Alonzo Upgrade Opens the Door for Cardano DApps

## ما هو API3 (API3)؟

غالبًا ما تُواجه العقود الذكية صعوبةً في الوصول إلى بيانات يُعول عليها، ولكن تم الترويج لواجهات برمجة التطبيقات ([APIs](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/api)) على أنّها حل لهذه المشكلة.

يكمن هدف API3 المُعلن في السماح بإنشاء إصدارات لامركزية من واجهات برمجة التطبيقات (APIs) وإدارتها وتحقيق الدخل منها على نطاق واسع. ونظرًا لأن تقنية سلسلة الكتل تلعب دورًا أكبر من أي وقت مضى في الاقتصاد — من التمويل اللامركزي إلى إدارة سلسلة التوريد — يقول الفريق الذي يقف وراء هذا المشروع إنّ توفير العقود الذكية "بيانات واقعية موثوقة وفي وقتٍ مناسب" أمر ذا أهمية أكثر من أي وقت مضى.

كشفت API3 عن الورقة البيضاء في سبتمبر 2020، كما حددت المشكلة الرئيسية المرتبطة بواجهات برمجة التطبيقات في الوقت الحالي: وهي الموصولية. وفي الوقت الحالي، لا توجد طريقة للعقود الذكية لإنشاء اتصال مباشر مع واجهات برمجة التطبيقات للحصول على أحدث البيانات — الأمر الذي أدى لزيادة شعبية الأوراكل كالنار في الهشيم.

على الرغم من أن هذا قد ساعد في حل المشكلة إلى حد ما، إلا أن المجال يصارع منذ ذلك "مشكلة سلسلة كتل أوراكل." إنّ الأوراكل شكل من أشكال البرامج الوسيطة التي تُشكل وسيط بين واجهات برمجة التطبيقات والعقود الذكية — مما يؤدي إلى زيادة التكاليف والمركزية. تعتزم API3 التغلب على هذه المشكلة من خلال تمكين مُوفري واجهة برمجة التطبيقات من تشغيل العقد الخاصة بهم.

تم إطلاق رمز API3 في بداية شهر ديسمبر بعد حدث بيع الرمز، والذي حقق عشرات الملايين من الدولارات.

### من هم مُؤسسو API3؟

اعتمد تأسيس API3 على ثلاث أشخاص. إنّ الأول هو هيكي فانتينين، والذي كتب بإسهاب عن المشروع وما يأمل في تحقيقه. عمل هيكي سابقًا كمؤسس ومدير تنفيذي في مجموعة CLC، وهي معمل سلاسل كتل "يُطور حلول عقود ذكية متصلة بالعالم الحقيقي من أجل مستقبل أكثر موثوقية وفعالية وأمان." وعمل هيكي أيضًا كرئيس تنفيذي للتسويق في Zippie، وهو نظام تشغيل محمول يهدف إلى مساعدة تقنية سلسلة الكتل في تحقيق التبني السائد.

وانضم إلى هيكي بوراك بينليجراي. وعمل بوراك أيضًا في مجموعة CLC، حيث شغل منصب المدير التنفيذي للتكنولوجيا. كتب بينليجراي سابقًا منشورات تسلط الضوء على مزايا ChainAPI، والتي تعمل كمنصة تكامل مع API3. وقد تم وصف هذا المشروع بأنه "الخليفة الروحي" لشركة Honeycomb، والتي كانت واحدة من الابتكارات التي تبنتها مجموعة CLC.

وكان ساشا ميليتش ثالثهم في تأسيس API3. بالإضافة إلى عملها كمحاضرة دورة في جامعة تورنتو، حيث قامت بتدريس دورات المناهج الأساسية لطلاب علوم الكمبيوتر، عملت كمهندسة برمجيات في Facebook وكعالمة بيانات محاكاة في Gauntlet.

### ما الذي يُميز API3؟

في عالم العملات المشفرة وسلاسل الكتل، نسمع كثيرًا عن المشاريع التي تهدف إلى جلب هذه التكنولوجيا إلى الصناعات القائمة مثل العقارات والتمويل. وإنّ إحدى السمات الأكثر إقناعًا لمشروع API3 هي تركيزها على إصلاح بعض المشاكل التي ظهرت داخل مساحة سلسلة الكتل نفسها.

وتعد واجهات برمجة التطبيقات أمرًا مهمًا نظرًا لكيفية تزويدها سلاسل الكتل ببيانات خارج السلسلة — فبدونها، لن يكون لدفاتر الأستاذ اللامركزية هذه أي فكرة عن القيمة التي يجب أن تستحقها العملات.

وللإجابة عن تساؤل ما الذي يُميز API3، أوضح فانتينين كيف يمكن لواجهات برمجة التطبيقات اللامركزية أن "توفر شفافية فائقة للبيانات على طول الطريق إلى مستوى مصدر البيانات الواقعي، مقارنةً بالأوراكل اللامركزية الحالية، والتي لا تعتبر مصدر البيانات API ضمن نطاق حل."

تم إنشاء برمجيات وسيطة خفيفة وقوية تسمى Airnode لتحويل API3 إلى واقع — وتتعلق الصفات المميزة لهذه الأداة بكيفية نشرها في دقائق، وتعزيز الشفافية وتقليل رسوم المعاملات بشكل كبير في هذه العملية.

#### صفحات ذات صلة:

اقرأ عن [Chainlink](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/chainlink/)، أحد أكبر منافسي API3.

تعرّف على كيفية عمل الأوراكل من خلال [تقريرنا التقني المفصل](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/oracles-the-all-seeing-eye-that-guides-crypto-networks).

اكتشف مفاهيم واجهات برمجة التطبيقات والعقود الذكية في [قاموس المصطلحات](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary) خاصتنا.

اشترك في [النشرة الإخبارية لـ CoinMarketCap](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary).

### كم عدد عملات API3 (API3) المُتداولة؟

اعتبارًا من يناير 2020، تشير بيانات CoinMarketCap إلى وجود 13,847,549 رمز API3 قيد التداول — من أصل أقصى عرض يبلغ 100 مليون رمز.

في حين تم توزيع 15 مليون رمز بين المستثمرين الأوليين والمستثمرين المتبرعين، تم حجز 20 مليون رمز إضافي لحدث توزيع رموز عام وقع خلال الأسبوعين الأولين من شهر ديسمبر. كما تم تخصيص 30 مليون رمز للفريق التأسيسي، منها 10 ملايين إلى الشركاء والمساهمين. وأخيرًا، تم تخصيص 25 مليون رمز إلى صندوق النظام البيئي.

يتم إلغاء قفل الرموز التي يتم بيعها خلال عملية البيع العامة، ولكن يخضع المستثمرون الأساسيون والمؤسسون لفترة استحقاق تتراوح بين سنتين وثلاث سنوات.

### كيف يتم تأمين شبكة API3؟

إنّ API3 عبارة عن رمز [ERC-20](https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/glossary/erc-20)، مما يعني أنه مستند إلى سلسلة كتل [Ethereum](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/currencies/ethereum/).

### أين يُمكنك شراء API3 (API3)؟

إنّ [Uniswap](https://coinmarketcap.com/ar/exchanges/uniswap-v2/) واحدة من أكثر منصات التداول شيوعًا لشراء API3، حيث يتم إقرانها بـ ETH المُغلف. كما أنها متاحة أيضًا مقابل UDST على Huobi Global و KuCoin، ومقترنة بـ ETH على OKEx و 1inch. [اعرف المزيد حول كيفية تحويل العملات الورقية إلى العملات المشفرة في دليلنا العملي.](https://coinmarketcap.com/how-to-buy-bitcoin/)

API3

Trust Wallet

MetaMask

Ethereum

Shiba Inu

Chainlink

UNUS SED LEO

Uniswap

Alchemy Pay

COTI

Wilder World

Braintrust

Renzo

MAGA

ATOR Protocol

Omni Network

Celer Network

Open Platform

Nettensor

Vector

GG MetaGame

Pond Coin

Band Protocol is a cross-chain data oracle platform that is able to take real-world data and supply it to on-chain applications, while also connecting APIs to smart-contracts to facilitate the exchange of information between on-chain and off-chain data sources.

By supplying reputable, verifiable real-world data to blockchains, Band Protocol unlocks a range of new use cases for developers to explore — since they can now use any type of real-world data as part of their decentralized application (DApp) logic, including sports, weather, random numbers, price feed data and more.

Band Protocol initially launched as an ERC-20 project on the Ethereum blockchain in September 2019, but transitioned to the Cosmos network in June 2020 with the release of Band Protocol 2.0. The new protocol is built on BandChain using the Cosmos SDK. Oracle nodes on BandChain not only relay data but are also involved in block production/validation, giving them a dual role.

BAND is the native token of the Band Protocol ecosystem and is used as collateral by validators involved in fulfilling data requests, as well as the main medium of exchange on BandChain — being used to paying for private data.

Band Protocol

Launched in 2017, Livepeer is the first live video streaming network protocol that is fully decentralized. The platform aims to become a viable blockchain-based, economically efficient alternative to centralized broadcasting solutions for all new and existing broadcaster companies.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Livepeer.

As stated in the official Livepeer whitepaper, the live video streaming and broadcasting industry is growing at a rapid pace, and the company is looking to ride this wave and introduce decentralization to the environment. Livepeer aims to streamline the broadcasting process by allowing producers to submit their work on the platform, taking care of reformatting and distributing the content to users and streaming platforms.

Livepeer

Ocean Protocol

UMA was founded in 2018 by Allison Lu and Hart Lambur, two ex Goldman Sachs traders, with the goal of making global markets universally fair, accessible, secure and decentralized.

The team drew inspiration from traditional finance derivatives to define an open-source protocol to allow anyone, anywhere, to design and build trustless financial contracts.

Audius is a decentralized music streaming protocol initially built on POA network, but now living on Solana. Audius was launched to remedy the inefficiencies of the music industry, which is plagued by intransparent music rights ownership and intermediaries standing between artists and their audience.

Audius aims to align the interests of artists, fans, and node operators through its platform powered by its native AUDIO token. Artists can upload music, stored and distributed by content and discovery nodes, that fans can listen to for free. Currently, Audius rewards content creators through rewards like featuring in the weekly trending lists. In the future, it plans to integrate stablecoins for artists to offer paid content, as well as artist tokens that give fans the ability to access exclusive content, potentially cooperating with platforms like Rally.

Audius

Synthetix is building a decentralized liquidity provisioning protocol that any protocol can tap into for various purposes. Its deep liquidity and low fees serve as a backend for many exciting protocols on both Optimism and Ethereum. Many user-facing protocols in the Synthetix ecosystem, such as Kwenta (Spot and Futures), Lyra (Options), Polynomial (Automated Options), and 1inch & Curve (Atomic Swaps), tap into Synthetix liquidity to power their protocols. Synthetix is built on Optimism and Ethereum mainnet. The Synthetix Network is collateralized by SNX, ETH, and LUSD, enabling the issuance of synthetic assets (Synths). Synths track and provide returns on the underlying asset without requiring one to directly hold the asset. This pooled collateral enables an array of on-chain, composable financial instruments backed by liquidity from Synthetix. Some of the most exciting upcoming releases from SNX are Perps V2, which hopes to enable low-fee on-chain futures trading through the usage of off-chain oracles, and Synthetix V3, which aims to rebuild the protocol to achieve its earliest goal, being a fully permissionless derivatives protocol. Learn more about Synthetix on their blog or by joining the SNX Discord.

The platform aims to broaden the cryptocurrency space by introducing non-blockchain assets, providing access to a more robust financial market.

Synthetix

Storj, pronounced as “storage,” is an open-source cloud storage platform. Basically, it uses a decentralized network of nodes to host user data. The platform also secures hosted data using advanced encryption.

In a white paper published in December,2014, Storj was first introduced to the world as a concept. It was to be a decentralized peer-to-peer encrypted cloud storage platform.

Two years later, an updated white paper was published. Here, a decentralized network  — connecting users who need cloud storage space with those who have hard drive space to sell — was described. The platform was launched in late 2018.

People with hard drive space and good internet connectivity can participate in the network. They become a unit in the network, called a node. Space providers are rewarded by Storj tokens.

Storj

Balancer is an automated market maker (AMM) that was developed on the Ethereum blockchain and launched in March 2020. It was able to raise a $3M seed round by Placeholder and Accomplice. Balancer protocol functions as a self-balancing weighted portfolio, price sensor and liquidity provider. It allows users to earn profits through its recently introduced token ($BAL) by contributing to customizable liquidity pools.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Balancer(https://coinmarketcap.com/alexandria/article/what-is-balancer.

The protocol operates a few types of pools:

Private pools give the owner governance over the pool, and make the person the sole contributor of liquidity to the pool. Also, all the parameters are mutable by the owner.

Shared pools are for those who want to become liquidity providers (LPs). The LPs are rewarded with the Balancer Pool Tokens (BPTs).

Smart pools are similar to private pools but are controlled by a smart contract. They also reward using BPTs and allow anyone to contribute liquidity to the pool.

Balancer

Arweave is a decentralized storage network that seeks to offer a platform for the indefinite storage of data. Describing itself as "a collectively owned hard drive that never forgets," the network primarily hosts "the permaweb" — a permanent, decentralized web with a number of community-driven applications and platforms.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Arweave.

The Arweave network uses a native cryptocurrency, AR, to pay "miners" to indefinitely store the network's information.

The project was first announced as Archain in August 2017, later rebranding to Arweave in February 2018 and officially launching in June 2018.

Arweave

Celo is a carbon-negative, permissionless, blockchain with a rich ecosystem of global partners building innovative Web3 dapps to support a more inclusive financial system. Accessible to anyone with a mobile phone, the Celo ecosystem consists of a decentralized, proof-of-stake blockchain technology stack (the Celo platform), CELO governance asset, and several Mento stable assets (cUSD, cEUR, cREAL) that allow for real-world users to use digital assets. The open source Celo mainnet launched on Earth Day 2020.  The Celo community passed an indicative on-chain governance proposal (temperature check) to have Celo migrate to an Ethereum layer-2.  Google Cloud, Deutsche Telekom, Telefonica, and many others run validators on the Celo Platform.  Today, the Platform supports 1,000+ projects in over 150 countries are building on Celo to, helping to create the conditions of prosperity for all.  For more information, please visit Celo.org.

Celo

Mask Network is a protocol that allows its users to send encrypted messages over Twitter and Facebook. It essentially acts as a bridge between the internet and a decentralized network running on top.

Mask Network was initially launched in July 2019, with its first use case of allowing Facebook and Twitter users to encrypt posts on the social media platforms. It then raised $2 million in a funding round in November 2020, co-led by HashKey and Hash Global, and a further $3 million funding round in February 2021 with participation from Digital Currency Group and Fundamental Labs.

Now, Mask Network offers the ability to fund Gitcoin grant campaigns directly from Twitter, as well as plans to offer peer-to-peer payments and decentralized storage functionality. It is a decentralized portal that also allows users to use DApps like crypto payments, decentralized finance, decentralized storage, e-commerce (digital goods/NFTs) and decentralized organizations (DAO) over the top of existing social networks without migrating, creating what is referred to as a decentralized Applet (DApplet) ecosystem.

Mask Network

COTI markets itself as the first enterprise-grade fintech platform that empowers organizations to build their own payment solutions as well as digitize any currency to save time as well as money.

COTI is one of the world’s first blockchain protocols that is optimized for decentralized payments and designed for use by merchants, governments, payment DApps and stablecoin issuers.

COTI Pay is the first application. It describes itself as a fully encompassing finance on the blockchain. The COTI Group launched in March of 2017, while the Staking Platform Launched on Jan. 1, 2020.

It is an ecosystem that is designed specifically to meet all of the challenges associated with traditional finance, including latency, fees, global inclusion and risks. This is done through the introduction of the DAG-based protocol as well as infrastructure that is completely scalable, private, inclusive and fast.

The ecosystem has DAG-based blockchain, proof-of-trust consensus algorithm, multiDAG, GTS (Global Trust System), a universal payment solution and a payment gateway.

SKALE, described as a modular blockchain network, is designed to bring scalability to Ethereum. SKALE is the only blockchain network capable of running an unlimited number of fast, on-demand, pooled-security Blockchains with zero gas fees to end users. These individual chains are known as SKALE chains and can be dapp-specific or shared.

The project’s website says it wants to enable people to build and run DApps in a “decentralized modular cloud built for real-world needs and configured for your requirements.” This emphasis on decentralization isn’t at the expense of security.

According to SKALE, those who build on this platform can run Solidity smart contracts “thousands of times faster at a fraction of the mainnet cost” — with games and content streaming services among the projects that already take advantage of its infrastructure.

SKALE

Cartesi is an app-specific rollup protocol with a virtual machine that runs Linux distributions, creating a richer and broader design space for DApp developers.

Cartesi Rollups offer a modular scaling solution, deployable as L2, L3, or sovereign rollups, while maintaining strong base layer security guarantees.

Cartesi

0x is an infrastructure protocol that allows users to easily trade ERC20 tokens and other assets on the many different blockchains (including Ethereum) without relying on centralized intermediaries. It is a protocol for decentralized exchange.

0x achieves this decentralized exchange functionality using a collection of open-source, publicly auditable smart contracts that work together to produce a flexible, low-friction trading protocol that developers can easily weave into their products.

The protocol is used by companies building web3 apps such as wallets, DEXes, portfolio trackes, and others. It is a used by hundreds of developers for their projects. The protocol has facilitates over $200B in trading volume since its inception. One can track its usage in its dedicated https://explorer.0x.org/.

The protocol is powered by an ERC20 governance token known as ZRX. ZRX holders can participate in protocol governance, having direct power over protocol changes and its community treasury.

0x Protocol

The Graph is an indexing protocol for querying data for networks like Ethereum and IPFS, powering many applications in both DeFi and the broader Web3 ecosystem. Anyone can build and publish open APIs, called subgraphs, that applications can query using GraphQL to retrieve blockchain data. There is a hosted service in production that makes it easy for developers to get started building on The Graph and the decentralized network will be launching later this year. The Graph currently supports indexing data from Ethereum, IPFS and POA, with more networks coming soon.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of The Graph.

To date, over3,000 subgraphs have been deployed by thousands of developers, for DApps like Uniswap, Synthetix, Aragon, AAVE, Gnosis, Balancer, Livepeer, DAOstack, Decentraland and many others. The Graph usage has been growing at over 50% MoM and hit over 7 billion queries during the month of September 2020.

The Graph has a global community, including over 200 Indexer Nodes in the testnet and more than 2,000 Curators in the Curator Program as of October 2020. To fund network development, The Graph raised funds from community members, strategic VCs and influential individuals in the blockchain community including Coinbase Ventures, DCG, Framework, ParaFi Capital, CoinFund, DTC, Multicoin, Reciprocal Ventures, SPC, Tally Capital and others. The Graph Foundation also successfully completed a public GRT Sale with participation from 99 countries (not including the U.S.). To date as of November 2020, The Graph has raised ~$25M.

The Graph

Quant launched in June 2018 with the goal of connecting blockchains and networks on a global scale, without reducing the efficiency and interoperability of the network. It is the first project to solve the interoperability problem through the creation of the first blockchain operating system.

To learn more about this project, check out our deep dive of Quant.

The project is built as an operating system distributed ledger technology— and Overledger Network — for connecting different blockchain networks. The project is billed as the first OS to be built for blockchains.

The main aim of Quant — using Overledger — is to bridge the gap that exists between different blockchains. The backbone of the project is the Overledger network, which Quant bills as the ecosystem on which the future digital economy ecosystem will be built.

Overledger allows developers to build decentralized multi-chain applications (known as MApps) for their customers. For developers to build a Mapp on the network, they must hold a certain amount of Quant tokens (QNT).

Quant

Ethereum Name Service (ENS) is a distributed, open, and extensible naming system based on the Ethereum blockchain. ENS converts human-readable Ethereum addresses like john.eth into the machine-readable alphanumeric codes you know from wallets like Metamask. The reverse conversion -- associating metadata and machine-readable addresses with human-readable Ethereum addresses -- is also possible.

The goal of Ethereum Name Service is to make the Ethereum-based web easier to access and comprehend for humans - similar to how the Internet’s Domain Name Service makes the internet more accessible. Like DNS, ENS also uses a system of dot-separated hierarchical names called domains with domain owners fully controlling their subdomains.

ENS launched with a highly successful retroactive airdrop in November 2021 that rewarded users who had registered addresses before the project launched its token. However, in February 2022, it faced criticism over apparently homophobic tweets by its director of operations.

Ethereum Name Service

LRC is the Ethereum-based cryptocurrency token of Loopring, an open protocol designed for the building of decentralized crypto exchanges.

In 2020, the average daily trading volume of the entire cryptocurrency market fluctuated in the approximate range of $50-$200 million. Most of that trading is conducted on centralized cryptocurrency exchanges — online platforms operated by private companies that store users’ funds and facilitate the matching of buy and sell orders.

Such platforms have a number of downsides common to all of them, so a new type of exchange — decentralized— has emerged to try to alleviate these disadvantages. However, fully decentralized exchanges are not without their own flaws.

Loopring’s purported goal is to combine centralized order matching with decentralized on-blockchain order settlement into a hybridized product that will take the best aspects of both centralized and decentralized exchanges.

LRC tokens became available to the public during an initial coin offering (ICO) in August 2017, while the Loopring protocol was first deployed on Ethereum mainnet in December 2019.

Loopring

Numerai is an Ethereum-based platform allowing developers and data scientists to experiment and create machine learning models with improved reliability. The platform’s main goal is to bring decentralization to the data science field and allow developers to compete in creating effective machine learning prediction models.

Founded in late 2015 in San Francisco, Numerai claims to be the first hedge fund to launch a cryptocurrency on the market. Unlike traditional hedge funds, however, Numerai relies on the data and predictions produced by tournament participants to participate in the stock market. They claim to be the first hedge fund to use machine learning so heavily in its investment strategy.