testbed for developers looking to innovate and deploy their own blockchain and can be used as a preparatory network before launching on Polkadot — though many projects opt to stick with Kusama for their final product.

Kusama benefits from a low barrier to entry for deploying parachains, low bond requirements for validators, and is most commonly used by early-stage startups and for experimentation.

Kusama

Chiliz is the leading digital currency for sports and entertainment by the eponymous Malta-based FinTech provider. It operates the blockchain-based sports entertainment platform Socios, which enables users to participate in the governance of their favorite sports brands. Multiple fan tokens by Socios.com are an example of that. For sports clubs and associations, fan tokens offer a way of connecting with their fans and unlocking new revenue streams.

For instance, fans can participate and influence club-related decisions through surveys and polls, such as messages the captain should wear on his armband. The company aims to bridge the gap between being an active and a passive fan. Chiliz has developed partnerships with some of the biggest sporting institutions in the world: FC Barcelona, Manchester City, Juventus Turin, and Paris Saint-Germain. It also boasts partnerships with the UFC and gaming organizations. By purchasing CHZ, fans get access to various fan tokens and literally have a stake in their club.

Chiliz

Axie Infinity is a blockchain-based trading and battling game that is partially owned and operated by its players.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Axie Infinity.

Inspired by popular games like Pokémon and Tamagotchi, Axie Infinity allows players to collect, breed, raise, battle and trade token-based creatures known as Axies.

These Axies can take various forms, and there are more than 500 different body parts available, including aquatic, beast, bird, bug, plant and reptile parts. Parts from each type class come in four different rarity scales: common, rare, ultra rare and legendary — and Axies can have any combination of body parts, making them highly variable and often rare and unique.

Each Axie is a non-fungible token (NFT) with different attributes and strengths and can be entered into 3v3 battles, with the winning team earning more experience (exp) points that are used to level up an Axie's stats or evolve their body parts. These Axies can be bred together to produce new and unique offspring, which can be used or sold on the Axie marketplace.

The Axie Infinity ecosystem also has its own unique governance token, known as Axie Infinity Shards (AXS). These are used to participate in key governance votes and will give holders a say in how funds in the Axie Community Treasury are spent.

Axie Infinity

Tezos is a high-performing blockchain and open-source platform for assets and applications, with a strong focus on code security, on-chain governance, and decentralization. Tezos 2.0, the upcoming step in the evolution of Tezos, aims to improve scalability (via layer 2s), composability, and to implement support to mainstream programming languages (like Javascript, Typescript, Python, and many others).

Initially built with formal verification in mind, the Tezos protocol enables builders to avoid bugs when developing smart contracts, making it particularly suited to applications that require a high degree of security and certainty.

Tezos’ LPoS (Liquid Proof-of-Stake) consensus mechanism enables any stakeholder to take part, directly or by delegation, in the consensus process, and to be rewarded for securing the network. Rather uniquely, Tezos’ on-chain governance system also enables stakeholders to create and vote on protocol upgrade proposals. This pioneering system allows the protocol to self-amend and upgrade itself without leading to a split (or fork) in the blockchain, empowering the community without slowing down innovation.

First proposed in 2014 and launched in 2018, the Tezos Mainnet has a proven track record of running uninterrupted ever since, having earned a strong reputation for technical excellence and a supportive community.

Tezos

Filecoin is a decentralized storage system that aims to “store humanity’s most important information.” The project raised $205 million in an initial coin offering (ICO) in 2017, and initially planned a launch date for mid-2019. However, the launch date for the Filecoin mainnet was pushed back until block 148,888, which is expected in mid-October 2020.

The project was first described back in 2014 as an incentive layer for the Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a peer-to-peer storage network where users pay for data storage and distribution services in $FIL. Filecoin is open protocol and backed by a blockchain that records commitments made by the network’s participants, with transactions made using FIL, the blockchain’s native currency. The blockchain is based on both proof-of-replication and proof-of-spacetime.

Filecoin is open-source and decentralized, which means that all governance is in the hands of the community. On the Filecoin platform, developers have the opportunity to create cloud file storage services like Dropbox or iCloud. Anyone can join Filecoin and start storing their data or earn money by providing space for someone else's funds. The creators of Filecoin opted for their blockchain technology to run the network and their token with their own consensus.

$FIL is the native currency of Filecoin that powers the entire network and all processes. Clients pay for transactions in FIL tokens. Miners place FIL as collateral, guaranteeing their services.

The developers claim that Filecoin solves the problem of inefficient file storage and retrieval. Customers can find the right solution with an efficient set of tools and its core development, IPFS.